{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:08:27Z","timestamp":1790615307892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]],"date-time":"2017-04-13T12:16:16Z","timestamp":1492085776000},"page":"511-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Challenges of measles and rubella laboratory diagnostic in the era of elimination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"J.M.","family":"H\u00fcbschen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Bork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mankertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Santibanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ben Mamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.N.","family":"Mulders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.P.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib1","series-title":"Eliminating measles and rubella - Framework for the verification process in the WHO European Region 2014","author":"WHO Regional Office for Europe","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib2","series-title":"5th Meeting of the European Regional Verification Commission for measles and rubella elimination (RVC)","author":"WHO Regional Office for Europe","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib3","series-title":"Measles and rubella laboratory network","author":"WHO Regional Office for Europe","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib4","first-page":"852","article-title":"The laboratory confirmation of suspected measles cases in settings of low measles transmission: conclusions from the experience in the Americas","volume":"82","author":"Dietz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.1433","article-title":"Mucocutaneous findings and course in an adult with Zika virus infection","volume":"152","author":"Derrington","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pis133","article-title":"False-positive results for immunoglobulin M serologic results: explanations and examples","volume":"2","author":"Woods","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2015.47.3.155","article-title":"Febrile illness with skin rashes","volume":"47","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3018.486","article-title":"The differential diagnosis of scarlet fever, measles, and rubella","volume":"2","author":"Warrack","year":"1918","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16049","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.49","article-title":"Measles","volume":"2","author":"Rota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.4.30116","article-title":"Insights into epidemiology of human parvovirus B19 and detection of an unusual genotype 2 variant, Bulgaria, 2004 to 2013","volume":"21","author":"Ivanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111541","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111541","article-title":"Etiology of maculopapular rash in measles and rubella suspected patients from Belarus","volume":"9","author":"Yermalovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4790","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4790-4792.2003","article-title":"Assessment of immunoglobulin M enzyme immunoassays for diagnosis of measles","volume":"41","author":"Tipples","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.99-104.2000","article-title":"Performance of indirect immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology tests and IgM capture assays for laboratory diagnosis of measles","volume":"38","author":"Ratnam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib14","series-title":"Manual for the laboratory diagnosis of measles and rubella infection","author":"WHO","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib15","series-title":"VPD surveillance manual chapter 7: measles","author":"Kutty","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899003222","article-title":"Secondary measles vaccine failures identified by measurement of IgG avidity: high occurrence among teenagers vaccinated at a young age","volume":"124","author":"Paunio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.35.20891","article-title":"Measles virus spread initiated at international mass gatherings in Europe, 2011","volume":"19","author":"Santibanez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(84)90079-X","article-title":"Specificity and sensitivity of the IgM capture immunoassay: studies of possible factors inducing false positive or false negative results","volume":"9","author":"Briantais","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00268-16","article-title":"High concentrations of measles neutralizing antibodies and high-avidity measles IgG accurately identify measles reinfection cases","volume":"23","author":"Sowers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S506","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir117","article-title":"Improving global virologic surveillance for measles and rubella","volume":"204","author":"Rota","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.01.032","article-title":"A\u00a0multiplex TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of measles and rubella virus","volume":"149","author":"Hubschen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.65.444","article-title":"Detection of exanthematic viruses using a TaqMan real-time PCR assay panel in patients with clinically diagnosed or suspected measles","volume":"65","author":"Takao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.375-376.2001","article-title":"Investigation of optimal specimen type and sampling time for detection of measles virus RNA during a measles epidemic","volume":"39","author":"Riddell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib24","series-title":"Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases","author":"CDC","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib25","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of vaccine-associated measles in Zhejiang province, China","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.111-116.2002","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of measles virus, rubella virus, and parvovirus B19 by using multiplex PCR","volume":"40","author":"Mosquera Mdel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23515","article-title":"Rapid molecular diagnosis of measles