{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:05:01Z","timestamp":1790222701731,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"Abbvie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015756","name":"Janssen-Cilag","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gilead"},{"name":"Merk-Sharp & Dohme"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015756","name":"Janssen-Cilag","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gilead"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"Abbvie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Merk-Sharp & Dohme, United States"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006546","name":"Angelini","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T12:30:11Z","timestamp":1601901011000},"page":"28-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Risk of failure in dual therapy versus triple therapy in na\u00efve HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mariantonietta","family":"Pisaturo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Onorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Chiodini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Signoriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69157-5","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment","volume":"368","author":"Simon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833a0918","article-title":"Factors associated with specific causes of death amongst HIV-positive individuals in the D:A:D Study","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60604-8","article-title":"Trends in underlying causes of death in people with HIV from 1999 to 2011(D:A:D): a multicohort collaboration","volume":"384","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3280ef6acd","article-title":"HIV suppression byHAART preserves cognitive function in advanced, immune-reconstituted AIDS patients","volume":"21","author":"McCutchan","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir673","article-title":"HIV infection, immune suppression, and uncontrolled viremia are associated with increased multimorbidity among aging injection drug users","volume":"53","author":"Salter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19824","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.4.19824","article-title":"Switching from ritonavir to cobicistat in HIV patients with renal impairment who are virologically suppressed on a protease inhibitor","volume":"17","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000248","article-title":"Tenofovir and bone health","volume":"11","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1179\/1528433614Z.0000000001","article-title":"Renal safety of coformulated tenofovir\/emtricitabine vs other nucleoside analogues in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients aged 50 years or older in Spain: the TRIP study","volume":"16","author":"Pedrol","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trial."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0588-4","article-title":"Is there continued evidence for an association between abacavir usage and myocardial infarction risk in individuals with HIV? A cohort collaboration","volume":"14","author":"Sabin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.12.004","article-title":"Osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease","volume":"43","author":"Cunningham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c4986","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4986","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and risk of major cardiovascular disease and non-vascular mortality: prospective population based cohort study","volume":"341","author":"Di Angelantonio","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c4249","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4249","article-title":"Low glomerular filtration rate and risk of stroke: meta-analysis","volume":"341","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60423-7","article-title":"Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: a multi-cohort collaboration","volume":"371","author":"Sabin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-10-33","article-title":"Antiretroviral regimens sparing agents from the nucleoside (tide) reverse transcriptase inhibitor class: a review of the recent literature","volume":"10","author":"Achhra","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30015-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of contemporary dual-drug antiretroviral regimens as first-line treatment or as a simplification strategy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Achhra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2017.1343300","article-title":"Dual antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection","volume":"16","author":"Soriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.07.006","article-title":"Clinical benefit of dolutegravir in HIV-1 management related to the high genetic barrier to drug resistance","volume":"239","author":"Brenner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S127097","article-title":"Budget impact analysis of the simplification to atazanavir + ritonavir + lamivudine dual therapy of HIV-positive patients receiving atazanavir-based triple therapies in Italy starting from data of the Atlas-M trial","volume":"9","author":"Restelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Outcome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib20","author":"Wells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trial."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106221","article-title":"The RADAR Study: week 48 Safety and Efficacy of RAltegravir combined with boosted DARunavir compared to tenofovir\/emtricitabine combined with boosted darunavir in antiretroviral-naive patients. Impact on bone health","volume":"9","author":"Bedimo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70736-4","volume":"14","author":"Cahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32462-0","volume":"393","author":"Cahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002275","article-title":"Durable efficacy of dolutegravir plus lamivudine in antiretroviral treatment-naive adults with HIV-1 infection: 96-week results from the GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2 Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"83","author":"Cahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1310\/hct1303-119","article-title":"A nucleoside- and ritonavir-sparing regimen containing atazanavir plus raltegravir in antiretroviral treatment-na\u00efve HIV-infected patients: SPARTAN study results","volume":"13","author":"Kozal","year":"2012","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trial."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_18_172","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31827b51b5","article-title":"Maraviroc once-daily nucleoside analog-sparing regimen in treatment-naive patients: randomized, open-label pilot study","volume":"62","author":"Mills","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.12.006","article-title":"Maraviroc 150 mg daily plus lopinavir\/ritonavir, a nucleoside\/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing regimen for HIV-infected naive patients: 48-week final results of VEMAN study","volume":"21","author":"Nozza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib31","first-page":"56","article-title":"Lopinavir\/ritonavir + tenofovir dual therapy versus lopinavir\/ritonavir- based triple therapy in HIV-infected antiretroviral na\u00efve subjects: the Kalead study","volume":"2","author":"Pinola","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antivir Antiretrovir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2016.0046","article-title":"Immunovirological efficacy of once-daily maraviroc plus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir after 48 weeks in naive HIV-infected patients","volume":"29","author":"Pulido","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61170-3","article-title":"Ritonavir-boosted darunavir combined with raltegravir or tenofovir-emtricitabine in antiretroviral-naive adults infected with HIV-1: 96 week results from the NEAT001\/ANRS143 randomised non-inferiority trial","volume":"384","author":"Raffi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1310\/hct1205-255","article-title":"Examination of noninferiority, safety, and tolerability of lopinavir\/ritonavir and raltegravir compared with lopinavir\/ritonavir and tenofovir\/emtricitabine in antiretroviral-na\u00efve subjects: the progress study, 48-week results","volume":"12","author":"Reynes","year":"2011","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trial."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074609","article-title":"Class-sparing regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection","volume":"358","author":"Riddler","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001058","article-title":"Once-daily maraviroc versus tenofovir\/emtricitabine each combined with darunavir\/ritonavir for initial HIV-1 treatment","volume":"30","author":"Stellbrink","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X20306029?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X20306029?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:26:45Z","timestamp":1761118005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X20306029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X20306029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk of failure in dual therapy versus triple therapy in na\u00efve HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.048","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}