{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:37:39Z","timestamp":1769632659210,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Perinatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T19:49:29Z","timestamp":1481572169000},"page":"529-545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Controversy: Antenatal Steroids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ronald","family":"Wapner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Jobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb01711.x","article-title":"The effects of corticosteroid administration before preterm delivery: an overview of the evidence from controlled trials","volume":"97","author":"Crowley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520290065031","article-title":"NIH, Consensus development panel on the effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes","volume":"273","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids revisited: repeat courses","volume":"17","year":"2000","journal-title":"NIH Consens Statement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004454.pub2","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub2","article-title":"Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"4","author":"Brownfoot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003935.pub2","article-title":"Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for preventing neonatal respiratory disease","volume":"3","author":"Crowther","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.4.515","article-title":"A\u00a0controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of RDS in premature infants","volume":"50","author":"Liggins","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9224","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02463-6","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of non-genomic glucocorticoid activity","volume":"356","author":"Lipworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00090-8","article-title":"Equivalent doses and relative drug potencies for non-genomic glucocorticoid effects: a novel glucocorticoid hierarchy","volume":"58","author":"Buttgereit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200301000-00017","article-title":"A\u00a0placebo-controlled comparison of effects of repetitive doses of betamethasone and dexamethasone on lung maturation and lung, liver, and body weights of mouse pups","volume":"53","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(96)00024-X","article-title":"Differential effects of betamethasone and dexamethasone fetal administration of parturition in sheep","volume":"3","author":"Derks","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10206.x","article-title":"Effect of dexamethasone and betamethasone on fetal heart rate variability in preterm labour: a randomised study","volume":"105","author":"Senat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0412.1999.780604.x","article-title":"The effect of betamethasone and dexamethasone on fetal heart rate patterns and biophysical activities. A prospective randomized trial","volume":"78","author":"Rotmensch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.136","article-title":"Immediate and delayed effects of antenatal corticosteroids on fetal heart rate: a randomized trial that compares betamethasone acetate and phosphate, betamethasone phosphate, and dexamethasone","volume":"188","author":"Subtil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90210-4","article-title":"Scientific basis and therapeutic regimens for use of antenatal glucocorticoids","volume":"173","author":"Ballard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib16","series-title":"Modern perinatal medicine","first-page":"415","article-title":"Prevention of respiratory distress syndrome by maternal steroid therapy","author":"Liggins","year":"1974"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.07.014","article-title":"Betamethasone dose and formulation for induced lung maturation in fetal sheep","volume":"201","author":"Jobe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.105.004309","article-title":"Betamethasone pharmacokinetics after two prodrug formulations in sheep: implications for antenatal corticosteroid use","volume":"33","author":"Samtani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib19","first-page":"R1972","article-title":"Preterm newborn lamb renal and cardiovascular responses after fetal or maternal antenatal betamethasone","volume":"272","author":"Berry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.09.033","article-title":"Dose-response effects of betamethasone on maturation of the fetal sheep lung","volume":"202","author":"Loehle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.2.313","article-title":"Effects of three courses of maternally administered dexamethasone at 0.7, 0.75, and 0.8 of gestation on prenatal and postnatal growth in sheep","volume":"113","author":"Kutzler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.61","article-title":"Differential effects of maternal betamethasone and cortisol on lung maturation and growth in fetal sheep","volume":"188","author":"Jobe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib23","first-page":"523","article-title":"Betamethasone for lung maturation: testing dose and formulation in fetal sheep","volume":"97","author":"Jobe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.5.1116","article-title":"Fetal versus maternal and gestational age effects of repetitive antenatal glucocorticoids","volume":"102","author":"Jobe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70116-4","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, controlled trial of oral and intramuscular dexamethasone in the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"179","author":"Egerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000268281.36788.81","article-title":"Antenatal betamethasone compared with dexamethasone (betacode trial): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Elimian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910143411604","article-title":"Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment and cystic periventricular leukomalacia in very premature infants","volume":"341","author":"Baud","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1749","article-title":"Adverse neonatal outcomes associated with antenatal dexamethasone versus antenatal betamethasone","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.07.010","article-title":"Betamethasone vs dexamethasone for the prevention of morbidity in very-low-birthweight neonates","volume":"197","author":"Feldman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262509","article-title":"Effects of antenatal corticosteroids given prior to 26 weeks\u2019 