{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:19:46Z","timestamp":1792189186534,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T13:38:40Z","timestamp":1731159520000},"page":"466-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Timeline and outcomes of viral and fungal infections after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: a large database analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sassine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson Iv\u00e1n","family":"Agudelo Higuita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Siegrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaele Francesco","family":"Corbisiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso G.","family":"Bastias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita Wilson","family":"Dib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Henao-Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Chastain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Yu","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s F.","family":"Henao-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706169","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor therapy","volume":"379","author":"June","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib2","article-title":"Infections after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies","volume":"25","author":"Kampouri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-07-793760","article-title":"Infectious complications of CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell immunotherapy","volume":"131","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002732","article-title":"Immune reconstitution and infectious complications following axicabtagene ciloleucel therapy for large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"5","author":"Baird","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaa121","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa121","article-title":"Infectious complications following CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for children, adolescents, and young adults","volume":"7","author":"Vora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.238634","article-title":"Immune reconstitution and associated infections following axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"106","author":"Logue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5312","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004896","article-title":"Infectious complications of CAR T-cell therapy across novel antigen targets in the first 30 days","volume":"5","author":"Mikkilineni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00346-7","article-title":"Infection during the first year in patients treated with CD19 CAR T cells for diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Wudhikarn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.08.003","article-title":"Late events after treatment with CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells","volume":"26","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020004079","article-title":"Infectious complications in patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma after BCMA CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"6","author":"Kambhampati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30376-8","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies: is there an excess risk for infection?","volume":"8","author":"Gudiol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2021.09.016","article-title":"State of the CAR-T: risk of infections with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses","volume":"27","author":"Meir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.148","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy\u2014assessment and management of toxicities","volume":"15","author":"Neelapu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofae133","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae133","article-title":"The burden of invasive fungal disease following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and strategies for prevention","volume":"11","author":"Little","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03084-6","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of nonrelapse mortality after CAR T cell therapy","volume":"30","author":"Cordas Dos Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib16","article-title":"Previous corticosteroid exposure associates with an increased Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia mortality among HIV-negative patients: a global research network with a follow-up multicenter case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Vargas Barahona","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003449","article-title":"Characteristics and clinical manifestations of monkeypox among people with and without HIV in the United States: a retrospective cohort","volume":"37","author":"Chastain","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13476","article-title":"Cryptococcosis among hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a multicentre research network study","volume":"65","author":"Chastain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020010543","article-title":"CAR-HEMATOTOX: a model for CAR T-cell\u2013related hematologic toxicity in relapsed\/refractory large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"138","author":"Rejeski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy152","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome grade as a predictive marker for infections in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chimeric antigen receptor T cells","volume":"67","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2022.2063833","article-title":"Managing hypogammaglobulinemia in patients treated with CAR-T-cell therapy: key points for clinicians","volume":"15","author":"Kampouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.254045","article-title":"Hematopoietic recovery and immune reconstitution after axicabtagene ciloleucel in patients with large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"106","author":"Strati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S396434","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory syncytial virus infection: a narrative review","volume":"16","author":"Chuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6937a6","article-title":"Decreased influenza activity during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Olsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib25","series-title":"4th Symp Infect Dis Immunocompromised Host","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections in CAR-T recipients at a comprehensive cancer center","author":"Wilson Dib","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad166","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad166","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections in recipients of cellular therapies: a review of incidence, outcomes, treatment, and prevention","volume":"10","author":"Wilson Dib","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib27","first-page":"2062","article-title":"How I prevent viral reactivation in high-risk patients","volume":"141","author":"Dadwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofae422","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae422","article-title":"Cytomegaloviral infections in recipients of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: an observational study with focus on oncologic outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Khawaja","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad708","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy","volume":"78","author":"Kampouri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S381","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-6367(22)00649-2","article-title":"Herpesviruses infections in CAR T cell recipients","volume":"28","author":"Khawaja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S217","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-6367(23)00352-4","article-title":"Human herpes virus 6 Dnaemia within 1 year of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy","volume":"29","author":"Khawaja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024145","article-title":"Human herpesvirus 6 reactivation and disease are infrequent in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy recipients","volume":"144","author":"Kampouri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7533","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-167908","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation within in the first year after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy: experience from the first two years at a major cancer center","volume":"140","author":"Khawaja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007474","article-title":"Low incidence of invasive fungal disease following CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Little","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020156","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy: state of the evidence and future directions","volume":"7","author":"Garner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac461","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac461","article-title":"Low sensitivity of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision coding for culture-confirmed candidemia cases in an active surveillance system: United States, 2019\u20132020","volume":"9","author":"Benedict","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-138940","article-title":"Infectious complications of BCMA-targeted and CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy","volume":"136","author":"Kambhampati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5485","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010524","article-title":"Respiratory infections predominate after day 100 following B-cell maturation antigen-directed CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"7","author":"Little","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X24005342?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X24005342?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T03:19:53Z","timestamp":1772335193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X24005342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X24005342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Timeline and outcomes of viral and fungal infections after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: a large database analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}