{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T15:50:40Z","timestamp":1776873040613,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T02:11:46Z","timestamp":1617329506000},"page":"1029-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell immunity in COVID-19 convalescent patients and unexposed controls measured by ex\u00a0vivo ELISpot assay"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Cassaniti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Percivalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Bergami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Piralla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuditta","family":"Comolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Sambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Colaneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Zuccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Benazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Robotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Calastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Maiorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cambi\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Baldanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc4776","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques","volume":"369","author":"Chandrashekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001031","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.24.2001031","article-title":"Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralising antibodies in blood donors from the Lodi red zone in Lombardy, Italy, as at 06 april 2020","volume":"25","author":"Percivalle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0897-1","article-title":"Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104358","article-title":"Challenges of convalescent plasma therapy on COVID-19","volume":"127","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20499","article-title":"Antibody responses against SARS coronavirus are correlated with disease outcome of infected individuals","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800048019","article-title":"The time course of the immune response to experimental coronavirus infection of man","volume":"105","author":"Callow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82839-0","article-title":"Persistent memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in recovered severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients to SARS coronavirus M antigen","volume":"88","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd2071","article-title":"Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Weiskopf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2598-9","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19","volume":"587","author":"Braun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc8511","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc8511","article-title":"Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications","volume":"369","author":"Mathew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3871","article-title":"Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans","volume":"370","author":"Mateus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000045","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045","article-title":"Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR","volume":"25","author":"Corman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.015","article-title":"Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals","volume":"181","author":"Grifoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2550-z","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls","volume":"584","author":"Le Bert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib15","series-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4 + T cells","author":"Meckiff","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5490","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5490","article-title":"T\u00a0cell responses to whole SARS coronavirus in humans","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2598-9","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19","volume":"587","author":"Braun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00636-10","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 detected over 3 years using a novel multiplex real-time PCR method","volume":"48","author":"Gaunt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2612","article-title":"Preexisting influenza-specific CD4+ T cells correlate with disease protection against influenza challenge in humans","volume":"18","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906453","article-title":"Cross-reactive antibody responses to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus","volume":"361","author":"Hancock","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1334","article-title":"T-cell-B-cell cooperation","volume":"4","author":"Mitchison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3201\/2701.203772","article-title":"Cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescents with PCR-confirmed infection but with undetectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG","author":"Schwarzkopf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.02.063","article-title":"Memory T cell responses targeting the SARS coronavirus persist up to 11 years post-infection","volume":"34","author":"Ng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1204500","article-title":"Memory T cells specific for HBV enumerated by a peptide-based cultured enzyme-linked immunospot assay in healthy HBV-vaccinated subjects","volume":"12","author":"Cassaniti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020157","article-title":"WestNile or Usutu Virus? A three-year follow-up of humoral and cellular response in a group of asymptomatic blood donors","volume":"12","author":"Percivalle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0782-6","article-title":"Broad and strong memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent COVID-19 patients","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104272","article-title":"Nonstructural proteins NS7b and NS8 are likely to be phylogenetically associated with evolution of 2019-nCoV","volume":"1","author":"Fahmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X21001452?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X21001452?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:27:34Z","timestamp":1761118054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X21001452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X21001452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell immunity in COVID-19 convalescent patients and unexposed controls measured by ex\u00a0vivo ELISpot assay","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}