{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:27:26Z","timestamp":1793381246113,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010739","name":"University of Camerino","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030E _215870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030E _215870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001721","name":"Rijksuniversiteit Groningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003006","name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005075","name":"Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003195","name":"Ministerie van Economische Zaken","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:51:34Z","timestamp":1780069894000},"page":"106703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Associations between dietary food categories, epigenetic age acceleration and low-grade inflammation in the Lifelines-DEEP cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6968-1164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bordoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Rucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Agostinho de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"von Meyenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm4048","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of ageing: linking environmental inputs to genomic stability","volume":"16","author":"Benayoun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01211-8","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of aging: implications for interventions of aging and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101956","article-title":"Stress, diet, exercise: common environmental factors and their impact on epigenetic age","volume":"88","author":"Galkin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00220-0","article-title":"The relationship between epigenetic age and the hallmarks of aging in human cells","volume":"2","author":"Kabacik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4497-7","article-title":"DNA methylation markers associated with type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose and HbA1c levels: a systematic review and replication in a case\u2013control sample of the Lifelines study","volume":"61","author":"Walaszczyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib6","article-title":"A systematic review of phenotypic and epigenetic clocks used for aging and mortality quantification in humans","volume":"16","author":"Warner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0004-3","article-title":"DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing","volume":"19","author":"Horvath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101348","article-title":"A systematic review of biological, social and environmental factors associated with epigenetic clock acceleration","volume":"69","author":"Oblak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.1495","article-title":"Epigenetic clocks: beyond biological age, using the past to predict the present and future","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.27889","article-title":"Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and epigenetic aging in US young adults: NIMHD social epigenomics program","volume":"7","author":"Harris","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-025-10265-4","article-title":"First-generation versus next-generation epigenetic aging clocks: differences in performance and utility","volume":"26","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2633105520942221","article-title":"DNA methylation clocks and their predictive capacity for aging phenotypes and healthspan","volume":"15","author":"Bergsma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101684","article-title":"DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73420","article-title":"DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging","volume":"11","author":"Belsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00248-2","article-title":"A computational solution for bolstering reliability of epigenetic clocks: implications for clinical trials and longitudinal tracking","volume":"2","author":"Higgins-Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: a new immune\u2013metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101755","article-title":"Chronic inflammation and the hallmarks of aging","volume":"74","author":"Baechle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00880-9","article-title":"Systemic inflammation and biological aging in the Health and Retirement Study","volume":"45","author":"Meier","year":"2023","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac147","article-title":"Inflammation and epigenetic aging are largely independent markers of biological aging and mortality","volume":"77","author":"Cribb","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gerontol: Series A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9080922","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of diet: role in healthy aging","volume":"9","author":"Stromsnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061503","article-title":"Association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and biological aging: a cross-sectional analysis of 4510 adults from the moli-sani Study cohort","volume":"15","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020200","article-title":"Dietary inflammatory index and cardiovascular risk and Mortality-A meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Shivappa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.020","article-title":"Western diet and the immune System: an inflammatory connection","volume":"51","author":"Christ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12035","article-title":"Dietary pattern analysis and biomarkers of low-grade inflammation: a systematic literature review","volume":"71","author":"Barbaresko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061369","article-title":"Nordic diet and Inflammation\u2014A review of observational and intervention studies","volume":"11","author":"Lankinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.02.018","article-title":"The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) on serum inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"37","author":"Soltani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02892-1","article-title":"Dietary score associations with markers of chronic low-grade inflammation: a cross-sectional comparative analysis of a middle- to older-aged population","volume":"61","author":"Millar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515002093","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation, diet composition and health: current research evidence and its translation","volume":"114","author":"Minihane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib29","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity","volume":"106","author":"Calder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00122-2","article-title":"Long-term secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet and a low-fat diet (CORDIOPREV): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"399","author":"Delgado-Lista","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib31","first-page":"ehae836","article-title":"Mediterranean diet, neutrophil count, and carotid intima-media thickness in secondary prevention: the CORDIOPREV study","author":"Boughanem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13783","article-title":"Epigenetic changes in the metabolically healthy obese: a case-control versus a prospective study","volume":"52","author":"Linares-Pineda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.228718","article-title":"Development and validation of an empirical dietary inflammatory index","volume":"146","author":"Tabung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.117.248377","article-title":"An empirical dietary inflammatory pattern Score enhances prediction of circulating inflammatory biomarkers in adults","volume":"147","author":"Tabung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521002907","article-title":"Association of dietary inflammatory potential with risk of overall and cause-specific mortality","volume":"127","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.08.020","article-title":"The inflammatory potential of the diet as a link between food processing and low-grade inflammation: an analysis on 21,315 participants to the Moli-sani study","volume":"41","author":"Mignogna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.07.385","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation and ultra-processed foods consumption in childhood","volume":"63","author":"Melekoglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061546","article-title":"Low-Grade inflammation and ultra-processed foods consumption: a review","volume":"15","author":"Tristan Asensi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.10.006","article-title":"Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with the acceleration of biological aging in the Moli-sani Study","volume":"120","author":"Esposito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01565-X","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence","volume":"406","author":"Monteiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimal dietary patterns for healthy aging","author":"Tessier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2025.04.024","article-title":"Combination of a traditional Mediterranean Diet with ultra-processed food consumption in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality: prospective findings from the Moli-sani Study","volume":"50","author":"Bonaccio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006772","article-title":"Cohort profile: lifelines DEEP, a prospective, general population cohort study in the northern Netherlands: study design and baseline characteristics","volume":"5","author":"Tigchelaar","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e295","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab257","article-title":"Cohort Profile Update: Lifelines, a three-generation cohort study and biobank","volume":"51","author":"Sijtsma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.34836","article-title":"Surrogate adiposity markers and mortality","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801376","article-title":"Critical evaluation of energy intake using the Goldberg cut-off for energy intake:basal metabolic rate. A practical guide to its calculation, use and limitations","volume":"24","author":"Black","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib47","first-page":"5","article-title":"Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work","volume":"39","author":"Schofield","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hum Nutr Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib48","first-page":"1515","article-title":"Study: Waist-to-Hip ratio might predict mortality better than BMI","volume":"330","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm026","article-title":"Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies","volume":"28","author":"de Koning","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1373\/49.4.669","article-title":"Distributions of C-reactive protein measured by high-sensitivity assays in apparently healthy men and women from different populations in Europe","volume":"49","author":"Imhof","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01409-0","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Sharif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib52","first-page":"474","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, past, present and future perspectives","volume":"122","author":"Zahorec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib53","first-page":"130","volume":"29","author":"Lucius","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13230","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) predicted clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0442","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.04.004","article-title":"Association of proinflammatory diet with low-grade inflammation: results from the Moli-sani study","volume":"54","author":"Shivappa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1160\/th15-06-0487","article-title":"Polyphenol intake is associated with low-grade inflammation, using a novel data analysis from the Moli-sani study","volume":"115","author":"Pounis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.07.165","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation as mediator between diet and behavioral disinhibition: a UK Biobank study","volume":"106","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.08.002","article-title":"An upward trajectory in adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with favourable changes in inflammation biomarkers","volume":"31","author":"Bonaccio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Metabol Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01396-8","article-title":"INFLA score: a novel inflammatory marker for assessing cardiometabolic disease risk in obese individuals","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib61","article-title":"Chronic low-grade inflammation associated with higher risk and earlier onset of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: a population-based cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01850-1","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation score (INFLA- score) associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in shift workers","volume":"17","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.314642","article-title":"Gut microbial associations to plasma metabolites linked to cardiovascular phenotypes and risk: a cross-sectional Study","volume":"124","author":"Kurilshikov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","article-title":"Executive Summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment Panel