{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:35:26Z","timestamp":1792798526012,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","clinicaloncologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T15:49:54Z","timestamp":1719416994000},"page":"562-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Paediatric Anatomical Models in Radiotherapy Applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8910-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.","family":"Apte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ghose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2473-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.A.","family":"Linares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Adeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Rassy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2512-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Boussios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196801)21:1<58::AID-CNCR2820210110>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic adjuvants. A review","volume":"21","author":"Vermund","year":"1968","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12750","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of radiotherapy-induced side effects","volume":"14","author":"Barazzuol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061533","article-title":"Modern Radiotherapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors","volume":"12","author":"DeNunzio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-002-0681-z","article-title":"Pediatric phantoms","volume":"32","author":"Varchena","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib5","article-title":"The different dose-volume effects of normal tissue complication probability using LASSO for acute small-bowel toxicity during radiotherapy in gynecological patients with or without prior abdominal surgery","volume":"2014","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645320915031","article-title":"ICRP Publication 143: Paediatric Reference Computational Phantoms","volume":"49","author":"Bolch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib7","first-page":"3","article-title":"Adult Reference Computational Phantoms. ICRP Publication 110","volume":"39","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4864238","article-title":"A\u00a0set of 4D pediatric XCAT reference phantoms for multimodality research","volume":"41","author":"Norris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4926847","article-title":"The development of a population of 4D pediatric XCAT phantoms for imaging research and optimization","volume":"42","author":"Segars","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abf010","article-title":"Atlas construction and spatial normalisation to facilitate radiation-induced late effects research in childhood cancer","volume":"66","author":"Veiga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib11","series-title":"Encyclopedia of bioinformatics and computational biology","first-page":"993","article-title":"Bioimage Informatics","author":"Malek","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib12","unstructured":"Veiga C. Welcome to the Radiotherapy Paediatric Atlas (RT-PAL) Project Page. [cited 2022 April 11]. Available from: https:\/\/cmic-rt.github.io\/RT-PAL\/."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib13","first-page":"5","article-title":"Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. A report of age- and gender-related differences in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of reference individuals. ICRP Publication 89","volume":"32","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib14","series-title":"Report of the task group on reference man ICRP Publication 23","year":"1975"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410040410","article-title":"Changes in brain weights during the span of human life: relation of brain weights to body heights and body weights","volume":"4","author":"Dekaban","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e443","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002625","article-title":"Association of Gallbladder Volume and Wall Thickness With Acute Appendicitis in Pediatric Patients","volume":"38","author":"Yalcin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib17","first-page":"55","article-title":"Body Length and Organ Weights of Infants and Children: A Study of the Body Length and Normal Weights of the More Important Vital Organs of the Body between Birth and Twelve Years of Age","volume":"9","author":"Coppoletta","year":"1933","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000174","article-title":"Normal Organ Weights in Women: Part I-The Heart","volume":"36","author":"Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31823d298b","article-title":"Normal organ weights in men: part I-the heart","volume":"33","author":"Molina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6846","DOI":"10.3390\/s21206846","article-title":"Advanced Kidney Volume Measurement Method Using Ultrasonography with Artificial Intelligence-Based Hybrid Learning in Children","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12198","article-title":"A\u00a0formula to calculate the standard liver volume in children and its application in pediatric liver transplantation","volume":"26","author":"Herden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000175","article-title":"Normal Organ Weights in Women: Part II-The Brain, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys","volume":"36","author":"Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31823d29ad","article-title":"Normal organ weights in men: part II-the brain, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys","volume":"33","author":"Molina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-017-0335-0","article-title":"Evaluation of tongue volume and oral cavity capacity using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"106","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00401-1","article-title":"Organ weight in 684 adult autopsies: new tables for a Caucasoid population","volume":"119","author":"de la Grandmaison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.005","article-title":"Normal Values of Spleen Length and Volume: An Ultrasonographic Study in Children","volume":"42","author":"Nemati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib27","first-page":"395","article-title":"Some graphs and tables illustrating the growth of the human stomach","volume":"17","author":"Scammon","year":"1919","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-2-260","article-title":"The determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound and its relationship to body weight, age, and sex in normal subjects","volume":"56","author":"Heged\u00fcs","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib29","unstructured":"Royal Marsden Patient Information Library. [cited 2022 Apr 19]. Craniospinal radiotherapy. Available from: https:\/\/patientinfolibrary.royalmarsden.nhs.uk\/craniospinal-radiotherapy."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/8\/001","article-title":"Stray radiation dose and second cancer risk for a pediatric patient receiving craniospinal irradiation with proton beams","volume":"54","author":"Taddei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib31","unstructured":"Cleveland Clinic. Digestive System. [cited 2022 Apr 19]. Available from: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/body\/7041-digestive-system."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib32","first-page":"78","article-title":"Splenomegaly in 2,505 patients in a large university medical center from 1913 to 1995. 1913 to 1962: 2,056 patients","volume":"169","author":"O\u2019Reilly","year":"1998","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S150968","article-title":"Increase in spleen volume as a predictor of oxaliplatin toxicity","volume":"14","author":"El Chediak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1189-5","article-title":"Volumetric decrease of pancreas after abdominal irradiation, it is time to consider pancreas as an organ at risk for radiotherapy planning","volume":"13","author":"Gemici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13115","article-title":"Pancreas volume and fat fraction in children with Type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Regnell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib36","unstructured":"Sriselvakumar S. Radiopaedia. Gallbladder. Radiopaedia.org. [cited 2023 Dec 28]. Available from: https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/gallbladder?lang=gb."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(86)80005-6","article-title":"Normal growth and techniques of growth assessment","volume":"15","author":"Tanner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)00656-6","article-title":"Radiation injury to the heart","volume":"31","author":"Stewart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02713907","article-title":"The pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung damage","volume":"159","author":"Gross","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2003.12.003","article-title":"Radiotherapy-induced thyroid disorders","volume":"30","author":"Jereczek-Fossa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment for primary hypothyroidism: current approaches and future possibilities","volume":"6","author":"Chakera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051_bib42","series-title":"Human growth and development","first-page":"287","article-title":"Chapter 11 - The Evolution of Human Growth","author":"Bogin","year":"2012"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.103691","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000}}],"container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655524002759?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655524002759?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T06:37:52Z","timestamp":1730097472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0936655524002759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0936655524002759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.103691","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0936-6555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6555","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Paediatric Anatomical Models in Radiotherapy Applications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2024.06.051","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal College of Radiologists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}