{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T18:08:46Z","timestamp":1784398126561,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicaloncologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T12:39:34Z","timestamp":1647607174000},"page":"e195-e209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Hypofractionation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma \u2013 The Effect of Fractionation Size"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"Galle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29498","article-title":"Projections of primary liver cancer to 2030 in 30 countries worldwide","volume":"67","author":"Valery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i4.393","article-title":"Indications of external radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma from updated clinical guidelines: diverse global viewpoints","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4614","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i32.4614","article-title":"Locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma: current evidence and future directions","volume":"25","author":"Inchingolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29086","article-title":"AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"67","author":"Heimbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-009-9736-y","article-title":"Quality improvement guidelines for radiofrequency ablation of liver tumours","volume":"33","author":"Crocetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl19024","article-title":"2018 Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.09.026","article-title":"Proton beam radiotherapy vs. radiofrequency ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized phase III trial","volume":"74","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.03.027","article-title":"An evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma practice guidelines from a radiation oncology perspective","volume":"148","author":"Rim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21811","article-title":"Radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: from palliation to cure","volume":"106","author":"Hawkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.01.221","article-title":"Predictors of liver toxicity following stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Velec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15011","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.3635","article-title":"Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Baskar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.07.701","article-title":"American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and American College of Radiology practice guideline for the performance of stereotactic body radiation therapy","volume":"60","author":"Potters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4078","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3438081","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy: the report of AAPM Task Group 101","volume":"37","author":"Benedict","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2013.06.007","article-title":"Biological consequences of radiation-induced DNA damage: relevance to radiotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Lomax","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.07.022","article-title":"The tumor radiobiology of SRS and SBRT: are more than the 5 Rs involved?","volume":"88","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2773.1","article-title":"Radiation-induced vascular damage in tumors: implications of vascular damage in ablative hypofractionated radiotherapy (SBRT and SRS)","volume":"177","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2020-0994","article-title":"The abscopal effect of radiation therapy","volume":"17","author":"Craig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01761-1","article-title":"Therapeutic outcome and related predictors of stereotactic body radiotherapy for small liver-confined HCC: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"16","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib21","first-page":"316","article-title":"The stereotactic method and radiosurgery of the brain","volume":"102","author":"Leksell","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1987.11739775","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery. Present status and future trends","volume":"9","author":"Leksell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2260","article-title":"A randomized phase 2 study comparing 2 stereotactic body radiation therapy schedules for medically inoperable patients with stage I peripheral non-small cell lung cancer: NRG Oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927)","volume":"93","author":"Videtic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.05.006","article-title":"Single-fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy and sequential gemcitabine for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"81","author":"Schellenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13811","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for inoperable primary kidney cancer: a prospective clinical trial","volume":"120","author":"Siva","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2019.10.016","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for bone only oligometastatic breast cancer: a prospective clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"David","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.1.164","article-title":"Stereotactic single-dose radiation therapy of liver tumors: results of a phase I\/II trial","volume":"19","author":"Herfarth","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.08.019","article-title":"One versus three fractions of stereotactic body radiation therapy for peripheral stage I to II non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized, multi-institution, phase 2 trial","volume":"105","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.11.051","article-title":"Long-term follow-up on NRG Oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927): a randomized phase 2 study comparing 2 stereotactic body radiation therapy schedules for medically inoperable patients with stage I peripheral non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"103","author":"Videtic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02846-8","article-title":"Analysis of radiation-induced liver disease using the Lyman NTCP model","volume":"53","author":"Dawson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JORA.0000010880.40483.c4","article-title":"Radiosurgery for tumors in the body: clinical experience using a new method","volume":"1","author":"Blomgren","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Radiosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.020","article-title":"Dose-escalation study of single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver malignancies","volume":"78","author":"Goodman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4579-z","article-title":"A phase I dose-escalation trial of single-fraction stereotactic radiation therapy for liver metastases","volume":"23","author":"Meyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.11.032","article-title":"Phase I trial of stereotactic MR-guided online adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) for the treatment of oligometastatic or unresectable primary malignancies of the abdomen","volume":"126","author":"Henke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.6329","article-title":"Multi-institutional phase I\/II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases","volume":"27","author":"Rusthoven","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0038","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for small (\u2264 