III)","volume":"285","author":"Cleeman","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa004","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity","volume":"41","author":"Bl\u00fcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib66","first-page":"225","article-title":"Development and external validation of the \u2018Flower-FFQ\u2019: a FFQ designed for the Lifelines Cohort Study","volume":"25","author":"Brouwer-Brolsma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511000067","article-title":"Self-reported energy intake by FFQ compared with actual energy intake to maintain body weight in 516 adults","volume":"106","author":"Siebelink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib68","first-page":"420","article-title":"Reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire and stability of dietary habits determined from five annually repeated measurements","volume":"49","author":"Goldbohm","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0205-z","article-title":"Development of the food-based Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) and its application in 129,369 Lifelines participants","volume":"72","author":"Vinke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib70","unstructured":"Item - USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Legacy release - ag data commons - figshare n.d. https:\/\/agdatacommons.nal.usda.gov\/articles\/dataset\/USDA_National_Nutrient_Database_for_Standard_Reference_Legacy_Release\/24661818 (accessed December 19, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.52","article-title":"The 2015 Dutch food-based dietary guidelines","volume":"70","author":"Kromhout","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-11-49","article-title":"The Dutch Healthy Diet index (DHD-index): an instrument to measure adherence to the Dutch Guidelines for a Healthy Diet","volume":"11","author":"Van Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001700091X","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015","volume":"20","author":"Looman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02200-4","article-title":"Ultra-processed food and incident type 2 diabetes: studying the underlying consumption patterns to unravel the health effects of this heterogeneous food category in the prospective Lifelines cohort","volume":"20","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib75","first-page":"28","article-title":"NOVA. The star shines bright","volume":"7","author":"Monteiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.08.033","article-title":"Evaluating the connection between diet quality, EpiNutrient intake and epigenetic age: an observational study","volume":"120","author":"Bordoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01957-x","article-title":"Association of Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) and metabolically unhealthy overweight\/obesity phenotypes in women: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Khadem","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961468","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.961468","article-title":"Adherence to lifelines diet score and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Akhavanfar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1569814","article-title":"The association between lifelines diet score and metabolic associated fatty liver disease: a case\u2013control study","volume":"12","author":"Direksunthorn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1523651","article-title":"Association between lifelines diet score with odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and some novel anthropometric indices among adults: a case\u2013control study","volume":"11","author":"Asiaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1625903","article-title":"The association between Lifelines Diet Score and GDM: a case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Abudari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.07.033","article-title":"Diet quality and incident chronic kidney disease in the general population: the Lifelines Cohort Study","volume":"40","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-023-01372-x","article-title":"Assessment of the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 in the Lifelines cohort study at baseline","volume":"78","author":"Baart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010048","article-title":"Dietary intake in the lifelines cohort study: baseline results from the flower food frequency questionnaire among 59,982 participants","volume":"14","author":"Baart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515004705","article-title":"Evaluation of a screener to assess diet quality in the Netherlands","volume":"115","author":"Van Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib86","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Dutch Healthy Diet index as assessed by 24 h recalls and FFQ: associations with biomarkers from a cross-sectional study","volume":"2","author":"Van Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302905","article-title":"Association between diet quality and all-cause mortality in a large Dutch cohort","volume":"19","author":"Kirk","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-11-49","article-title":"The Dutch Healthy Diet index (DHD-index): an instrument to measure adherence to the Dutch Guidelines for a Healthy Diet","volume":"11","author":"Van Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00572-6","article-title":"Low folate intake and serum levels are associated with higher body mass index and abdominal fat accumulation: a case control study","volume":"19","author":"Mlodzik-Czyzewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.11.020","article-title":"The effect of folic acid supplementation on body weight and body mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"53","author":"Jafari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2024.102152","article-title":"A systematized review of the relationship between obesity and vitamin C requirements","volume":"8","author":"Bird","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12202","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608679113","article-title":"Retinol and ascorbate drive erasure of epigenetic memory and enhance reprogramming to na\u00efve pluripotency by complementary mechanisms","volume":"113","author":"Hore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2023.2293410","article-title":"Impact of folic acid supplementation on the epigenetic profile in healthy unfortified individuals \u2013 a randomized intervention trial","volume":"19","author":"Michels","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-015-0154-5","article-title":"The effects of long-term daily folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation on genomewide DNA methylation in elderly subjects","volume":"7","author":"Kok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2024.05.010","article-title":"Dietary atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes predicting