gestation: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"28","author":"Onland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91691-3","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, placebo-controlled trial of betamethasone for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome at 24 to 28 weeks\u2019 gestation","volume":"166","author":"Garite","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-4-678","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones stimulate biochemical and morphological differentiation of human fetal lung in organ culture","volume":"62","author":"Gonzales","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(84)80177-5","article-title":"Triamcinolone-induced structural alterations in the development of the lung of the fetal rhesus macaque","volume":"148","author":"Bunton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.4.659","article-title":"The EPICure study: outcomes to discharge from hospital for infants born at the threshold of viability","volume":"106","author":"Costeloe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318169ce2d","article-title":"Effect of antenatal corticosteroids on survival for neonates born at 23 weeks of gestation","volume":"111","author":"Hayes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.12.039","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids promote survival of extremely preterm infants born at 22\u201323 weeks of gestation","volume":"159","author":"Mori","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.01.009","article-title":"Changes in the gestational age distribution among U.S. singleton births: impact on rates of late preterm birth, 1992 to 2002","volume":"30","author":"Davidoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1015","article-title":"Respiratory morbidity in late preterm births","volume":"304","author":"Hibbard","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31816499f4","article-title":"Late-preterm birth: does the changing obstetric paradigm alter the epidemiology of respiratory complications?","volume":"111","author":"Yoder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1981.tb06228.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and classification of acute, neonatal respiratory disorders. A prospective study","volume":"70","author":"Hjalmarson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10298.x","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of the increased risk of disturbed neonatal respiratory adaptation after caesarean section","volume":"75","author":"Krantz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1987.15.2.153","article-title":"Low Apgar score as a risk factor for respiratory disturbances in the newborn infant","volume":"15","author":"Wennergen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a26.x","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnoea in newborn infants. Italian Group of Neonatal Pneumology","volume":"14","author":"Dani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb00949.x","article-title":"Acute neonatal respiratory distress in Italy: a one-year prospective study. Italian Group of Neonatal Pneumology","volume":"87","author":"Rubaltelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211242","article-title":"The epidemiology of respiratory failure in neonates born at an estimated gestational age of 34 weeks or more","volume":"25","author":"Clark","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.372","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of near-term infants","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2006.09.006","article-title":"Hypoxic respiratory failure in the late preterm infant","volume":"33","author":"Dudell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.7.2012126","article-title":"Epidemiology of neonatal respiratory failure in the United States: projections from California and New York","volume":"164","author":"Angus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.01.006","article-title":"Physiology of fetal lung fluid clearance and the effect of labor","volume":"30","author":"Jain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib50","first-page":"L30","article-title":"Lung epithelial ion transport and fluid movement during the perinatal period","volume":"259","author":"Bland","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30038-1","article-title":"Alveolar fluid clearance in developing lungs and its role in neonatal transition","volume":"26","author":"Jain","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L646","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2001.280.4.L646","article-title":"Expression of highly selective sodium channels in alveolar type II cells is determined by culture conditions","volume":"280","author":"Jain","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib53","first-page":"L227","article-title":"Glucocorticoid regulation of epithelial sodium channel genes in human fetal lung","volume":"273","author":"Venkatesh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1022470","article-title":"Incidence of respiratory disorders in neonates born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation following exposure to antenatal corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation","volume":"25","author":"Ventolini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.039974","article-title":"Rehospitalisation after birth hospitalisation: patterns among infants of all gestations","volume":"90","author":"Escobar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.049","article-title":"Characterization of corticosteroid redosing in an in\u00a0vitro cell line model","volume":"191","author":"Vidaeff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib57","first-page":"491","article-title":"Is betamethasone effective longer than 7 days after treatment?","volume":"97","author":"Vermillion","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.055","article-title":"The effects of the time interval from antenatal corticosteroid exposure to delivery on neonatal outcome of very low birth weight infants","volume":"191","author":"Sehdev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.12.018","article-title":"The effect of a prolonged time interval between antenatal corticosteroid administration and delivery on outcomes in preterm neonates: a cohort study","volume":"196","author":"Ring","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib60","first-page":"144","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids revisited: repeat courses\u2013National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement, August 17\u201318, 2000","volume":"98","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.03.087","article-title":"Single versus weekly courses of antenatal corticosteroids: evaluation of safety and efficacy","volume":"195","author":"Wapner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071453","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after