{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:03:55Z","timestamp":1791299035035,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003107","name":"Bundesministerium fur Gesundheit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03292364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03292364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003107","name":"Bundesministerium fur Gesundheit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2525FSB027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2525FSB027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T22:58:25Z","timestamp":1754434705000},"page":"1961-1971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against post-COVID-19 condition\/long COVID: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Peine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Stoliaroff-Pepin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Reinacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Heldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle","family":"Sarganas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Piechotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Mikolajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Pilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Barkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bleve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie H.","family":"Giebeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Poser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Searle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ki\u00dfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Nitsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimanur","family":"Bayram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Siemens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg J.","family":"Meerpohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sandmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Wichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib1","series-title":"A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib2","unstructured":"NHS. What is long COVID. https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/long-term-effects-of-covid-19-long-covid\/about-long-covid\/what-is-long-covid\/. [Accessed 30 January 2025]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib3","series-title":"Long COVID in adults: United States, 2022. NCHS data brief, no 480","author":"Adjaye-Gbewonyo","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib4","series-title":"Long COVID in children: United States","author":"Vahratian","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.11370","article-title":"Evidence mounts that about 7% of US adults have had long COVID","volume":"332","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib6","series-title":"Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK: 30 March 2023","author":"Rea","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18931","article-title":"Estimated global proportions of individuals with persistent fatigue, cognitive, and respiratory symptom clusters following symptomatic COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021","volume":"328","author":"Wulf Hanson","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib8","series-title":"The impacts of long COVID across OECD countries","author":"Gonzales","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07418-y","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against infection, symptomatic and severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Ssentongo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000385","article-title":"Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long covid: systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Byambasuren","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.03.022","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination for the prevention and treatment of long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Ceban","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib12","article-title":"Effect of COVID-19 vaccines on reducing the risk of long COVID in the real world: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2024.42","article-title":"The effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in the prevention of post-COVID conditions in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Gutfreund","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268823001279","article-title":"A systematic review of the evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition","volume":"151","author":"Jennings","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12020189","article-title":"Impact of pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination on the incidence and severity of post-COVID syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Man","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2023.447","article-title":"The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in the prevention of post-COVID conditions: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the latest research","volume":"3","author":"Marra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib17","article-title":"The effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the prevention of post-COVID-19 conditions: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Marra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101624","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Notarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.0750","article-title":"Risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Tsampasian","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.02.008","article-title":"Protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination against long COVID syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Watanabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib21","series-title":"A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00703-9","article-title":"WHO clinical case definition working group on post-COVID-19 condition. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus","volume":"22","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib23","series-title":"COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. NG188","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial","volume":"22","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib26","series-title":"GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib27","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4896","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30583-2","article-title":"A prospective cohort study assessing the relationship between long-COVID symptom incidence in COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"13","author":"Abu Hamdh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.95","article-title":"Risk factors for long coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID) among healthcare personnel, Brazil, 2020-2022","volume":"44","author":"Marra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2022-325152","article-title":"Characteristics and predictors of persistent symptoms post-COVID-19 in children and young people: a large community cross-sectional study in England","volume":"108","author":"Atchison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01840-0","article-title":"Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"28","author":"Al-Aly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib32","article-title":"Exploring long COVID condition in Latin America: its impact on patients\u2019 activities and associated healthcare use","volume":"10","author":"Angarita-Fonseca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.11.009","article-title":"Post-acute symptoms 3-15 months after COVID-19 among unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals with a breakthrough infection","volume":"126","author":"Brunvoll","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.08.009","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection following booster vaccination: illness and symptom profile in a prospective, observational community-based case-control study","volume":"87","author":"Antonelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2024.02.007","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 vaccination prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection on prevalence of long COVID among a population-based probability sample of Michiganders, 2020-2022","volume":"92","author":"MacCallum-Bridges","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac386","article-title":"Physical, psychological, and cognitive profile of post-COVID conditions in healthcare workers, Quebec, Canada","volume":"9","author":"Carazo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11121769","article-title":"A multi-center study investigating long COVID-19 in healthcare workers from North-Eastern Italy: prevalence, risk factors and the impact of pre-existing humoral immunity-ORCHESTRA project","volume":"11","author":"Cegolon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076990","article-title":"Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against