{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:32:10Z","timestamp":1787697130940,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":358,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Perinatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T17:11:01Z","timestamp":1642785061000},"page":"103-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pulmonary Vasodilator Therapy in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Megha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Callan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Ganesh","family":"Konduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20161165","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1165","article-title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in late preterm and term infants in California","volume":"139","author":"Steurer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.3.559","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of early versus standard inhaled nitric oxide therapy in term and near-term newborn infants with hypoxic respiratory failure","volume":"113","author":"Konduri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.5.1068","article-title":"Role of the pulmonary circulation in the distribution of human fetal cardiac output during the second half of pregnancy","volume":"94","author":"Rasanen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00032.2009","article-title":"Regulation of the pulmonary circulation in the fetus and newborn","volume":"90","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2004.11.009","article-title":"Developmental biology of the pulmonary circulation","volume":"6","author":"Hislop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib6","first-page":"H1921","article-title":"Role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor during transition of pulmonary circulation at birth","volume":"259","author":"Abman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1600","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00245.2002","article-title":"Role of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP release in mediating birth-related pulmonary vasodilation in fetal lambs","volume":"283","author":"Konduri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib8","first-page":"H2377","article-title":"Purine nucleotides contribute to pulmonary vasodilation caused by birth-related stimuli in the ovine fetus","volume":"272","author":"Konduri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12097","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192209799","article-title":"Revisiting the kinetics of nitric oxide (NO) binding to soluble guanylate cyclase: the simple NO-binding model is incorrect","volume":"99","author":"Ballou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib10","first-page":"L400","article-title":"Pulmonary soluble guanylate cyclase, a nitric oxide receptor, is increased during the perinatal period","volume":"272","author":"Bloch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-002-0494-z","article-title":"Paracrine role of soluble guanylate cyclase and type III nitric oxide synthase in ovine fetal pulmonary circulation: a double labeling immunohistochemical study","volume":"119","author":"Tzao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.06.183","article-title":"High lung PDE5: a strong basis for treating pulmonary hypertension with PDE5 inhibitors","volume":"334","author":"Corbin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L40","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00392.2014","article-title":"Decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and function contribute to impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress in fetal lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"310","author":"Afolayan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib14","first-page":"L1005","article-title":"Pulmonary endothelial NO synthase gene expression is decreased in fetal lambs with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"272","author":"Shaul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib15","first-page":"L1013","article-title":"Chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the ovine fetus","volume":"272","author":"Villamor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199809000-00012","article-title":"Decreased gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"44","author":"Villanueva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.209","article-title":"Altered prostanoid metabolism contributes to impaired angiogenesis in persistent pulmonary hypertension in a fetal lamb model","volume":"77","author":"Mahajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000079153","article-title":"Endothelin B receptor blockade attenuates pulmonary vasodilation in oxygen-ventilated fetal lambs","volume":"86","author":"Ivy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib19","first-page":"L101","article-title":"Overexpression of endothelin-1 and enhanced growth of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from fawn-hooded rats","volume":"270","author":"Zamora","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S328","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199322008-00086","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent contractions to endothelin in the rat aorta are mediated by thromboxane A2","volume":"22","author":"Taddei","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81552-5","article-title":"Elevated immunoreactive endothelin-1 levels in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"123","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.08.010","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension and vascular abnormalities in bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"42","author":"Mourani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.07.035","article-title":"The impact of pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia through 1 year","volume":"203","author":"Lagatta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0993-4","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"89","author":"Hansmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181bab0c7","article-title":"Oxygen concentration and pulmonary hemodynamics in newborn lambs with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"66","author":"Lakshminrusimha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib26","first-page":"CD000399","article-title":"Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term","volume":"1","author":"Barrington","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702273360902","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group","volume":"336","author":"Roberts","year":"1997","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002173420704","article-title":"Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Clinical Inhaled Nitric Oxide Research Group","volume":"342","author":"Clark","year":"2000","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702273360901","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in full-term and nearly full-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure","volume":"336","year":"1997","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.83","article-title":"Impact of early surfactant and inhaled nitric oxide therapies on outcomes in term\/late preterm neonates with moderate hypoxic respiratory failure","volume":"33","author":"Konduri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1083","article-title":"Changes in arterial oxygen tension when weaning neonates from inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"32","author":"Sokol","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.838","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide and hypoxic respiratory failure in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group (NINOS)","volume":"99","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.2023","article-title":"Evaluation of variability in inhaled nitric oxide use and pulmonary hypertension in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"170","author":"Putnam","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.09.052","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide