{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:51:53Z","timestamp":1791741113089,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:25:55Z","timestamp":1769127955000},"page":"1060-1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The role of the gut microbiome in multidrug-resistant organism colonization and infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Blair","family":"Merrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Davido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon D.","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.11.007","article-title":"Screening for antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in hospitalised patients, and risk of progression from colonisation to infection: Systematic review","volume":"84","author":"Arzilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1086\/422002","article-title":"The Role of the Intestinal Tract as a Reservoir and Source for Transmission of Nosocomial Pathogens","volume":"39","author":"Donskey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186195","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae colonization (CRE) and subsequent risk of infection and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients, an observational study","volume":"12","author":"McConville","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.08.021","article-title":"Colonisation with extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and risk for infection among patients with solid or haematological malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Alevizakos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3535","article-title":"Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal pathogens","volume":"13","author":"Buffie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00974-15","article-title":"Antibiotic-Induced Alterations of the Murine Gut Microbiota and Subsequent Effects on Colonization Resistance against Clostridium difficile","volume":"6","author":"Schubert","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.05.002","article-title":"Intestinal colonization resistance in the context of environmental, host, and microbial determinants","volume":"32","author":"Woelfel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres15030085","article-title":"Exploring the Antibacterial Potential of Bile Salts: Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Cell Growth in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"15","author":"Tyagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181639","article-title":"Inhibiting antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae by microbiota-mediated intracellular acidification","volume":"216","author":"Sorbara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011600","article-title":"Bacteriophages targeting protective commensals impair resistance against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in gnotobiotic mice","volume":"19","author":"von Strempel","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dongre DS, Saha UB, Saroj SD. Exploring the role of gut microbiota in antibiotic resistance and prevention. Ann Med. 57(1):2478317. doi:10.1080\/07853890.2025.2478317 PubMed PMID: 40096354; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11915737.","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2478317"},{"issue":"7771","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1501-z","article-title":"Microbiota-derived lantibiotic restores resistance against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus","volume":"572","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0123-9","article-title":"Nutritional preferences of human gut bacteria reveal their metabolic idiosyncrasies","volume":"3","author":"Tramontano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"6655","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg0727","article-title":"Emergent coexistence in multispecies microbial communities","volume":"381","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6676","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adj3502","article-title":"Microbiome diversity protects against pathogens by nutrient blocking","volume":"382","author":"Spragge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.005","article-title":"Crosstalk between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Intestinal Epithelial HIF Augments Tissue Barrier Function","volume":"17","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"7214","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07250","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci exploit antibiotic-induced innate immune deficits","volume":"455","author":"Brandl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-020420-013457","article-title":"How Food Affects Colonization Resistance Against Enteropathogenic Bacteria","volume":"74","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108229","article-title":"Dietary Emulsifiers Directly Impact Adherent-Invasive E. coli Gene Expression to Drive Chronic Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"33","author":"Viennois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-01095-6","article-title":"Artificial sweeteners stimulate horizontal transfer of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes through natural transformation","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"7953","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05801-6","article-title":"The dietary sweetener sucralose is a negative modulator of T cell-mediated responses","volume":"615","author":"Zani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-021-00126-8","article-title":"The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity","volume":"22","author":"Bosco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5094","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40872-z","article-title":"Antibiotics promote intestinal growth of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae by enriching nutrients and depleting microbial metabolites","volume":"14","author":"Yip","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-08106-6","article-title":"Antibiotics with anaerobic coverage are associated with disproportionate gut microbiota disruption in ICU patients: a multi-centre, longitudinal observational study","volume":"51","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"8076","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09217-2","article-title":"Non-antibiotics disrupt colonization resistance against enteropathogens","volume":"644","author":"Grie\u00dfhammer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaf046","article-title":"Exploring and evaluating microbiome resilience in the gut","volume":"101","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis580","article-title":"Intestinal Domination and the Risk of Bacteremia in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"55","author":"Taur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S48820","article-title":"Horizontal gene transfer in the human gastrointestinal tract: potential spread of antibiotic resistance genes","volume":"7","author":"Huddleston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"7314","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09415","article-title":"Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella","volume":"467","author":"Winter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.03.004","article-title":"Depletion of Butyrate-Producing Clostridia from the Gut Microbiota Drives an Aerobic Luminal Expansion of Salmonella","volume":"19","author":"Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"720","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo2750","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation promotes reduction of antimicrobial resistance by strain replacement","volume":"15","author":"Woodworth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.01.015","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for infection by multi-drug-resistant organisms in intensive care unit patients","volume":"158","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04999-9","article-title":"Gut colonization with multidrug resistant organisms in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Heath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Lond Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.06.020","article-title":"Risk of multi-drug-resistant organism acquisition from prior bed occupants in the intensive care unit: a meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0390-5","article-title":"Germs of thrones - spontaneous decolonization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) in Western Europe: is this myth or reality?","volume":"7","author":"Davido","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30319-X","article-title":"Import and spread of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by international travellers (COMBAT study): a prospective, multicentre cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Arcilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad369","article-title":"Within-Host Dynamics and Duration of Colonization of Travel-Acquired Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales in Untreated Individuals","volume":"77","author":"Cotto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00020-X","article-title":"Comprehensive examination of travel-related antimicrobial resistance and the gut microbiome","volume":"5","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib39","first-page":"1364","article-title":"Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of the colonization or infection of multidrug-resistant organisms in adults: a systematic review, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.01.004","article-title":"Changes in the gut microbiota and risk of colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria, infection, and death in critical care