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma not amenable to curative treatment: results of a single-arm, phase II clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.12.004","article-title":"Curative irradiation treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter phase 2 trial","volume":"107","author":"Durand-Labrunie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32502","article-title":"A phase 2 multicenter study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: safety and efficacy","volume":"126","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13063","article-title":"Long-term outcome of stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"48","author":"Kubo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3857\/roj.2017.00598","article-title":"Is higher dose always the right answer in stereotactic body radiation therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma?","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.04.006","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy as an ablative treatment for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"115","author":"Huertas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2015.02.007","article-title":"Treatment variables related to liver toxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, Child-Pugh class A and B enrolled in a phase 1-2 trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy","volume":"5","author":"Lasley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-015-1929-y","article-title":"The challenge of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): results of a single-institutional experience on stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)","volume":"141","author":"Scorsetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-250","article-title":"High-dose stereotactic body radiotherapy correlates increased local control and overall survival in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-249","article-title":"Radiation-induced liver disease after stereotactic body radiotherapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical and dose-volumetric parameters","volume":"8","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079854","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy as an alternative treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Yoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5424","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27533","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma as a local salvage treatment after incomplete transarterial chemoembolization","volume":"118","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.04.011","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"81","author":"Andolino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.04.024","article-title":"Long term outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma without macrovascular invasion","volume":"134","author":"Mathew","year":"2020","journal-title":"E J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2020.1741679","article-title":"Local control by salvage stereotactic body radiotherapy for recurrent\/residual hepatocellular carcinoma after other local therapies","volume":"59","author":"Kibe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.05.066","article-title":"Comparison of stereotactic body radiation therapy and transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable medium-sized hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"105","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.01.076","article-title":"Protons versus photons for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: liver decompensation and overall survival","volume":"105","author":"Sanford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1382-1","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion: a retrospective analysis","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11081116","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy as a salvage therapy after incomplete radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective propensity score matching study","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30591","article-title":"Radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma results in comparable survival to radiofrequency ablation: a propensity score analysis","volume":"69","author":"Hara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.07.027","article-title":"A mid-treatment break and reassessment maintains tumor control and reduces toxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy","volume":"141","author":"Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6063-9","article-title":"Biologically effective dose (BED) of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) was an important factor of therapeutic efficacy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (\u22645 cm)","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2018.06.005","article-title":"Effect of daily and every other day stereotactic body radiation therapy schedules on treatment-related fatigue in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Hasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.11.004","article-title":"Phase I\/II trial of helical IMRT-based stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-018-2729-y","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma: outcomes and toxicities","volume":"144","author":"Lazarev","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.09.001","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy as an alternative to transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"100","author":"Sapir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo.2018.05.01","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy following transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Buckstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroint Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.11.030","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of accelerated hypofractionation and stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with varying degrees of hepatic impairment","volume":"100","author":"Nabavizadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12916","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy for elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"48","author":"Teraoka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.10.024","article-title":"Central liver toxicity after SBRT: an expanded analysis and predictive nomogram","volume":"122","author":"Toesca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.01.221","article-title":"Predictors of liver toxicity following stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Velec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.02.095","article-title":"Long-term survival analysis of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus liver resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"98","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.022","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy vs. TACE or RFA as a bridge to transplant in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. An intention-to-treat analysis","volume":"67","author":"Sapisochin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2894-9","article-title":"Long-term survival analysis in combined transarterial embolization and stereotactic body radiation therapy versus stereotactic body radiation monotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma > 5 cm","volume":"16","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30008","article-title":"Phase 2 study of stereotactic body radiotherapy and optional transarterial chemoembolization for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma not amenable to resection and radiofrequency