is associated with improved oxygenation in a subpopulation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"219","author":"Lawrence","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L755","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00138.2010","article-title":"Cinaciguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, augments cGMP after oxidative stress and causes pulmonary vasodilation in neonatal pulmonary hypertension","volume":"301","author":"Chester","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.08.018","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxidant stress increases PDE5 activity in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"174","author":"Farrow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0523","article-title":"Oral sildenafil in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a pilot randomized blinded study","volume":"117","author":"Baquero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1239496","article-title":"The use of sildenafil in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"27","author":"Vargas-Origel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-16161","article-title":"Effect of early adjunctive use of oral sildenafil and inhaled nitric oxide on the outcome of pulmonary hypertension in newborn infants. A feasibility study","volume":"9","author":"Al Omar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841,e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.06.012","article-title":"Intravenous sildenafil in the treatment of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"155","author":"Steinhorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.05.051","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of IV sildenafil in the treatment of newborn infants with, or at risk of, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN): a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"237","author":"Pierce","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s002469900099","article-title":"Prostacyclin treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"18","author":"Eronen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1086\/674762","article-title":"Safety of epoprostenol and treprostinil in children less than 12\u00a0months of age","volume":"3","author":"McIntyre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.129849","article-title":"Inhaled prostacyclin for term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension refractory to inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"141","author":"Kelly","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.94835","article-title":"Inhaled epoprostenol therapy for pulmonary hypertension: improves oxygenation index more consistently in neonates than in older children","volume":"2","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050498","article-title":"Improvement of oxygenation induced by aerosolized prostacyclin in a preterm infant with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"23","author":"Soditt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F214","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.71.3.F214","article-title":"Aerosolised prostacyclin for pulmonary hypertension in neonates","volume":"71","author":"Bindl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676483","article-title":"Inhaled epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension treatment in neonates: a 12-year experience","volume":"36","author":"Berger-Caron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5385\/nm.2019.26.4.191","article-title":"Inhaled iloprost as a first-line therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22985","article-title":"Oral sildenafil and inhaled iloprost in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"49","author":"Kahveci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1086\/685080","article-title":"Iloprost drug delivery during infant conventional and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation","volume":"6","author":"DiBlasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-984370","article-title":"Aerosolized iloprost in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in extremely preterm infants: a pilot study","volume":"220","author":"Eifinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1348949","article-title":"Inhaled iloprost in preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"31","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-013-0263-1","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of intravenous iloprost for severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"50","author":"Janjindamai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7303","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007303","article-title":"Treprostinil for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, with early onset sepsis in preterm infant: 2 Case reports","volume":"96","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib56","first-page":"647","article-title":"Transitioning from intravenous to subcutaneous prostacyclin therapy in neonates with severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Turbenson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.06.016","article-title":"Short-term treprostinil use in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia following repair","volume":"167","author":"Olson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.04.052","article-title":"Treprostinil improves persistent pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"200","author":"Lawrence","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.50.513","article-title":"Effects of long-acting beraprost sodium (TRK-100STP) in Japanese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"50","author":"Kunieda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.71.1829","article-title":"Pilot study of short-term effects of a novel long-acting oral beraprost in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"71","author":"Ikeda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200X.2002.01597.x","article-title":"Beraprost sodium for pulmonary hypertension with congenital heart disease","volume":"44","author":"Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-005-0925-4","article-title":"Beraprost therapy in children with pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease","volume":"26","author":"Limsuwan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000298137","article-title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn successfully treated with beraprost sodium: a retrospective chart review","volume":"99","author":"Nakwan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000139927.86617.B6","article-title":"Aerosolized PGE1: a selective pulmonary vasodilator in neonatal hypoxemic respiratory failure results of a Phase I\/II open label clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Sood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-486","article-title":"Inhaled PGE1 in neonates with hypoxemic respiratory failure: two pilot feasibility randomized clinical trials","volume":"15","author":"Sood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib66","first-page":"CD007802","article-title":"Milrinone for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","author":"Bassler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31824ea2cd","article-title":"Pharmacology of milrinone in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and suboptimal response to inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"14","author":"McNamara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2006.01.001","article-title":"Milrinone improves oxygenation in neonates with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"21","author":"McNamara","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000339108","article-title":"Use of milrinone to treat cardiac dysfunction in infants with pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a review of six patients","volume":"102","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951114002698","article-title":"The