{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:05:29Z","timestamp":1790802329802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12372322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12372322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:30:09Z","timestamp":1788190209000},"page":"109627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A computer vision-based modeling pipeline to facilitate efficient video-to-strain analysis of human tibia during dynamic gait"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"Xin-Sheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8091-5769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0409-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-15-00571","article-title":"Epidemiology of lower extremity stress fractures in the United States military","volume":"181","author":"Waterman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199604000-00004","article-title":"Stress fractures: a review of 180 cases","volume":"6","author":"Brukner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318215f779","article-title":"Anemia, iron deficiency, and stress fractures in female combatants during 16 months","volume":"25","author":"Yanovich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1949637","article-title":"Promoting adaptive bone formation to prevent stress fractures in military personnel","volume":"22","author":"Hughes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677508989216","article-title":"Bone deformation recorded in vivo from strain gauges attached to the human tibial shaft","volume":"46","author":"Lanyon","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(96)00028-2","article-title":"In vivo measurement of human tibial strains during vigorous activity","volume":"18","author":"Burr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.3.195","article-title":"Do high impact exercises produce higher tibial strains than running","volume":"34","author":"Milgrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0008","first-page":"222","article-title":"Participation in ball sports may represent a prehabilitation strategy to prevent future stress fractures and promote bone health in young athletes","volume":"7","author":"Tenforde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0009","article-title":"Strain energy in human tibia during different exercises with adjustable leg weights: a subject\u2011specific computational model analysis","volume":"1007","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411919851302","article-title":"Assessment of hand function during activities of daily living using motion tracking cameras: a systematic review","volume":"233","author":"Reissner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2013.03.001","article-title":"Affordable clinical gait analysis: an assessment of the marker tracking accuracy of a new low-cost optical 3D motion analysis system","volume":"99","author":"Carse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0012","first-page":"2458","article-title":"Single marker method to estimate center-of-mass velocity during vertical jumps","volume":"21","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Educ. Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2929257","article-title":"OpenPose: realtime multi-person 2D pose estimation using part affinity fields","volume":"43","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern. Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0014","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"14676","article-title":"Bottom-up human pose estimation via disentangled keypoint regression","author":"Geng","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0015","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"2334","article-title":"RMPE: Regional multi-person pose estimation","author":"Fang","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110665","article-title":"Concurrent assessment of gait kinematics using marker-based and markerless motion capture","volume":"127","author":"Kanko","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2011.12.010","article-title":"Hierarchical pose estimation for human gait analysis","volume":"106","author":"Spehr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2015.12.003","article-title":"A markerless system based on smartphones and webcam for the measure of step length, width and duration on treadmill","volume":"125","author":"Barone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.04.002","article-title":"Estimation and validation of temporal gait features using a markerless 2D video system","volume":"175","author":"Verlekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0020","article-title":"A comparison of lower body gait kinematics and kinetics between Theia3D markerless and marker-based models in healthy subjects and clinical patients","volume":"14","author":"Souza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011462","article-title":"OpenCap: human movement dynamics from smartphone videos","volume":"19","author":"Uhlrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2024.1417965","article-title":"Biological reliability of a movement analysis assessment using a markerless motion capture system","volume":"6","author":"Philipp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Sports Act. Living."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.04.005","article-title":"Ground reaction force and joint moment estimation during gait using an Azure Kinect-driven musculoskeletal modeling approach","volume":"95","author":"Ripic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gait. Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.107016","article-title":"Enabling gait analysis in the telemedicine practice through portable and accurate 3D human pose estimation","volume":"225","author":"Martini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"11488","article-title":"HuMoR: 3D human motion model for robust pose estimation","author":"Rempe","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0026","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"5442","article-title":"AMASS: Archive of motion capture as surface shapes","author":"Mahmood","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2024.112027","article-title":"Markerless gait analysis through a single camera and computer vision","volume":"165","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0028","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"4450","article-title":"PlaneRCNN: 3D plane detection and reconstruction from a single image","author":"Liu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0029","first-page":"227","article-title":"Anatomy and geometry constrained one-stage framework for 3D human pose estimation","volume":"12622","author":"Cao","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0030","series-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Medical Imaging with Deep Learning (MIDL), Proceedings of Machine Learning Research","first-page":"173","article-title":"Domain adaptation through anatomical constraints for 3D human pose estimation under the cover","volume":"172","author":"Bigalke","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0031","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"398","article-title":"Towards 3D human pose estimation in the wild: A weakly-supervised approach","author":"Zhou","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06897-7","article-title":"A neuromusculoskeletal modelling approach to bilateral hip mechanics due to unexpected lateral perturbations during overground walking","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC. Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.04.030","article-title":"Prediction of ground reaction forces and moments during various activities of daily living","volume":"47","author":"Fluit","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-016-9537-4","article-title":"Prediction of ground reaction forces and moments during sports-related movements","volume":"39","author":"Skals","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multibody. Syst. Dyn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56020056","article-title":"Development of a knee joint CT-FEM model in load response of the stance phase during walking using muscle exertion, motion analysis, and ground reaction force data","volume":"56","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3310","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3310","article-title":"Finite element analysis of bone-prosthesis interface micromotion for cementless talar component fixation through critical loading conditions","volume":"36","author":"Moideen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Method. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2022.913052","article-title":"Recent machine learning progress in lower limb running biomechanics with wearable technology: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurorobot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0038","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chiropr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111358","article-title":"A kinematic-geometric model based on ankles depth trajectory in frontal plane for gait analysis using a single RGB-D camera","volume":"145","author":"Hatamzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107485","article-title":"A deep learning system to monitor and assess rehabilitation exercises in home-based remote and unsupervised conditions","volume":"166","author":"Mennella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-016-9537-4","article-title":"Prediction of ground reaction forces and moments during sports-related movements","volume":"39","author":"Skals","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multibody. Syst. Dyn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/23335432.2018.1514278","article-title":"How sensitive are predicted muscle and knee contact forces to normalization factors and polynomial order in the muscle recruitment criterion formulation","volume":"5","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103687","article-title":"A review of computational approaches for evaluation of rehabilitation exercises","volume":"119","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2716186","article-title":"Influence of shoulder kinematic estimate on joint and muscle mechanics predicted by musculoskeletal model","volume":"65","author":"Blache","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(96)00028-2","article-title":"In vivo measurement of human tibial strains during vigorous activity","volume":"18","author":"Burr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0047","article-title":"In vivo strains at the middle and distal thirds of the tibia during exertional activities","volume":"16","author":"Milgrom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4034216","article-title":"An integrated musculoskeletal-finite-element model to evaluate effects of load carriage on the tibia during walking","volume":"138","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211014854","article-title":"Peak and per-step tibial bone stress during walking and running in female and male recreational runners","volume":"49","author":"Meardon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.09.009","article-title":"Subject-specific finite element models implementing a maximum principal strain criterion are able to estimate failure risk and fracture location on human femurs tested in vitro","volume":"41","author":"Schileo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.08.024","article-title":"Mathematical relationships between bone density and mechanical properties: a literature review","volume":"23","author":"Helgason","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.879473","article-title":"Finite-element modeling of bones from CT data: sensitivity to geometry and material uncertainties","volume":"53","author":"Taddei","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."}],"container-title":["Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169260726003767?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169260726003767?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:29:48Z","timestamp":1790800188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169260726003767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0169260726003767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-2607","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A computer vision-based modeling pipeline to facilitate efficient video-to-strain analysis of human tibia during dynamic gait","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2026.109627","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109627"}}