{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T21:02:51Z","timestamp":1778878971775,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,11]],"date-time":"2015-11-11T21:32:19Z","timestamp":1447277539000},"page":"244-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Gram-negative bacteraemia; a multi-centre prospective evaluation of empiric antibiotic therapy and outcome in English acute hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"J.M.","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.S.","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.D.","family":"Edgeworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Judge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Lavery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Morris-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.F.","family":"Nsutebu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.G.","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Scarborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.E.","family":"Thwaites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.S.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.J.","family":"Llewelyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Pink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gill","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Llewelyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Edgeworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Guile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Querol-Rubiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abid","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devedas","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Scarborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Rawlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Judge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Lavery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Morris-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Nsutebu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12195","article-title":"Overall burden of bloodstream infection and nosocomial bloodstream infection in North America and Europe","volume":"19","author":"Goto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12028","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of bacteraemias in Europe: trends from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System","volume":"19","author":"de Kraker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12144","article-title":"Incidence of bloodstream infection: a review of population-based studies","volume":"19","author":"Laupland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib4","unstructured":"Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2013. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Available at: http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/Documents\/antibiotic-resistance-in-EU-summary.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku515","article-title":"Antibiotic policies in acute English NHS trusts: implementation of 'Start Smart-Then Focus' and relationship with Clostridium difficile infection rates","volume":"70","author":"Llewelyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91713","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091713","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in community hospitals in the 21st century: a multicenter cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PlosOne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1086\/665010","article-title":"Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS)","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock 2012","volume":"41","author":"Dellinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00627-10","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy for sepsis","volume":"54","author":"Paul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0936-3","article-title":"The association between time to antibiotics and relevant clinical outcomes in emergency department patients with various stages of sepsis: a prospective multi-center study","volume":"19","author":"de Groot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70151-2","article-title":"Aggressive versus conservative initiation of antimicrobial treatment in critically ill surgical patients with suspected intensive-care-unit-acquired infection: a quasi-experimental, before and after observational cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Hranjec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549709035903","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy and outcome of monomicrobial Gram-negative bacteraemia: a 3-year population-based study","volume":"29","author":"Pedersen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1998.00379.x","article-title":"The benefit of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment in patients with bloodstream infection","volume":"244","author":"Leibovici","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.146","article-title":"The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting","volume":"118","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1306-1311.2005","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection: importance of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment","volume":"49","author":"Micek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00466-06","article-title":"Impact of inactive empiric antimicrobial therapy on inpatient mortality and length of stay","volume":"50","author":"Scarsi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm378","article-title":"Clinical significance of healthcare-associated infections in community-onset Escherichia coli bacteraemia","volume":"60","author":"Cheong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00338-07","article-title":"Predictors of 30-day mortality among patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections: impact of delayed appropriate antibiotic selection","volume":"51","author":"Lodise","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm279","article-title":"Impact of antibiotic resistance and of adequate empirical antibiotic treatment in the prognosis of patients with Escherichia coli bacteraemia","volume":"60","author":"Peralta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01509-06","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: importance of inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment","volume":"51","author":"Tumbarello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn104","article-title":"Gram-negative bacteraemia in non-ICU patients: factors associated with inadequate antibiotic therapy and impact on outcomes","volume":"61","author":"Marschall","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks475","article-title":"Outcome of inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy in emergency department patients with community-onset bloodstream infections","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000516","article-title":"Using the number needed to treat to assess appropriate antimicrobial therapy as a determinant of outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"42","author":"Vazquez-Guillamet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib24","first-page":"135","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of elderly patients with community-onset bacteremia","volume":"70","author":"Hernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1086\/519283","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the methods used to assess the association between appropriate antibiotic therapy and mortality in bacteremic patients","volume":"45","author":"McGregor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq088","article-title":"Antibiotic use and impact on outcome from bacteraemic critical illness: the BActeraemia Study in Intensive Care (BASIC)","volume":"65","author":"Corona","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00462-11","article-title":"Impact of inadequate empirical therapy on the mortality of patients with bloodstream infections: a propensity score-based analysis","volume":"56","author":"Retamar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03935-14","article-title":"Stratification of the impact of inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy for gram-negative bloodstream infections by predicted prognosis","volume":"59","author":"Cain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5310","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5310","article-title":"A\u00a0national early warning score for acutely ill patients","volume":"345","author":"McGinley","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206074463","article-title":"Multiple imputation of discrete and continuous data by fully conditional specification","volume":"16","author":"van Buuren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X1500974X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X1500974X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T22:57:40Z","timestamp":1653519460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X1500974X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X1500974X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}