{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:58:15Z","timestamp":1781726295483,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicaloncologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,11]],"date-time":"2014-10-11T00:51:36Z","timestamp":1412988696000},"page":"56-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Combination External Beam Radiotherapy and Intraluminal Brachytherapy for Non-radical Treatment of Oesophageal Carcinoma in Patients not Suitable for Surgery or Chemoradiation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Glynne-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sinha-ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.J.","family":"Hoskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.7931","article-title":"Referral patterns, treatment choices, and outcomes in locoregional esophageal cancer: a population-based analysis of elderly patients","volume":"25","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-6-55","article-title":"Curative treatment of oesophageal carcinoma: current options and future developments","volume":"6","author":"Wolf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31815c4037","article-title":"Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the mid\/distal esophagus: five-year survival of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"246","author":"Omloo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2010.05.023","article-title":"Prognostic significance of age in the radical treatment of oesophageal cancer with surgery or chemoradiotherapy: a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-114","article-title":"Developments in esophageal surgery for adenocarcinoma: a comparison of two decades","volume":"7","author":"Gockel","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2008.03.004","article-title":"Outcome after esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus and GEJ in patients aged over 75 years","volume":"33","author":"Internullo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601461","article-title":"Definitive chemoradiation in patients with inoperable oesophageal carcinoma","volume":"90","author":"Crosby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.17.1623","article-title":"Chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced esophageal cancer: long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized trial (RTOG 85-01). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group","volume":"281","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812313392704","article-title":"Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer","volume":"339","author":"Kelsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.7118","article-title":"Chemoradiation followed by surgery compared with chemoradiation alone in squamous cancer of the esophagus: FFCD 9102","volume":"25","author":"Bedenne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70136-0","article-title":"Chemoradiotherapy with or without cetuximab in patients with oesophageal cancer (SCOPE1): a multicentre, phase 2\/3 randomised trial","volume":"14","author":"Crosby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib12","first-page":"CD002092","article-title":"Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (without surgery) compared with radiotherapy alone in localized carcinoma of the esophagus","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199206113262403","article-title":"Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in patients with cancer of the esophagus","volume":"326","author":"Herskovic","year":"1992","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2010.12.001","article-title":"Definitive chemoradiation for oesophageal cancer \u2013 a standard of care in patients with non-metastatic oesophageal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Gwynne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860510029563","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of combined modality treatment and prognostic factors in patients with esophageal cancer","volume":"44","author":"Neuhof","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(98)00037-1","article-title":"Radical radiotherapy for carcinoma of the oesophagus: an effective alternative to surgery","volume":"48","author":"Sykes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(91)90082-R","article-title":"High-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy for esophageal cancer: 10 years' experience in Hyogo College of Medicine","volume":"21","author":"Hishikawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.8.841","article-title":"Palliation of malignant dysphagia: surgery, radiotherapy, laser, intubation alone or in combination?","volume":"32","author":"Bown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib19","first-page":"32","article-title":"101 oesophageal cancers: a surgeon uses radiotherapy","volume":"72","author":"Earlam","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib20","first-page":"s25","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of a high dose palliative radiotherapy regime in oesophageal carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Chong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9444","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17272-3","article-title":"Single-dose brachytherapy versus metal stent placement for the palliation of dysphagia from oesophageal cancer: multicentre randomised trial","volume":"364","author":"Homs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00710-4","article-title":"Fractionated high dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy in palliation of advanced esophageal cancer","volume":"40","author":"Sur","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta9050","article-title":"A\u00a0pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the cost-effectiveness of palliative therapies for patients with inoperable oesophageal cancer","volume":"9","author":"Shenfine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib24","series-title":"An audit of the care received by people with Oesophago-Gastric Cancer in England and Wales","author":"Clinical Effectiveness Unit RCoSoE","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib25","series-title":"AJCC cancer staging handbook: from the AJCC\u00a0cancer staging manual","first-page":"xix","author":"Edge","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198212000-00014","article-title":"Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group","volume":"5","author":"Oken","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib27","first-page":"2000","article-title":"The adult comorbidity evaluation-27-a new comorbidity index for patients with cancer","volume":"19","author":"Bang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199310283291803","article-title":"A\u00a0controlled trial of an expansile metal stent for palliation of esophageal obstruction due to inoperable cancer","volume":"329","author":"Knyrim","year":"1993","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03937-8","article-title":"Predictors of radiation-induced esophageal toxicity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy","volume":"55","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0936-6555(05)80981-1","article-title":"The role of radiotherapy in carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus: an audit of the Mount Vernon experience 1980\u20131989","volume":"4","author":"Leslie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90805-R","article-title":"Radiation therapy of esophageal cancer: role of high dose rate brachytherapy","volume":"22","author":"Sur","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0936-6555(05)80314-0","article-title":"Iridium-192 high dose rate brachytherapy combined with external beam irradiation in non-resectable oesophageal cancer","volume":"5","author":"Pakisch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(89)90139-9","article-title":"Impact of new radiotherapy modalities on the surgical management of cancer of the esophagus and cardia","volume":"17","author":"Flores","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biology Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(97)00083-2","article-title":"Combined endoluminal and external irradiation of inoperable oesophageal carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Schraube","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(02)00149-4","article-title":"Combined external and intraluminal radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer","volume":"64","author":"Hujala","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(93)90038-A","article-title":"Combined external beam and low dose rate intraluminal radiotherapy in oesophageal cancer","volume":"27","author":"Caspers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0936-6555(05)81056-8","article-title":"Combined external beam and intracavitary radiotherapy in oesophageal carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Agrawal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3109\/02841860903246573","article-title":"Radical treatment for oesophageal cancer patients unfit for surgery and chemotherapy. A 10-year experience from the Norwegian Radium Hospital","volume":"49","author":"Amdal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1053\/clon.2001.0006","article-title":"Radical radiotherapy incorporating a brachytherapy boost for the treatment of carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus: Results from a cohort of patients and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Churn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.07.021","article-title":"External beam radiotherapy combined with intraluminal brachytherapy in esophageal carcinoma","volume":"102","author":"Muijs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90315-8","article-title":"Esophageal cancer treated with radiotherapy: impact of total treatment time and fractionation","volume":"30","author":"Nishimura","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2010.09.001","article-title":"Adding external beam to intra-luminal brachytherapy improves palliation in obstructive squamous cell oesophageal cancer: a prospective multi-centre randomized trial of the International Atomic Energy Agency","volume":"97","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90525-Z","article-title":"Influence of intraluminal brachytherapy dose on complications in the treatment of esophageal cancer","volume":"27","author":"Kumar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00433-7","article-title":"Optimum fractionation for high-dose-rate endoesophageal brachytherapy following external irradiation of early stage esophageal cancer","volume":"43","author":"Akagi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.564","article-title":"High dose rate brachytherapy before external beam irradiation in inoperable oesophageal cancer","volume":"74","author":"Taal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02702-5","article-title":"Prospective randomized trial of HDR brachytherapy as a sole modality in palliation of advanced esophageal carcinoma \u2013 an International Atomic Energy Agency study","volume":"53","author":"Sur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2004.04.021","article-title":"Quality of life after palliative treatment for oesophageal carcinoma \u2013 a prospective comparison between stent placement and single dose brachytherapy","volume":"40","author":"Homs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655514003306?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655514003306?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T15:40:42Z","timestamp":1760542842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0936655514003306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0936655514003306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-6555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6555","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Combination External Beam Radiotherapy and Intraluminal Brachytherapy for Non-radical Treatment of Oesophageal Carcinoma in Patients not Suitable for Surgery or Chemoradiation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2014.09.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}