effect of milrinone on right and left ventricular function when used as a rescue therapy for term infants with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"26","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-020-00412-4","article-title":"Efficacy of milrinone plus sildenafil in the treatment of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension in resource-limited settings: results of a randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"22","author":"El-Ghandour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2011.157","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study of bosentan for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"32","author":"Mohamed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01386.x","article-title":"Successful treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn with bosentan","volume":"98","author":"Nakwan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib74","first-page":"333","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of sildenafil alone versus sildenafil plus bosentan in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Fatima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-007-0531-y","article-title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn with transposition of the great arteries: successful treatment with bosentan","volume":"167","author":"Goissen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2017.02.003","article-title":"Effect of bosentan therapy in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"59","author":"Maneenil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90.e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.06.078","article-title":"Bosentan as adjunctive therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: results of the randomized multicenter placebo-controlled exploratory trial","volume":"177","author":"Steinhorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31815b43ee","article-title":"Betamethasone attenuates oxidant stress in endothelial cells from fetal lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"63","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.20","article-title":"Antenatal betamethasone improves postnatal transition in late preterm lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"73","author":"Konduri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1086\/674903","article-title":"Hydrocortisone normalizes phosphodiesterase-5 activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"4","author":"Perez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L595","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00145.2011","article-title":"Hydrocortisone normalizes oxygenation and cGMP regulation in lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"302","author":"Perez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fml018","article-title":"The effect of steroids on the clinical course and outcome of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Tripathi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib83","first-page":"231","article-title":"Oral l-citrulline malate in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and Eisenmenger Syndrome: a clinical trial","volume":"64","author":"Sharif Kashani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209655","article-title":"Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"369","author":"Ghofrani","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L318","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00062.2009","article-title":"Cinaciguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, causes potent and sustained pulmonary vasodilation in the ovine fetus","volume":"297","author":"Chester","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.12.208","article-title":"Activation of PPAR-\u03b3 ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension via inducing heme oxygenase-1 and p21(WAF1): an in\u00a0vivo study in rats","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0275OC","article-title":"AMP-kinase dysfunction alters notch ligands to impair angiogenesis in neonatal pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Rana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.05.029","article-title":"Evaluation and management of pulmonary hypertension in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"188","author":"Krishnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.09.021","article-title":"Effects of long-term sildenafil treatment for pulmonary hypertension in infants with chronic lung disease","volume":"154","author":"Mourani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1154-0","article-title":"Sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"36","author":"Trottier-Boucher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2011.131","article-title":"Sildenafil citrate, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and disordered pulmonary gas exchange: any benefits?","volume":"32","author":"Nyp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23508","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension specific treatment in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"52","author":"Kadmon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2515-7","article-title":"Sildenafil therapy in bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective study of efficacy and safety","volume":"174","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib94","article-title":"EXPRESS: sildenafil for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension: a meta-analysis","author":"van der Graaf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib95","first-page":"97","article-title":"Targeted therapy for pulmonary hypertension in premature infants","volume":"7","author":"Nees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20238","article-title":"Epoprostenol and home mechanical ventilation for pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease","volume":"40","author":"Zaidi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib97","first-page":"491","article-title":"Weaning of epoprostenol in a small infant receiving concomitant bosentan for severe pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"58","author":"Rugolotto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e274","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2330","article-title":"Subcutaneous treprostinil for pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease of infancy","volume":"134","author":"Ferdman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-008-9260-x","article-title":"Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in children with chronic lung disease with newer oral therapies","volume":"29","author":"Krishnan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70482-2","article-title":"Multicenter study of surfactant (beractant) use in the treatment of term infants with severe respiratory failure. Survanta in Term Infants Study Group","volume":"132","author":"Lotze","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-00777-x","article-title":"Early use of combined exogenous surfactant and inhaled nitric oxide reduces treatment failure in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70124-0","article-title":"Randomized, multicenter trial of inhaled nitric oxide and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in severe, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"131","author":"Kinsella","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095510821001147?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095510821001147?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T15:58:33Z","timestamp":1758815913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0095510821001147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0095510821001147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-5108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-5108","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pulmonary Vasodilator Therapy in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Perinatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}