patients","volume":"28","author":"Garcia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-023-00567-8","article-title":"Gut microbiome dynamics and associations with mortality in critically ill patients","volume":"15","author":"Salameh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.101063","article-title":"How can the gut microbiome be targeted to fight multidrug-resistant organisms?","author":"Davido","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/idr15030025","article-title":"Modulation of the Gut Microbiota to Control Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)\u2014A Narrative Review with a Focus on Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)","volume":"15","author":"Merrick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000945","article-title":"Microbiotoxicity: antibiotic usage and its unintended harm to the microbiome","volume":"36","author":"Theodosiou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.09.007","article-title":"Antibiotic use and microbiome function","volume":"134","author":"Ferrer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz698","article-title":"Each Additional Day of Antibiotics Is Associated With Lower Gut Anaerobes in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients","volume":"70","author":"Rooney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13060537","article-title":"Incidence of Antibiotic Exposure for Suspected and Proven Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis between 2019 and 2021: A Retrospective, Multicentre Study","volume":"13","author":"van Veen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30325-0","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of infection and colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Baur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30186-4","article-title":"Anthropological and socioeconomic factors contributing to global antimicrobial resistance: a univariate and multivariable analysis","volume":"2","author":"Collignon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.07.029","article-title":"Variability in follow-up strategies for carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative carriers: results from an international scoping survey","author":"B\u00fcchler","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02498-9","article-title":"Infection prevention and control measures for multidrug-resistant organisms: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Geng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027683","article-title":"Analysis of the challenges in implementing guidelines to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negatives in Europe","volume":"9","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.23139","article-title":"Selective Digestive Decontamination in Hemato-Oncological Patients Colonized with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales","volume":"38","author":"Lu\u00eds","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta M\u00e9dica Port"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib55","first-page":"2375","article-title":"Decolonization of intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae with oral colistin and neomycin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Huttner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.01.005","article-title":"ESCMID-EUCIC clinical guidelines on decolonization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria carriers","volume":"25","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0061-2","article-title":"You are what you eat: diet, health and the gut microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Zmora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.04.063","article-title":"The antibiotic activity and mechanisms of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) molasses polyphenols against selected food-borne pathogens","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"LWT - Food Sci Technol."},{"issue":"7484","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1192936","article-title":"Building better barriers: how nutrition and undernutrition impact pediatric intestinal health","volume":"14","author":"Andres","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2024.03.007","article-title":"Nutritional Strategies To Improve VRE Control","volume":"30","author":"Morello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.08.019","article-title":"Probiotics for intestinal decolonization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Ljungquist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman MN, Barua N, Tin MCF, Dharmaratne P, Wong SH, Ip M. The use of probiotics and prebiotics in decolonizing pathogenic bacteria from the gut; a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes. Gut Microbes. 16(1):2356279. doi:10.1080\/19490976.2024.2356279 PubMed PMID: 38778521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11123511.","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2356279"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500665","article-title":"Consumption of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 impacts upper respiratory tract infection and the function of NK and T cells in healthy adults","volume":"60","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.047","article-title":"Post-Antibiotic Gut Mucosal Microbiome Reconstitution Is Impaired by Probiotics and Improved by Autologous FMT","volume":"174","author":"Suez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-024-01306-7","article-title":"Long-term beneficial effect of faecal microbiota transplantation on colonisation of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistome abundance in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection","volume":"16","author":"Nooij","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.12.009","article-title":"A 5-day course of oral antibiotics followed by faecal transplantation to eradicate carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Huttner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106504","article-title":"Faecal microbiota transplant to ERadicate gastrointestinal carriage of Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms (FERARO): A feasibility randomised controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Merrick","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa948","article-title":"Disease Prevention Not Decolonization: A Model for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients Colonized With Multidrug-resistant Organisms","volume":"72","author":"Ghani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.03.001","volume":"148","author":"Mullish","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61327-7","article-title":"Suppression of gut colonization by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolates through cooperative niche exclusion","volume":"16","author":"Wende","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib72","first-page":"ofad500","article-title":"2521. VE707, a Defined Live Biotherapeutic Product for Prevention of Infection by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Medlock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab466.130","article-title":"130. Design and Preclinical Characterization of SER-155, an Investigational Cultivated Microbiome Therapeutic to Restore Colonization Resistance and Prevent Infection in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2127633","article-title":"Microcin MccI47 selectively inhibits enteric bacteria and reduces carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization in vivo when administered via an engineered live biotherapeutic","volume":"14","author":"Mortzfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.08.005","article-title":"Using CRISPR-Cas systems as antimicrobials","volume":"37","author":"Bikard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30731-X","article-title":"Use of ribaxamase (SYN-004), a \u03b2-lactamase, to prevent Clostridium difficile infection in \u03b2-lactam-treated patients: a double-blind, phase 2b, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Kokai-Kun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab474","article-title":"An open randomized multicentre Phase 2 trial to assess the safety of DAV132 and its efficacy to protect gut microbiota diversity in hospitalized patients treated with fluoroquinolones","volume":"77","author":"Vehreschild","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-1509","article-title":"Duration of Antibiotic Therapy: Shorter Is Better","volume":"171","author":"Spellberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudoir MJ, Ishaq SL, Beiko RG, Silva DS, Allen-Vercoe E, O\u2019Doherty KC. The case for microbiome stewardship: what it is and how to get there. mSystems. 10(5):e00062-25. doi:10.1128\/msystems.00062-25 PubMed PMID: 40237447; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12090735.","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00062-25"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101239","article-title":"UK Government dismantles the Fleming Fund","author":"Burki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2024.108492","article-title":"Current innovations in mRNA vaccines for targeting multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"79","author":"Imani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"issue":"10325","key":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X26000091?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X26000091?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:25:06Z","timestamp":1781195106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X26000091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X26000091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of the gut microbiome in multidrug-resistant organism colonization and infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.01.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}