{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:46:42Z","timestamp":1792176402279,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Perinatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T07:45:25Z","timestamp":1374047125000},"page":"509-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome from Opioids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kendra","family":"Grim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy E.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Wilder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834fdc3a","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Jansson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3951","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome and associated health care expenditures: United States, 2000-2009","volume":"307","author":"Patrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162201001219","article-title":"Developmental outcome of school-age children born to mothers with heroin dependency: importance of environmental factors","volume":"43","author":"Ornoy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S63","article-title":"Therapeutic opioids: a ten-year perspective on the complexities and complications of the escalating use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids","volume":"11","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib5","first-page":"A3","article-title":"Pain pills\u2019 littlest victims","author":"Campo-Flores","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2009.0006","article-title":"The opioid-exposed newborn: assessment and pharmacologic management","volume":"5","author":"Jansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Opioid Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e540","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3212","article-title":"Neonatal drug withdrawal","volume":"129","author":"Hudak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2007.01.004","article-title":"Managing drug withdrawal in the newborn infant","volume":"12","author":"Kuschel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.088","article-title":"Predicting length of treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome in methadone-exposed neonates","volume":"199","author":"Seligman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03120.x","article-title":"Methadone dose and neonatal abstinence syndrome-systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Cleary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.03.033","article-title":"Relationship between maternal methadone dose at delivery and neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"157","author":"Seligman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.11.007","article-title":"Higher maternal doses of methadone does not increase neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Pizarro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2010.01174.x","article-title":"Is neonatal abstinence syndrome related to the amount of opiate used?","volume":"39","author":"Thajam","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02387-6","article-title":"Relationship between maternal methadone dosage and neonatal withdrawal","volume":"100","author":"Dashe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.66","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal factors impacting response to methadone therapy in infants treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Isemann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2010.01168.x","article-title":"Perinatal risk factors for the neonatal abstinence syndrome in infants born to women on methadone maintenance therapy","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03097.x","article-title":"Prenatal methadone exposure, meconium biomarker concentrations and neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Gray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2007.00994.x","article-title":"Management of the newborn infant affected by maternal opiates and other drugs of dependency","volume":"43","author":"Oei","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.024","article-title":"Management of neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates born to opioid maintained women","volume":"87","author":"Ebner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-008-0107-5","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Serane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-200203000-00008","article-title":"Treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome with breast milk containing methadone","volume":"15","author":"Ballard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-53099","article-title":"Myocardial ischemia as a result of severe benzodiazepine and opioid withdrawal","volume":"43","author":"Biswas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.015","article-title":"Gender and NAS: does sex matter?","volume":"112","author":"Holbrook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2011.10.001","article-title":"Are male neonates more vulnerable to neonatal abstinence syndrome than female neonates?","volume":"8","author":"Unger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gend Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80622-6","article-title":"Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide of infants following chronic prenatal methadone exposure","volume":"96","author":"Olsen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib26","first-page":"19","article-title":"Assessment and treatment of abstinence in the infant of the drug-dependent mother","volume":"12","author":"Finnegan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib27","first-page":"198","article-title":"The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale: a comprehensive instrument to assess substance-exposed and high-risk infants","volume":"166","author":"Tronick","year":"1996","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005359","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome after methadone or buprenorphine exposure","volume":"363","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31818c8328","article-title":"The Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 (WAT-1): an assessment instrument for monitoring opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms in pediatric patients","volume":"9","author":"Franck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.10.003","article-title":"Validity and generalizability of the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 (WAT-1) for monitoring iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in pediatric patients","volume":"153","author":"Franck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1487-3","article-title":"Construction of the Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms-scale (SOS) for critically ill children","volume":"35","author":"Ista","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.006","article-title":"Infant pupillary response to methadone administration during treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome: a feasibility study","volume":"126","author":"Heil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802255488","article-title":"Serotonin reuptake inhibitor use in pregnancy and the neonatal behavioral syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Jordan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.07.001","article-title":"Therapy of the neonatal abstinence syndrome with tincture of opium or morphine drops","volume":"77","author":"Langenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib35","first-page":"113","article-title":"The opioid dependent mother and newborn dyad: non-pharmacologic care","volume":"2","author":"Velez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2002.tb02883.x","article-title":"Hyperphagia, weight gain and neonatal drug withdrawal","volume":"91","author":"Shephard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e318225a30c","article-title":"The impact of infant feeding method on neonatal abstinence scores of methadone-exposed infants","volume":"11","author":"McQueen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007133430208","article-title":"Drug therapy for breast-feeding women","volume":"343","author":"Ito","year":"2000","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2010.0060","article-title":"Estimated infant exposure to enantiomer-specific methadone levels in breastmilk","volume":"6","author":"Bogen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2009.0079","article-title":"Breastfeeding rates among mothers of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Wachman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00510.x","article-title":"Methadone maintenance program in pregnancy in a Swiss perinatal center (II): neonatal outcome and social resources","volume":"84","author":"Arlettaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F214","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.178723","article-title":"Postnatal weight loss in substitute methadone-exposed infants: implications for the management of breast feeding. Archives of disease in childhood","volume":"97","author":"Dryden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adnc.2005.06.003","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective study of length of hospital stay in infants treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome with methadone versus oral morphine preparations","volume":"5","author":"Lainwala","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.07.006","article-title":"Pharmacologic management of the opioid neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Kraft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03170.x","article-title":"Revised dose schema of sublingual buprenorphine in the treatment of the neonatal opioid abstinence syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Kraft","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib46","article-title":"Sedatives for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants","author":"Osborn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211427","article-title":"Management of neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonatal intensive care units: a national survey","volume":"26","author":"Sarkar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.123099","article-title":"Diluted tincture of opium (DTO) and phenobarbital versus DTO alone for neonatal opiate withdrawal in term infants","volume":"140","author":"Coyle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.01.005","article-title":"Long-term effects of diazepam and phenobarbital treatment during development on GABA receptors, transporters and glutamic acid decarboxylase","volume":"132","author":"Raol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e849","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0978","article-title":"Clonidine as an adjunct therapy to opioids for neonatal abstinence syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Agthe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198111193052114","article-title":"Clonidine in neonatal narcotic-abstinence syndrome","volume":"305","author":"Hoder","year":"1981","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650902980019","article-title":"Use of clonidine in the prevention and management of neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Leikin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M758","article-title":"Treatment of neonatal withdrawal with clonidine after long-term, high-dose maternal use of tramadol","volume":"44","author":"O'Mara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2012.09.002","article-title":"Novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies for treatment of opioid-induced neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"18","author":"McLemore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F153","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.066431","article-title":"Neonatal effects of exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy. Archives of disease in childhood","volume":"91","author":"Bot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02802.x","article-title":"Finnegan neonatal abstinence scoring system: normal values for first 3 days and weeks 5-6 in non-addicted infants","volume":"105","author":"Zimmermann-Baer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095510813000596?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095510813000596?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T12:36:27Z","timestamp":1646138187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0095510813000596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0095510813000596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-5108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-5108","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}}}