repeat doses of antenatal corticosteroids","volume":"357","author":"Wapner","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.06.041","article-title":"The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network Beneficial Effects of Antenatal Repeated Steroids study: impact of repeated doses of antenatal corticosteroids on placental growth and histologic findings","volume":"197","author":"Sawady","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071152","article-title":"Outcomes at 2 years of age after repeat doses of antenatal corticosteroids","volume":"357","author":"Crowther","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9656","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61929-7","article-title":"Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids for preterm birth (MACS): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200111000-00008","article-title":"The effects of repeated antenatal glucocorticoid therapy on the developing brain","volume":"50","author":"Modi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0004-8666.2002.00353.x","article-title":"Who remains undelivered more than seven days after a single course of prenatal corticosteroids and gives birth at less than 34 weeks?","volume":"42","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.01.021","article-title":"Impact of a \u2018rescue course\u2019 of antenatal corticosteroids: a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"200","author":"Garite","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2002","volume":"52","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2009.00970.x","article-title":"The effect of single or multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroid therapy on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in singleton versus twin pregnancies","volume":"49","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.10.604","article-title":"Plurality-dependent risk of respiratory distress syndrome among very-low-birth-weight infants and antepartum corticosteroid treatment","volume":"192","author":"Blickstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2002.120250","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of betamethasone in twin and singleton pregnancy","volume":"71","author":"Ballabh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.04.047","article-title":"The effect of plurality and obesity on betamethasone concentrations in women at risk for preterm delivery","volume":"203","author":"Gyamfi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123891","article-title":"Cohort study of the neonatal outcome of twin pregnancies that were treated with prophylactic or rescue antenatal corticosteroids","volume":"187","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7635","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39405.539282.BE","article-title":"Risk of respiratory morbidity in term infants delivered by elective caesarean section: cohort study","volume":"336","author":"Hansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340601159256","article-title":"Elective caesarean section and respiratory morbidity in the term and near-term neonate","volume":"86","author":"Hansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.005","article-title":"Planned cesarean versus planned vaginal delivery at term: comparison of newborn infant outcomes","volume":"195","author":"Kolas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803267","article-title":"Timing of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term and neonatal outcomes","volume":"360","author":"Tita","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7518","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38547.416493.06","article-title":"Antenatal betamethasone and incidence of neonatal respiratory distress after elective caesarean section: pragmatic randomised trial","volume":"331","author":"Stutchfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90223-6","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of antenatal corticosteroid for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome: discussion","volume":"173","author":"Sinclair","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.108331","article-title":"Do antenatal corticosteroids help in the setting of preterm rupture of membranes?","volume":"184","author":"Harding","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib82","first-page":"333","article-title":"Histologic chorioamnionitis, antenatal steroids, and perinatal outcomes","volume":"96","author":"Elimian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.033","article-title":"The Alabama preterm birth study: corticosteroids and neonatal outcomes in 23- to 32-week newborns with various markers of intrauterine infection","volume":"195","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003056","article-title":"Microbial prevalence, diversity and abundance in amniotic fluid during preterm labor: a molecular and culture-based investigation","volume":"3","author":"DiGiulio","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.083121","article-title":"The severity of chorioamnionitis in pregnant sheep is associated with in\u00a0vivo variation of the surface-exposed multiple-banded antigen\/gene of Ureaplasma parvum","volume":"83","author":"Knox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L633","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00344.2002","article-title":"Maternal glucocorticoids increase endotoxin-induced lung inflammation in preterm lambs","volume":"284","author":"Kallapur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"9463","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71088-6","article-title":"Evidence-based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save?","volume":"365","author":"Darmstadt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61461-4","article-title":"Causes of neonatal and child mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey","volume":"376","author":"Bassani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.02.065","article-title":"The effects of a preterm labor episode prior to 34 weeks are evident in late preterm outcomes, despite the administration of betamethasone","volume":"203","author":"Bastek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095510811000649?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095510811000649?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T23:19:44Z","timestamp":1658013584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0095510811000649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0095510811000649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-5108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-5108","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}