{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:11:11Z","timestamp":1787062271196,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013281","name":"Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T05:38:50Z","timestamp":1763444330000},"page":"554-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["New drugs, old problems: a narrative review of antibiotic stewardship programme in the era of novel gram-negative antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Pilar","family":"Retamar-Gentil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Beltrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Carrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO bacterial priority pathogens list. 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240093461. Accessed 2 Dec 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5","article-title":"The WHO bacterial priority pathogens list 2024: a prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance","author":"Sati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990-2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00026","article-title":"Innovation in antimicrobial resistance: the CARB-X perspective","volume":"6","author":"Alm","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib5","unstructured":"The global antibiotic research and development partnership (GARDP). https:\/\/gardp.org\/. Accessed 2 Dec 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00054-22","article-title":"Leaks in the pipeline: a failure analysis of Gram-negative antibiotic development from 2010 to 2020","volume":"66","author":"Prasad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2911.230830","article-title":"Ceftazidime\/avibactam resistance in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"29","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-025-00800-z","article-title":"Diverse modes of ceftazidime\/avibactam resistance acquisition in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Chinese intensive care unit","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.08.020","article-title":"Emergence of ceftazidime\/avibactam resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in China","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad086","article-title":"Outbreak by KPC-62-producing ST307 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to ceftazidime\/avibactam and cefiderocol in a university hospital in Madrid, Spain","volume":"78","author":"Castillo-Polo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.09.025","article-title":"Introducing new antibiotics for multidrug-resistant bacteria: obstacles and the way forward","volume":"31","author":"T\u00e4ngd\u00e9n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlae158","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae158","article-title":"To assess the availability of antibiotics for online sale and comparison of e-pharmacies on key characteristics influencing safe and rational use of antibiotics: an exploratory analysis","volume":"6","author":"Kaur","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12962-021-00263-x","article-title":"WHO key access antibiotics price, availability and affordability in private sector pharmacies in Pakistan","volume":"19","author":"Saleem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cost Eff Resour Alloc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib14","first-page":"CD003543","article-title":"Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients","volume":"2","author":"Davey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib15","unstructured":"JPIAMR. Optimized strategies for introducing new antibiotics in healthcare to preserve patient safety and counteract emergence of resistance (INTRODUCE). https:\/\/www.jpiamr.eu\/projects\/introduce\/. Accesed 2 DEc 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.04.016","article-title":"Successful implementation of a bundle to prevent increased excessive-spectrum antimicrobial use under new EUCAST susceptibility definitions: a quasi-experimental study in a tertiary hospital","volume":"161","author":"Duch-Llorach","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib17","article-title":"A pre-post quasi-experimental study of antimicrobial stewardship exploring the impact of a multidisciplinary approach aimed at attaining an aggressive joint pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic target with ceftazidime\/avibactam","volume":"69","author":"Gatti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107202","article-title":"Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program indicator on the appropriateness of the empiric antibiotic treatment of urinary source Escherichia coli bacteraemia","volume":"64","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.31925\/farmacia.2025.2.12","article-title":"Implementation of an antibiotic restriction formulary and the impact on consumption in a Romanian hospital: a three-year retrospective study","volume":"73","author":"H\u00eencu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Farmacia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac235","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac235","article-title":"Impact of clinical decision support system implementation at a community hospital with an existing tele-antimicrobial stewardship program","volume":"9","author":"Khadem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106811","article-title":"Impact of a real-time diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship workflow on time to appropriate therapy for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms","volume":"61","author":"McCrinck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-024-01271-9","article-title":"Impact of a multidisciplinary management team on clinical outcome in ICU patients affected by gram-negative bloodstream infections: a pre-post quasi-experimental study","volume":"14","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X25005622?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X25005622?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T10:39:09Z","timestamp":1773916749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X25005622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X25005622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New drugs, old problems: a narrative review of antibiotic stewardship programme in the era of novel gram-negative antibiotics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.11.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}