post-Covid-19 condition among 589 722 individuals in Sweden: population based cohort study","volume":"383","author":"Lundberg-Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09463-y","article-title":"Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in Tunisian population","volume":"23","author":"Chelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.08.019","article-title":"Association between virus variants, vaccination, previous infections, and post-COVID-19 risk","volume":"136","author":"Diexer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad047","article-title":"Factors associated with long COVID symptoms in an online cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Durstenfeld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-022-03072-0","article-title":"The presence of symptoms within 6 months after COVID-19: a single-center longitudinal study","volume":"192","author":"Emecen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067611","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies against postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: analysis of a COVID-19 observational registry for a diverse US metropolitan population","volume":"13","author":"Tannous","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000003018","article-title":"Long COVID among Wisconsin workers in the workers\u2019 compensation system: associations with sociodemographics, vaccination, and predominant variant period from March 1, 2020 to July 31, 2022","volume":"66","author":"Modji","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-023-00616-5","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 and effects of booster vaccination with BNT162b2 on six-month long COVID symptoms, quality of life, work productivity and activity impairment during Omicron","volume":"7","author":"Di Fusco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Patient Rep Outcome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104599","article-title":"Post COVID-19 condition after delta infection and omicron reinfection in children and adolescents","volume":"92","author":"Ertesv\u00e5g","year":"2023","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib47","article-title":"Reduced incidence of long-COVID symptoms related to administration of COVID-19 vaccines both before COVID-19 diagnosis and up to 12 weeks after","author":"Simon","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46783","article-title":"Rates of ICD-10 code U09.9 documentation and clinical characteristics of VA patients with post-COVID-19 condition","volume":"6","author":"Wander","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-072529","article-title":"Long covid outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: nationwide cohort study","volume":"380","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.51360","article-title":"Persistent COVID-19 symptoms at 6 months after onset and the role of vaccination before or after SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"6","author":"Richard","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294780","article-title":"Association between long COVID and vaccination: a 12-month follow-up study in a low- to middle-income country","volume":"18","author":"Fatima","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib52","first-page":"49","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes associated with the Delta variant: a prospective cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Gallant","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac228","article-title":"The protective effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination on postacute sequelae of COVID-19: a multicenter study from a Large National Health Research Network","volume":"9","author":"Zisis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/42315","article-title":"Epidemiology, symptomatology, and risk factors for long COVID symptoms: population-based, multicenter study","volume":"9","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00414-9","article-title":"The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent long COVID symptoms: staggered cohort study of data from the UK, Spain, and Estonia","volume":"12","author":"Catal\u00e0","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063141","article-title":"Presence of symptoms 6 weeks after COVID-19 among vaccinated and unvaccinated US healthcare personnel: a prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Mohr","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib57","article-title":"Effect of vaccination on time till Long COVID, a comparison of two ways to model effect of vaccination and two outcome definitions","author":"Smits","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01886-9","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 condition is not only a question of persistent symptoms: structured screening including health-related quality of life reveals two separate clusters of post-COVID","volume":"51","author":"Giszas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib59","article-title":"Early treatment, inflammation and post-COVID conditions","author":"Gebo","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7355","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S381070","article-title":"A comprehensive assessment of self-reported post COVID-19 symptoms among beneficiaries of Hospital Employee Scheme at a Tertiary Healthcare Institution in Northern India","volume":"15","author":"Senjam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad225","article-title":"Postacute symptoms 4 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period: a nationwide Danish questionnaire study","volume":"193","author":"Spiliopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051915","article-title":"The very long COVID: persistence of symptoms after 12\u201318 months from the onset of infection and hospitalization","volume":"12","author":"Ranucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2903.221522","article-title":"Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in university setting","volume":"29","author":"Landry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52925-4","article-title":"Association of vaccine status, reinfections, and risk factors with long COVID syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Romero-Ibarguengoitia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib65","article-title":"COVID-19 long-term sequelae: omicron versus Alpha and Delta variants","volume":"53","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Aceituno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Now"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18584","article-title":"Frailty as a risk factor for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 among US veterans during the Delta and Omicron waves","volume":"71","author":"Hammel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33415-5","article-title":"Outcomes among confirmed cases and a matched comparison group in the Long-COVID in Scotland study","volume":"13","author":"Hastie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.24359","article-title":"Rates and factors associated with documentation of diagnostic codes for long COVID in the national veterans affairs health care system","volume":"5","author":"Ioannou","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.38804","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of long COVID symptoms among US adults","volume":"5","author":"Perlis","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48022-9","article-title":"Post-COVID conditions following COVID-19 vaccination: a retrospective matched cohort study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"15","author":"Malden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281429","article-title":"Post COVID-19 condition after Wildtype, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and prior vaccination: pooled analysis of two population-based cohorts","volume":"18","author":"Ballouz","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38388-7","article-title":"Long COVID risk and pre-COVID vaccination in an EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER program","volume":"14","author":"Brannock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac464","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac464","article-title":"Risk of long COVID in people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 after 2 doses of a coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine: community-based, matched cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Ayoubkhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41541-x","article-title":"Predictors of the post-COVID condition following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"14","author":"Reme","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48825-w","article-title":"Acute and post-acute respiratory complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection: population-based cohort study in South Korea and Japan","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13030267","article-title":"The course of COVID-19 and long COVID: identifying risk factors among