cardiovascular mortality: 50-year follow-up of the Seven Countries Study","volume":"34","author":"Menotti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Metabol Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91846-M","article-title":"Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors","volume":"338","author":"Ulbricht","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120000038","article-title":"The effect of quantity and quality of dietary fat intake on subcutaneous white adipose tissue inflammatory responses","volume":"79","author":"Dewhurst-Trigg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092867","article-title":"B vitamins and one-carbon metabolism: implications in human health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Lyon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy119","article-title":"Dietary intake of one-carbon metabolism nutrients and DNA methylation in peripheral blood","volume":"108","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2023.17.4.597","article-title":"Modulation of DNA methylation by one-carbon metabolism: a milestone for healthy aging","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr Res Prac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.03.003","article-title":"Nutrition and epigenetics: an interplay of dietary methyl donors, one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation","volume":"23","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1159\/000517911","article-title":"Comparison of associations between one-carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, and fatty liver markers in normal-weight and overweight people aged 20-40 years","volume":"77","author":"M\u0142odzik-Czy\u017cewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.05.029","article-title":"One-carbon metabolism-related compounds are associated with epigenetic aging biomarkers: results from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999\u20132002","author":"Bozack","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14255","article-title":"Elevated homocysteine is associated with increased rates of epigenetic aging in a population with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"23","author":"Holmes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3721","article-title":"Disease variants alter transcription factor levels and methylation of their binding sites","volume":"49","author":"Bonder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101414","article-title":"An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan","volume":"10","author":"Levine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66106-y","article-title":"An unbiased comparison of 14 epigenetic clocks in relation to 174 incident disease outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Mavrommatis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00871-w","article-title":"Insights into ageing rates comparison across tissues from recalibrating cerebellum DNA methylation clock","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Roy Stat Soc B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib110","first-page":"1165","volume":"29","author":"Benjamini","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00746.x","article-title":"Discovering the false discovery rate","volume":"72","author":"Benjamini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc, Ser B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"Lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling","volume":"48","author":"Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","article-title":"Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty","volume":"15","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-025-00266-5","article-title":"Modulating biological aging with food-derived signals: a systems and precision nutrition perspective","volume":"11","author":"Carlberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03513-w","article-title":"Unveiling the epigenetic impact of vegan vs. omnivorous diets on aging: insights from the Twins Nutrition Study (TwiNS)","volume":"22","author":"Dwaraka","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01138-8","article-title":"A combination nutritional supplement reduces DNA methylation age only in older adults with a raised epigenetic age","volume":"46","author":"McGee","year":"2024","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.22749","article-title":"Essential nutrients, added sugar intake, and epigenetic Age in midlife Black and white Women: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program","volume":"7","author":"Chiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.12.018","article-title":"Suboptimal dietary patterns are associated with accelerated biological aging in young adulthood: a study with twins","volume":"45","author":"Ravi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17061060","article-title":"Epigenetic aging acceleration in obesity is slowed Down by nutritional ketosis following very low-calorie Ketogenic diet (VLCKD): a new perspective to reverse biological Age","volume":"17","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.01.022","article-title":"Dietary carbohydrate quality is associated with epigenetic Age acceleration: a cross-sectional Study of the CARDIA cohort","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2024.1417625","article-title":"Examining nutrition strategies to influence DNA methylation and epigenetic clocks: a systematic review of clinical trials","volume":"5","author":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0052","article-title":"Substantial health and economic returns from delayed aging may warrant a new focus for medical research","volume":"32","author":"Goldman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00080-0","article-title":"The economic value of targeting aging","volume":"1","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00432-y","article-title":"Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial","volume":"3","author":"Waziry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00793-y","article-title":"Individual and additive effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise on DNA methylation clocks of biological aging in older adults from the DO-HEALTH trial","volume":"5","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-025-00298-x","article-title":"Dietary fatty acids and epigenetic aging in US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"12","author":"Bozack","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib127","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of polyphenols on DNA methylation-assessed biological age attenuation: the DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Yaskolka","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100324","article-title":"Discovering the direct relations between nutrients and epigenetic ageing","volume":"28","author":"Grootswagers","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib129","first-page":"1","article-title":"From inflammaging