{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:17:50Z","timestamp":1780499870361,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR204931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR204931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012068","name":"Health and Care Research Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicaloncologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T10:27:40Z","timestamp":1762597660000},"page":"103971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Quality Assurance in Multi-Modality Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Clinical Trials: Past, Present and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Helbrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5466-6447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.E.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Vadhwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3915-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1299-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.G.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.D.","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7750-5320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Gwynne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.2.417","article-title":"Evaluation of the extent of lymphadenectomy in a randomized trial of Western- versus Japanese-type surgery in gastric cancer","volume":"12","author":"Bunt","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010187","article-title":"Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction","volume":"345","author":"Macdonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.07.039","article-title":"Multidisciplinary quality assurance and control in oncological trials: Perspectives from European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)","volume":"86","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-311308","article-title":"High hospital research participation and improved colorectal cancer survival outcomes: a population-based study","volume":"66","author":"Downing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1225-0","article-title":"Driving developments in UK oesophageal radiotherapy through the SCOPE trials","volume":"14","author":"Gwynne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2025.110875","article-title":"Clinical impact of radiotherapy quality assurance results in contemporary cancer trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"207","author":"Jomy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2024.01.017","article-title":"The National Radiotherapy Trials Quality Assurance Group - Driving up Quality in Clinical Research and Clinical Care","volume":"36","author":"Miles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2012.01.012","article-title":"Principles of cancer treatment by radiotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Gwynne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surgery (Oxford)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00625-3","article-title":"Radiotherapy trial quality assurance processes: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Brooks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib10","article-title":"Radiotherapy Quality Assurance in the SCOPE2 Trial: What Lessons can be Learned for the Next UK Trial in Oesophageal Cancer?","volume":"38","author":"Helbrow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.03.019","volume":"34","author":"Bridges","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.04.012","article-title":"Impact of deviations in target volume delineation - Time for a new RTQA approach?","volume":"137","author":"Cox","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.08.348","article-title":"Global harmonization of quality assurance naming conventions in radiation therapy clinical trials","volume":"90","author":"Melidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib14","series-title":"Protocol variations definitions","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.05.038","article-title":"Organ at risk delineation for radiation therapy clinical trials: Global Harmonization Group consensus guidelines","volume":"150","author":"Mir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(25)01113-2","article-title":"Contouring quality assurance for UK clinical trials \u2013 challenges and opportunities","volume":"206","author":"Satram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.01.094","article-title":"Toward semi-automated assessment of target volume delineation in radiotherapy trials: the SCOPE 1 pretrial test case","volume":"84","author":"Gwynne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.06.012","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for quality assurance in radiotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Simon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4418","article-title":"Trials in surgery","volume":"91","author":"Lilford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.04.052","article-title":"The European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer (EORTC) strategy for quality assurance in surgical clinical research: Assessment of the past and moving towards the future","volume":"42","author":"Tanis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.14494","article-title":"Characteristics of Randomized Clinical Trials in Surgery From 2008 to 2020: A Systematic Review","volume":"4","author":"Robinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9007","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90144-0","article-title":"Postoperative morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: preliminary results of the MRC randomised controlled surgical trial. The Surgical Cooperative Group","volume":"347","author":"Cuschieri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02732-7","article-title":"The IDEAL framework for surgical robotics: development, comparative evaluation and long-term monitoring","volume":"30","author":"Marcus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","article-title":"Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?","volume":"17","author":"Jadad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Control Clin Trial"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070147","article-title":"Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: a systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Olivo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0046","article-title":"CONSORT Statement for Randomized Trials of Nonpharmacologic Treatments: A 2017 Update and a CONSORT Extension for Nonpharmacologic Trial Abstracts","volume":"167","author":"Boutron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials","volume":"158","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198308000-00009","article-title":"The impact of surgical quality control in multi-institutional group trials involving adjuvant cancer treatments","volume":"198","author":"Balch","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9345","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial comparing survival after D1 or D2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer","volume":"101","author":"Degiuli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70419-X","article-title":"Assessment of the quality of surgery within randomised controlled trials for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal cancer: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Markar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3386-2","article-title":"ICORG 10-14: NEOadjuvant trial in Adenocarcinoma of the oEsophagus and oesophagoGastric junction International Study (Neo-AEGIS)","volume":"17","author":"Reynolds","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026209","article-title":"Protocol for developing quality assurance measures to use in surgical trials: an example from the ROMIO study","volume":"9","author":"Blencowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9808","article-title":"Systematic review of intervention design and delivery in pragmatic and explanatory surgical randomized clinical trials","volume":"102","author":"Blencowe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.109593","article-title":"A proposed framework of strategies to overcome challenges to surgical quality assurance in oncology trials (SQA-Onc.)","volume":"51","author":"Butterworth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10353-023-00825-8","article-title":"Quality assurance in surgery\u2014a moral obligation","volume":"56","author":"\u00d6fner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003850","article-title":"Development of a Reliable Surgical Quality Assurance System for 2-stage Esophagectomy in Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"275","author":"Harris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-024-01503-8","article-title":"Development of a reliable surgical quality assurance tool for gastrectomy in oncological trials","volume":"27","author":"Harris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2014.08.413","article-title":"423. ADDICT \u2013 A multicenter randomized clinical trial of D1+ versus D2 distal gastrectomy for stage IB & II advanced gastric cancer: Design and rationale","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10254","article-title":"Standardizing and monitoring the delivery of surgical interventions in randomized clinical trials","volume":"103","author":"Blencowe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5230\/jgc.2013.13.4.255","article-title":"Emerging Role of Robot-assisted Gastrectomy: Analysis of Consecutive 200 Cases","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001700","article-title":"From a Comic Opera to Surcare an Open Letter to Whom Clinical Research in Surgery Is a Concern: Announcing the Launch of SURCARE","volume":"264","author":"Evrard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2503701","article-title":"Perioperative Durvalumab in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer","volume":"393","author":"Janjigian","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.72352","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"1","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Pharmacother"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21022","article-title":"Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Reports: The CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 Extension","volume":"328","author":"Butcher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.07.039","article-title":"Multidisciplinary quality assurance and control in oncological trials: Perspectives from European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)","volume":"86","author":"de Balincourt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-015-1857-x","article-title":"Quality assurance in clinical trials--the role of pathology","volume":"468","author":"R\u00f6cken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaa038","article-title":"Variation in histopathological assessment and association with surgical quality indicators following oesophagectomy","volume":"108","author":"Pucher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doab033","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for the standardized histopathological evaluation and reporting after radical oesophago-gastrectomy (HERO consensus)","volume":"34","author":"Pucher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026","article-title":"New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1)","volume":"45","author":"Eisenhauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1084","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170457","article-title":"Immune-related tumour response assessment criteria: a comprehensive review","volume":"91","author":"Somarouthu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv369","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu342.23","article-title":"Adaptation of the Immune Related Response Criteria: Irrecist","volume":"25","author":"Bohnsack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib53","series-title":"#1018 Launching the PICCOS trial: PIPAC in cancers of the colon, ovary and stomach","author":"Jones","year":"2023"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib54","first-page":"A329","article-title":"#1018 Launching the PICCOS trial: PIPAC in cancers of the colon, ovary and stomach","volume":"33","author":"Fleur Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102059","volume":"61","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib56","series-title":"Radiotherapy dose fractionation","author":"Radiologists","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2019.10.004","article-title":"Radiotherapy Trial Set-up in the UK: Identifying Inefficiencies and Potential Solutions","volume":"32","author":"Hanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.04.015","article-title":"Outcome impact and cost-effectiveness of quality assurance for radiotherapy planned for the EORTC 22071-24071 prospective study for head and neck cancer","volume":"111","author":"Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"R2","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib59","volume":"E6","year":"2016","journal-title":"ICH Guidel Good Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1055","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150251","article-title":"Radiotherapy dosimetry audit: three decades of improving standards and accuracy in UK clinical practice and trials","volume":"88","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2017.01.045","article-title":"Evaluating Target Volume Delineation in the Era of Precision Radiotherapy: FRCR, Revalidation and Beyond","volume":"29","author":"Gwynne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1515\/raon-2016-0023","article-title":"Uncertainties in target volume delineation in radiotherapy - are they relevant and what can we do about them?","volume":"50","author":"Segedin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"issue":"1024","key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20120398","article-title":"Improving radiotherapy quality assurance in clinical trials: assessment of target volume delineation of the pre-accrual benchmark case","volume":"86","author":"Gwynne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655525002262?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655525002262?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:38:53Z","timestamp":1777592333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0936655525002262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0936655525002262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971","relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-6555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6555","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quality Assurance in Multi-Modality Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Clinical Trials: Past, Present and Future Perspectives","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2025.103971","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103971"}}