patients suffering from the disease before and during the Omicron-Dominant period","volume":"13","author":"Babicki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.02.031","article-title":"Risk factors and early preventive measures for long COVID in non-hospitalized patients: analysis of a large cohort in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"230","author":"Saheb Sharif-Askari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.17440","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"7","author":"Oelsner","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib79","article-title":"Disability and functional status among patients post Covid 19\u2014a tertiary care hospital based prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00082-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent long COVID: data from Norway","volume":"12","author":"Trinh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib81","first-page":"202","article-title":"The prevalence of long COVID-19 syndrome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"32","author":"Petrakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib82","article-title":"Risk factors for long Covid in a United States prospective longitudinal community-based cohort","author":"Robertson","year":"2024","journal-title":"SSRN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib83","article-title":"The impact of COVID vaccination on incidence of long COVID and healthcare resource utilisation in a primary care cohort in England, 2021-2022","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29668","article-title":"Risks of alopecia areata in long COVID: binational population-based cohort studies from South Korea and Japan","volume":"96","author":"Kyung","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.11691","article-title":"Association between BNT162b2 vaccination and long COVID after infections not requiring hospitalization in health care workers","volume":"328","author":"Azzolini","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00460-6","article-title":"Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID symptom study app: a prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Antonelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad500.2466","article-title":"1935. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination reduces the occurrence of post-COVID conditions in U.S. children aged 5-17 years following Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection, July 2021-September 2022","volume":"10","author":"Yousaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib88","series-title":"Long COVID in a multicentric Brazilian cohort: acute phase symptom burden and second booster dose vaccination effects","author":"Barboza","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403211","article-title":"Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pre-delta, delta, and omicron eras","volume":"391","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081755","article-title":"Long-COVID clinical features and risk factors: a retrospective analysis of patients from the STOP-COVID registry of the PoLoCOV study","volume":"14","author":"Chudzik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.37506\/ijfmt.v16i4.18609","article-title":"A comparative study to the persistence post COVID syndrome and the infection period between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients in Al Basrah province","volume":"16","author":"Alradhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061370","article-title":"Do COVID-19 vaccinations affect the most common post-COVID symptoms? Initial data from the STOP-COVID register-12-month follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Babicki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8823","article-title":"Development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"329","author":"Thaweethai","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072613","article-title":"Long-COVID-19 in asymptomatic, non-hospitalized, and hospitalized populations: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Bostanci","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.02.429","article-title":"(414) Low incidence of long COVID in heart transplant recipients","volume":"42","author":"Feinman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib96","article-title":"Effect of COVID-19 vaccine on long-COVID: a 2-year follow-up observational study from hospitals in north India","author":"Budhiraja","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102107","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes and quality of life to define post-COVID-19 syndrome: a cluster analysis of the multinational, prospective ORCHESTRA cohort","volume":"62","author":"Gentilotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035537","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 among pediatric liver transplant recipients in the delta and omicron variant pandemic: a retrospective study","volume":"102","author":"Getsuwan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.04.036","article-title":"Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 protects from morbidity, mortality and sequelae from COVID19 in patients with cancer","volume":"171","author":"Pinato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14167","article-title":"Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"25","author":"Sigler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5397","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14958","article-title":"Gustatory dysfunction and long COVID in Chinese patients with COVID-19: a 6-month follow-up study","volume":"30","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae039","article-title":"Reduction in long COVID symptoms and symptom severity in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated adults","volume":"11","author":"Maier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101961","article-title":"Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (Long Covid) in children: a prospective cohort study","volume":"59","author":"Morello","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14742","article-title":"Long COVID active case detection initiative among COVID-19 patients in Port Dickson, Malaysia: a retrospective study on the positive outcomes, the proportion of patients with long COVID and its associated factors","volume":"11","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.03.016","article-title":"Exacerbated gastrointestinal symptoms and long COVID in IBD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multi-center study from Taiwan","volume":"123","author":"Tsai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1725_22","article-title":"Profile of COVID-19 breakthrough cases and its comparison with unvaccinated COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers in a tertiary care centre in North Kerala","volume":"12","author":"Rajasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib107","article-title":"Longitudinal clinical phenotyping of post COVID condition in Mexican adults recovering from severe COVID-19: a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295969","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of long COVID-19 in Jordan: a cross sectional survey","volume":"19","author":"Obeidat","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib109","first-page":"74","article-title":"Autoimmune serologies, cell-bound complement activation products, and autoimmune rheumatic disease symptoms after COVID-19 infection","author":"Oakes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152025","article-title":"DMARD disruption, rheumatic disease flare, and prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration after acute COVID-19 among patients with rheumatic disease: a prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Di Iorio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1127582","article-title":"Prevalence and associating factors of long COVID in pediatric patients during the Delta and the Omicron variants","volume":"11","author":"Lokanuwatsatien","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104519","article-title":"Investigation of liquid biopsy analytes in peripheral blood of individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"90","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.49613","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 condition in children 6 and 12 months after infection","volume":"6","author":"Dun-Dery","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026_bib114","series-title":"WHO SAGE roadmap for prioritizing uses of COVID-19 vaccines","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X25003672?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X25003672?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T11:27:37Z","timestamp":1772882857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X25003672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X25003672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against post-COVID-19 condition\/long COVID: systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.07.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}