{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:54:29Z","timestamp":1781528069339,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005041","name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004441","name":"Styrelsen f\u00f6r Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPIAMR2021-053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPIAMR2021-053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T23:35:14Z","timestamp":1768088114000},"page":"1125-1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Faecal colonization with extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase\u2013producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in rural Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Valia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahima","family":"Karama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brecht","family":"Ingelbeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakaria","family":"Garba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"van Kleef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palpouguini","family":"Lompo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Tiendrebeogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9renger","family":"Kabor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Kiemd\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibidou","family":"Yougbare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alix L.","family":"Tiendrebeogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Van Puyvelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anais","family":"Prizzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Vandenbroucke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Argud\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet M.","family":"Kabamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halidou","family":"Tinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne A.B.","family":"van der Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Rodriguez-Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.08.011","article-title":"The CTX-M \u03b2-lactamase pandemic","volume":"9","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15514.2","article-title":"Gut mucosal colonisation with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089103","article-title":"Frequency of severe malaria and invasive bacterial infections among children admitted to a rural hospital in Burkina Faso","volume":"9","author":"Maltha","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-022-01142-7","article-title":"Escherichia coli from urine samples of pregnant women as an indicator for antimicrobial resistance in the community: a field study from rural Burkina Faso","volume":"11","author":"Post","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e357","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30130-5","article-title":"Attributable sources of community-acquired carriage of Escherichia coli containing \u03b2-lactam antibiotic resistance genes: a population-based modelling study","volume":"3","author":"Mughini-Gras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13868","article-title":"Healthcare seeking outside healthcare facilities and antibiotic dispensing patterns in rural Burkina Faso: a mixed methods study","volume":"28","author":"Valia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01079-y","article-title":"Population genomics of Escherichia coli in livestock-keeping households across a rapidly developing urban landscape","volume":"7","author":"Muloi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0356","article-title":"Fecal carriage of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in hospitalized patients and healthy community volunteers in Burkina Faso","volume":"23","author":"Ou\u00e9draogo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys159","article-title":"Profile: Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system","volume":"41","author":"Derra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178577","article-title":"Population-based incidence, seasonality and serotype distribution of invasive salmonellosis among children in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso","volume":"12","author":"Guiraud","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100956","article-title":"Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the rapid detection of the predominant beta-lactamase genes CTX-M, SHV, TEM and CIT-type ampcs in enterobacteriaceae","volume":"9","author":"Roschanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib13","article-title":"Steps to construct new DHS wealth index","volume":"6","author":"Rutstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wealth Index Constr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00191","article-title":"Escherichia coli bloodstream infections in patients at a University Hospital: virulence factors and clinical characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Daga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0134","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, and carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli in Burkina Faso","volume":"27","author":"Sanou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061139","article-title":"Genome sequences of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli recovered from mid-stream urine samples in Accra, Ghana","volume":"12","author":"Dayie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib17","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae","volume":"4","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0007","article-title":"Plasmidic fluoroquinolone resistance genes in fluoroquinolone-resistant and\/or extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from pediatric and adult patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection","volume":"26","author":"Akgoz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad402","article-title":"Treatment, outcomes and characterization of pathogens in urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales: a prospective multicentre study","volume":"79","author":"Montelin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03108-0","article-title":"Wastewater from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso is a source of ESBL, AmpC-\u03b2-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"23","author":"Garba","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.09.010","article-title":"Prevalence of carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales colonization and risk factor of clinical infection","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2021.106448","article-title":"Dissemination of an international high-risk clone of Escherichia coli ST410 co-producing NDM-5 and OXA-181 carbapenemases in Seoul, Republic of Korea","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlac048","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlac048","article-title":"Comparison of the global prevalence and trend of human intestinal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli between healthcare and community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Bezabih","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw283","article-title":"Fecal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and risk factors among healthy individuals: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"63","author":"Karanika","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae252","article-title":"Antibiotic use by clinical presentation across all healthcare providers in rural Burkina Faso: a healthcare visit exit survey","volume":"79","author":"Valia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.04.002","article-title":"Antibiotic use from formal and informal healthcare providers in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a population-based study in two health zones","volume":"28","author":"Ingelbeen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e534","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00062-9","article-title":"Investigating One Health risks for human colonisation with extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Malawian households: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Cocker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100850","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00065-X","article-title":"Implementation of the WHO Tricycle protocol for surveillance of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in humans, chickens, and the environment in Madagascar: a prospective genomic epidemiology study","volume":"5","author":"Milenkov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1139","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30268-2","article-title":"The WASH benefits and SHINE trials: Interpretation of WASH intervention effects on linear growth and diarrhoea","volume":"7","author":"Pickering","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-025-01986-w","article-title":"Contaminated drinking water facilitates Escherichia coli strain-sharing within households in urban informal settlements","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X26000017?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X26000017?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:11:40Z","timestamp":1781525500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X26000017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X26000017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Faecal colonization with extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase\u2013producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in rural Burkina Faso","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.03.038","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}