to healthy aging by dietary lifestyle choices: is epigenetics the key to personalized nutrition?","volume":"7","author":"Szarc Vel Szic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.09.007","article-title":"The ticking of aging clocks","volume":"35","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.116863","article-title":"Dietary inflammatory index and telomere length in subjects with a high cardiovascular disease risk from the PREDIMED-NAVARRA study: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses over 5 y","volume":"102","author":"Garc\u00eda-Calz\u00f3n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01425-y","article-title":"Epigenetic signatures underlying inflammation: an interplay of nutrition, physical activity, metabolic diseases, and environmental factors for personalized nutrition","volume":"70","author":"Ramos-Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib133","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diet and the epigenome","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NP00057G","article-title":"Dietary natural products as epigenetic modifiers in aging-associated inflammation and disease","volume":"37","author":"Evans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Prod Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac038","article-title":"Epigenetic effects of healthy foods and lifestyle habits from the Southern european Atlantic diet pattern: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S296","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz026","article-title":"Plant-Rich dietary patterns, plant foods and nutrients, and telomere length","volume":"10","author":"Crous-Bou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.05.001","article-title":"Effect of dietary patterns on serum C-reactive protein level","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Metabol Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070831","article-title":"Association between dietary inflammatory index, C-Reactive protein and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional Study","volume":"10","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad361","article-title":"Subclinical atherosclerosis and accelerated epigenetic age mediated by inflammation: a multi-omics study","volume":"44","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Cabo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy071","article-title":"Perspective: the dietary inflammatory index (DII)\u2014Lessons learned, improvements made, and future directions","volume":"10","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000631","article-title":"Dietary inflammatory index and its relation to the pathophysiological aspects of obesity: a narrative review","volume":"67","author":"Mello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1097228","article-title":"The dietary inflammatory index and its association with the prevalence of hypertension: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu057","article-title":"Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases","volume":"69","author":"Franceschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae799","article-title":"Connecting the dots: the Mediterranean diet, neutrophil count, and atherosclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Guasch-Ferr\u00e9","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051701","article-title":"Dietary polyphenol intake is associated with biological aging, a novel predictor of cardiovascular disease: Cross-Sectional findings from the moli-sani Study","volume":"13","author":"Esposito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.023","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns in association with biological aging in the Moli-sani Study cohort","volume":"41","author":"Esposito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02076","article-title":"Epigenetic Age acceleration in adolescence associates with BMI, inflammation, and risk Score for middle Age cardiovascular disease","volume":"104","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0481-4","article-title":"Metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers are associated with epigenetic aging acceleration estimates in the GOLDN study","volume":"10","author":"Irvin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0585-x","article-title":"Trajectories of inflammatory biomarkers over the eighth decade and their associations with immune cell profiles and epigenetic ageing","volume":"10","author":"Stevenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glae026","article-title":"Body size, diet quality, and epigenetic aging: Cross-Sectional and longitudinal analyses","volume":"79","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.02.059","article-title":"Processed food classification: conceptualisation and challenges","volume":"112","author":"Sadler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.10.048","article-title":"Trends in adults' intake of Un-processed\/Minimally processed, and ultra-processed foods at home and away from home in the United States from 2003\u20132018","volume":"155","author":"Wolfson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.09.009","article-title":"Ultra-Processed foods and human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"15","author":"Vitale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.01.001","article-title":"Sugar-sweetened or artificially-sweetened beverage consumption, physical activity, and risk of cardiovascular disease in adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"119","author":"Pacheco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100771","article-title":"Consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Cordova","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib156","article-title":"Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses","volume":"384","author":"Lane","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2024.0706","article-title":"Ultra-Processed food intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib158","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of ultra-processed food in obesity","author":"Juul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101755","article-title":"Chronic inflammation and the hallmarks of aging","volume":"74","author":"Baechle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Metab"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561426001305?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561426001305?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:19:48Z","timestamp":1784816388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561426001305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":159,"alternative-id":["S0261561426001305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations between dietary food categories, epigenetic age acceleration and low-grade inflammation in the Lifelines-DEEP cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106703","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106703"}}