{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:33:38Z","timestamp":1777131218575,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicaloncologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T23:09:54Z","timestamp":1772320194000},"page":"104099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Baseline Neurocognitive Functioning in Children\/Teenagers and Young Adults Treated for Central Nervous System Malignancies Prior to Proton Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3766-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Gaito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8794-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"France","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0367-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Sitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4886-4329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Whitfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Aznar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8868-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib1","series-title":"Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancer","author":"Asselin","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.0421","article-title":"Outcomes for children and adolescents with cancer: Challenges for the twenty-first century","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28748","article-title":"Declining childhood and adolescent cancer mortality","volume":"120","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.07.002","article-title":"Late Effects in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Early Studies, Survivor Cohorts, and Significant Contributions to the Field of Late Effects","volume":"67","author":"Norsker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/children8121125","article-title":"Educational pain points for pediatric brain tumor survivors: Review of risks and remedies","volume":"8","author":"Stavinoha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2009.10.005","article-title":"Risk factors for cognitive decline in children treated for brain tumors","volume":"14","author":"Duffner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatric Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering5030073","article-title":"Neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes in pediatric brain tumor survivors","volume":"5","author":"Stavinoha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880201)61:3<428::AID-CNCR2820610304>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Brain tumors in the very young child: Postoperative chemotherapy in combined-modality treatment","volume":"61","author":"Horowitz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00165184","article-title":"MOPP regimen as primary chemotherapy for brain tumors in infants","volume":"3","author":"van Eys","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24425","article-title":"Children\u2019s Oncology Group\u2019s 2013 blueprint for research: Radiation oncology","volume":"60","author":"Merchant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2217\/cns.14.16","article-title":"Proton therapy for the treatment of children with CNS malignancies","volume":"3","author":"Sreeraman","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.03.012","article-title":"Estimated IQ Systematically Underestimates Neurocognitive Sequelae in Irradiated Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors","volume":"101","author":"Burgess","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz070","article-title":"Improved neuropsychological outcomes following proton therapy relative to X-ray therapy for pediatric brain tumor patients","volume":"21","author":"Gross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01706","article-title":"Superior intellectual outcomes after proton radiotherapy compared with photon radiotherapy for pediatric medulloblastoma","volume":"38","author":"Kahalley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.1383","article-title":"Comparing intelligence quotient change after treatment with proton versus photon radiation therapy for pediatric brain tumors","volume":"34","author":"Kahalley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib16","series-title":"Handbook of normative data for neuropsychological assessment","author":"Bishop","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib17","series-title":"Essentials of WPPSI-IV assessment","author":"Raiford","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib18","series-title":"Essentials of WISC-V assessment","author":"Flanagan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29125","article-title":"Long-term cognitive and academic outcomes among pediatric brain tumor survivors treated with proton versus photon radiotherapy","volume":"68","author":"Child","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91280-6_1886","article-title":"Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration","author":"Spencer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Encyclopedia Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04554-y","article-title":"Brain charts for the human lifespan","volume":"604","author":"Bethlehem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2020.1722244","article-title":"American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology consensus conference statement on uniform labeling of performance test scores","volume":"34","author":"Guilmette","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2021.09.010","article-title":"A Novel Model and Infrastructure for Clinical Outcomes Data Collection and Their Systematic Evaluation for UK Patients Receiving Proton Beam Therapy","volume":"34","author":"Hwang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.690649","article-title":"Editorial: Modeling for Prediction of Radiation-Induced Toxicity to Improve Therapeutic Ratio in the Modern Radiation Therapy Era","volume":"11","author":"Rancati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.05.007","article-title":"Selection of patients for radiotherapy with protons aiming at reduction of side effects: The model-based approach","volume":"107","author":"Langendijk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2021.12.015","article-title":"Normal Tissue Complication Probability Modelling for Toxicity Prediction and Patient Selection in Proton Beam Therapy to the Central Nervous System: A Literature Review","volume":"34","author":"Gaito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099_bib27","article-title":"A prospective behavioral and imaging study exploring the impact on long-term memory of radiotherapy delivered for a brain tumor in childhood and adolescence","volume":"33","author":"Baudou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655526000701?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0936655526000701?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T14:34:24Z","timestamp":1777127664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0936655526000701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S0936655526000701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-6555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6555","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Baseline Neurocognitive Functioning in Children\/Teenagers and Young Adults Treated for Central Nervous System Malignancies Prior to Proton Therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2026.104099","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal College of Radiologists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104099"}}