ablation","volume":"122","author":"Takeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24128","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for small primary or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in 132 Chinese patients","volume":"113","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rru130","article-title":"Survival outcomes after stereotactic body radiotherapy for 79 Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"56","author":"Yamashita","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.04.016","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal assessment of quality of life for liver cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy","volume":"93","author":"Klein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2013.820342","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective outcome analysis in 185 patients","volume":"53","author":"Sanuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.1659","article-title":"Sequential phase I and II trials of stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"31","author":"Bujold","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.05.002","article-title":"Outcomes following definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with Child-Pugh B or C hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"111","author":"Culleton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.03.003","article-title":"The normal tissue complication probability model-based approach considering uncertainties for the selective use of radiation modality in primary liver cancer patients","volume":"135","author":"Prayongrat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11020230","article-title":"Does risk-adapted proton beam therapy have a role as a complementary or alternative therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma?","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.02.032","article-title":"Predictors of radiation-induced liver disease in eastern and western patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing proton beam therapy","volume":"105","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.03.004","article-title":"Analysis of repeated proton beam therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"123","author":"Oshiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13145","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of proton beam therapy in patients with previously untreated hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"108","author":"Fukuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2015.076","article-title":"Do biliary complications after hypofractionated radiation therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma matter?","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-11","article-title":"Dosimetric parameter predicting the deterioration of hepatic function after helical tomotherapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Son","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.07.015","article-title":"Proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparison of three treatment protocols","volume":"81","author":"Mizumoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.2710","article-title":"Multi-institutional phase II study of high-dose hypofractionated proton beam therapy in patients with localized, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.11.033","article-title":"Charged particle therapy versus photon therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Qi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318074de34","article-title":"Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HypoFXSRT) for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: updated results of 257 patients in a Japanese multi-institutional study","volume":"2","author":"Onishi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-0969-2","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver metastasis \u2013 clinical outcomes from the international multi-institutional RSSearch\u00ae Patient Registry","volume":"13","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib90","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy fractionation for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Sheth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.12.288","article-title":"Local control after stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumors","volume":"110","author":"Ohri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01778-6","article-title":"Optimal stereotactic body radiotherapy dosage for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study","volume":"16","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30034-6","article-title":"MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy for liver tumours: visualising the future","volume":"21","author":"Witt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib94","article-title":"Real-time magnetic resonance-guided liver stereotactic body radiation therapy: an institutional report using a magnetic resonance-linac system","volume":"11","author":"Feldman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2018.08.005","article-title":"A multi-institutional experience of MR-guided liver stereotactic body radiation therapy","volume":"4","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610637","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.610637","article-title":"Magnetic resonance-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy of liver tumors: initial clinical experience and patient-reported outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Weykamp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071523","article-title":"Feasibility and early clinical experience of online adaptive MR-guided radiotherapy of liver tumors","volume":"13","author":"Rogowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03480-8","article-title":"MRI-guided stereotactic radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a feasible and safe innovative treatment approach","volume":"147","author":"Boldrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2017.01.005","article-title":"Functional image-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy planning for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Tsegmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Dosim"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2013.08.006","article-title":"A technique using 99mTc-mebrofenin SPECT for radiotherapy treatment planning for liver cancers or metastases","volume":"39","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Dosim"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.07.007","article-title":"Functional liver-image guided hepatic therapy (FLIGHT): a technique to maximize hepatic functional reserve","volume":"45","author":"Furukawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Dosim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569435","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.569435","article-title":"Utility of radiomics for predicting patient survival in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655522001054?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655522001054?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T15:51:37Z","timestamp":1760543497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0936655522001054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0936655522001054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-6555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6555","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hypofractionation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma \u2013 The Effect of Fractionation Size","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2022.02.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal College of Radiologists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}