virus infection in an epidemic setting","volume":"85","author":"Michel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib28","series-title":"Weekly epidemiological record: Genetic diversity of wild-type measles viruses and the global measles nucleotide surveillance database (MeaNS)","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-015-1173-1","article-title":"Long-term transmission of measles virus in central and continental western europe","volume":"50","author":"Santibanez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.9.4399-4401.2001","article-title":"Measles viruses on throat swabs from measles patients use signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (CDw150) but not CD46 as a cellular receptor","volume":"75","author":"Ono","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12201","article-title":"Detection of measles, mumps and rubella viruses by immuno-colorimetric assay and its application in focus reduction neutralization tests","volume":"58","author":"Vaidya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.08.026","article-title":"Development and evaluation of an automatable focus reduction neutralisation test for the detection of measles virus antibodies using imaging analysis","volume":"178","author":"Terletskaia-Ladwig","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2016.08.018","article-title":"Comparison of two chemiluminescent immunoassays in the detection of measles IgM antibodies","volume":"237","author":"Gomez-Camarasa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20371","article-title":"A\u00a0simple method for the detection of measles virus genome by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)","volume":"76","author":"Fujino","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00032-07","article-title":"Humoral immune response after primary rubella virus infection and after vaccination","volume":"14","author":"Vauloup-Fellous","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15897-2","article-title":"Rubella","volume":"363","author":"Banatvala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7356.147","article-title":"Interpretation of rubella serology in pregnancy\u2013pitfalls and problems","volume":"325","author":"Best","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2003.11.006","article-title":"Evaluation of rubella IgM enzyme immunoassays","volume":"30","author":"Tipples","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1610.100560","article-title":"Oral fluid testing during 10 years of rubella elimination, England and Wales","volume":"16","author":"Manikkavasagan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib40","series-title":"Chapter 14: Rubella","author":"McLean","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.06.003","article-title":"Assessment of IgM enzyme immunoassay and IgG avidity assay for distinguishing between primary and secondary immune response to rubella vaccine","volume":"130","author":"Hamkar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890410305","article-title":"Slow maturation of IgG1 avidity and persistence of specific IgM in congenital rubella: implications for diagnosis and immunopathology","volume":"41","author":"Thomas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.04.001","article-title":"Diagnosis of recent primary rubella virus infections: significance of glycoprotein-based IgM serology, IgG avidity and immunoblot analysis","volume":"174","author":"Wandinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4342","article-title":"Elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome from the Western hemisphere: the US experience","volume":"168","author":"Papania","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01243-06","article-title":"Evaluation of commercial rubella immunoglobulin G avidity assays","volume":"45","author":"Mubareka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib46","series-title":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","first-page":"157","article-title":"Polymerase Chain Reaction: Types, Utilities and Limitations","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-3131-1","article-title":"A\u00a0sensitive one-step TaqMan amplification approach for detection of rubella virus clade I and II genotypes in clinical samples","volume":"162","author":"Claus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"88","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib48","first-page":"337","article-title":"Rubella virus nomenclature update: 2013","author":"WHO","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib49","series-title":"Global measles and rubella laboratory network support for elimination goals, 2010\u20132015","author":"Mulders","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102000000400007","article-title":"RC-IAL cell line: sensitivity of rubella virus grow","volume":"34","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2007.08.021","article-title":"An indirect immunocolorimetric assay to detect rubella virus infected cells","volume":"146","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01231-08","article-title":"Confirmation of rubella within 4 days of rash onset: comparison of rubella virus RNA detection in oral fluid with immunoglobulin M detection in serum or oral fluid","volume":"47","author":"Abernathy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0147154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147154","article-title":"Real-time PCR for measles virus detection on clinical specimens with negative IgM result in morocco","volume":"11","author":"Benamar","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib54","series-title":"Weekly epidemiological record: Framework for verifying elimination of measles and rubella","author":"WHO","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-016-0451-4","article-title":"Eradication of measles: remaining challenges","volume":"205","author":"Holzmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X17302148?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X17302148?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T13:30:27Z","timestamp":1658928627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X17302148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X17302148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.04.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}