{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:33:34Z","timestamp":1793234014604,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:10:58Z","timestamp":1790809858000},"page":"106813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Using ultra-processed food evidence at the right level of resolution in clinical dietetic practice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7736-605X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimmy Chun Yu","family":"Louie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13146","article-title":"Ultraprocessed food and chronic noncommunicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies","volume":"22","author":"Lane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib2","article-title":"Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses","volume":"384","author":"Lane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132568","article-title":"Ultra-processed food consumption and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"14","author":"Lane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.04.016","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and human health: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of observational evidence","volume":"43","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001325","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjnph-2025-001325","article-title":"Ultra-processed food exposure and cognitive outcomes: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMJ Nutr Prev Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v68.10616","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods - a scoping review for nordic nutrition recommendations 2023","volume":"68","author":"Juul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01565-X","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence","volume":"406","author":"Monteiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-023-00779-w","article-title":"Best practices for applying the nova food classification system","volume":"4","author":"Martinez-Steele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2024.0659","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and the impact on cardiometabolic health: the role of diet quality","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001358","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjnph-2025-001358","article-title":"Not all ultra-processed foods are created equal: a review","volume":"9","author":"Kahleova","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMJ Nutr Prev Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665125100645","article-title":"Are all ultraprocessed foods bad? A critical review of the NOVA classification system","author":"Louie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-026-01371-8","article-title":"The validity and utility of nova and the concept of ultra-processed foods for science and policy","volume":"7","author":"Khandpur","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib13","article-title":"Handle with care: challenges associated with ultra-processed foods research","volume":"53","author":"O'Connor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13081259","article-title":"Precision food composition data as a tool to decipher the riddle of ultra-processed foods and nutritional quality","volume":"13","author":"Vlassopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980024000296","article-title":"Complementarity between the updated version of the front-of-pack nutrition label nutri-score and the food-processing NOVA classification","volume":"27","author":"Sarda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib16","article-title":"Overlap between ultra-processed food and food that is high in fat, salt or sugar: analysis of 11 annual waves of the UK national diet and nutrition survey 2008\/2009-2018\/2019","volume":"8","author":"Kesaite","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Nutr Prev Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib17","article-title":"Joint association of food nutritional profile by nutri-score front-of-pack label and ultra-processed food intake with mortality: Moli-sani prospective cohort study","volume":"378","author":"Bonaccio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017000234","article-title":"The UN decade of nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing","volume":"21","author":"Monteiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac039","article-title":"Association between ultra-processed food intake and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"191","author":"Taneri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib20","article-title":"Consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Cordova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.06.020","article-title":"Food processing, according to the nova classification system, and dietary intake of US infants and toddlers","volume":"153","author":"O'Connor","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10921","article-title":"Recommending ultra-processed oral nutrition supplements for unintentional weight loss: are there risks?","volume":"38","author":"Rivero-Mendoza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac049","article-title":"Food insecurity and ultra-processed food consumption: the modifying role of participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP)","volume":"116","author":"Leung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100422","article-title":"Food insecurity and ultra-processed food consumption in the health and retirement study: cross-Sectional analysis","volume":"29","author":"Aljahdali","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008","article-title":"Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of Ad libitum food intake","volume":"30","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehag226","volume":"47","author":"Guasti","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aef3495","article-title":"Ultraprocessed foods and obesity: interpreting the evidence","volume":"392","author":"Magkos","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5791","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2026.2664043","article-title":"Is the experimental evidence on ultra-processed food and obesity reliable?","volume":"66","author":"Ludwig","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101395","article-title":"Interpreting ultra-processed food trial evidence: evidentiary limits, reporting practices, and policy relevance","volume":"124","author":"Louie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1049","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2508694","article-title":"Ultraprocessed food on an ultrafast track","volume":"393","author":"Ludwig","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)00132-7","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods in research and policy","volume":"407","author":"Ludwig","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04087-7","article-title":"Concerns over conclusions in an ultra-processed food trial","volume":"32","author":"Ludwig","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04085-9","article-title":"Concerns around evidence that food processing should be included in dietary guidance","volume":"32","author":"Robinson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004439","article-title":"Ultraprocessed food (UPF), health, and mechanistic uncertainty: what should we be advising the public to do about UPFs?","volume":"21","author":"Robinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132125","article-title":"Bridging the gap: the need to implement dietary guidance to address cardiovascular health","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102509","article-title":"Long-term impact of mediterranean diet on cardiovascular disease prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"49","author":"Sebastian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2024.10.020","article-title":"Examination of motivational interviewing in dietetics education: current practices and recommendations for entry-level dietitian preparedness","volume":"125","author":"Braun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561426002402?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561426002402?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:19:41Z","timestamp":1793233181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561426002402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0261561426002402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Using ultra-processed food evidence at the right level of resolution in clinical dietetic practice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106813","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106813"}}