{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:15:38Z","timestamp":1763640938299,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,18]],"date-time":"2005-04-18T10:53:11Z","timestamp":1113821591000},"page":"145-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk factors for coronary heart disease in women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Newton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"1988","series-title":"A dictionary of epidemiology","author":"Last","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB1"},{"year":"1986","series-title":"Modern epidemiology","author":"Rothman","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Wonder. Mortality. Available: http:\/\/wonder.CDC.gov\/WONDER. Accessed October 1998."},{"year":"2002","series-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20132003 update","author":"American Heart Association","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809243391301","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction and in mortality due to coronary heart disease, 1987 to 1994","volume":"339","author":"Rosamond","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.11.1422","article-title":"Divergence of the recent trends in coronary mortality for the four major race-sex groups in the United States","volume":"78","author":"Sempos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198504183121601","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction and in associated mortality and morbidity in a large employed population, 1957\u20131983","volume":"312","author":"Pell","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116381","article-title":"Myocardial infarction and coronary death among women: psychosocial predictors from a 20-year follow-up of women in the Framingham Study","volume":"135","author":"Eaker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198909073211004","article-title":"Menopause and risk factors for coronary heart disease","volume":"321","author":"Matthews","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30458-1","article-title":"Psychosocial factors in the epidemiology of coronary heart disease in women","volume":"12","author":"Eaker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB11","series-title":"Coronary heart disease in women","first-page":"90","article-title":"Coronary heart disease mortality and its predictors among women in Charleston, South Carolina","author":"Keil","year":"1987"},{"year":"1973","series-title":"Differential mortality in the United States: a study of socioeconomic epidemiology","author":"Kitagawa","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB12"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059401","article-title":"Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Copenhagen","volume":"10","author":"Nyboe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112229","article-title":"Psychosocial factors and the risk of myocardial infarctions in white women","volume":"103","author":"Szklo","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(77)80040-4","article-title":"Biologic and psychosocial risk factors of sudden death from coronary disease in white women","volume":"39","author":"Talbott","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.3.1176","article-title":"Relation of risk factor levels in young adulthood to parental history of disease. The CARDIA study","volume":"84","author":"Burke","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00581-1","article-title":"Parental history of premature coronary heart disease: an independent risk factor of myocardial infarction","volume":"49","author":"Jousilahti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.6.2065","article-title":"Role of family history in patients with myocardial infarction. An Italian case-control study. GISSI-EFRIM Investigators","volume":"85","author":"Roncaglioni","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00635-3","article-title":"Family history as a risk factor for early onset myocardial infarction in young women","volume":"156","author":"Friedlander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB20","series-title":"Coronary heart disease in women","first-page":"112","article-title":"Coronary heart disease risk factors in women: the Nurse's Health Study experience","author":"Stampfer","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB21","series-title":"Coronary heart disease in women","first-page":"117","article-title":"A ten-year prospective study of coronary heart disease mortality among Rancho Bernardo women","author":"Barrett-Connor","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB22","first-page":"642","article-title":"Epidemiology Branch. Office on Smoking and Health. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Cigarette smoking among adults\u2013United States, 2000","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors\u2013United States, 1900\u20131994","volume":"43","author":"Giovino","year":"1994","journal-title":"MMWR CDC Surveill Summ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB24","first-page":"230","article-title":"Epidemiology Branch. Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics. Cigarette smoking among adults\u2013United States, 1991","volume":"42","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.1.1","article-title":"Passive smoking and heart disease. Epidemiology, physiology, and biochemistry","volume":"83","author":"Glantz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059894","article-title":"Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Copenhagen","volume":"12","author":"Jensen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197806082982302","article-title":"Relation of cigarette smoking to myocardial infarction in young women","volume":"298","author":"Slone","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6667.165","article-title":"Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in women: evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study","volume":"298","author":"Croft","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114599","article-title":"Risk factors for myocardial infarction in young women","volume":"125","author":"La Vecchia","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001253220401","article-title":"Decline in the risk of myocardial infarction among women who stop smoking","volume":"322","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520300035033","article-title":"Weight, weight changes, and coronary heart disease in women, risk within the \u201cnormal\u201d weight range","volume":"273","author":"Willett","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30498-1","article-title":"Older adults and smoking","volume":"8","author":"LaCroix","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198811243192101","article-title":"Beneficial six-year outcome of smoking cessation in older men and women with coronary artery disease. Results from the CASS registry","volume":"319","author":"Hermanson","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.43.4.463","article-title":"Stopping smoking and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"43","author":"Salonen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106063242303","article-title":"Smoking and mortality among older men and women in three communities","volume":"324","author":"LaCroix","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(87)90964-1","article-title":"New perspectives on cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"114","author":"Kannel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.2.199","article-title":"Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988\u20132000","volume":"290","author":"Hajjar","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"year":"1980","series-title":"The Framingham Study: the epidemiology of atherosclerotic disease","author":"Dawber","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB38"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-4-287","article-title":"Hypertension in women: what is really known? The Women's Caucus, Working Group on Women's Health of the Society of General Internal Medicine","volume":"115","author":"Anastos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6824.405","article-title":"MRC Working Party. Trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results","volume":"304","author":"Medical Research Council","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199106182-00007","article-title":"Hypertension and coronary artery disease: an unsolved problem","volume":"18","author":"Ramsay","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720140033030","article-title":"Persistence of reduction in blood pressure and mortality of participants in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program","volume":"259","author":"Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460240051027","article-title":"Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)","volume":"265","author":"SHEP Cooperative Research Group","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB44","first-page":"660","article-title":"Cholesterol, lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in women","volume":"34","author":"Bush","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(92)90051-Q","article-title":"Cholesterol and heart disease in older persons and women. Review of an NHLBI workshop","volume":"2","author":"Manolio","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7A","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90562-F","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and coronary artery disease","volume":"66","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"National Center for Health Statistics Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994. NHANES III Data File (CD-ROM Series II, No. 1). Public Use Data File","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB47"},{"issue":"Suppl 3A","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18S","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90294-1","article-title":"Antioxidant vitamins and coronary artery disease risk","volume":"97","author":"Gaziano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"year":"1996","series-title":"Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB49"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S201","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199206001-00004","article-title":"Cardiovascular benefits and assessment of physical activity and physical fitness in adults","volume":"24","author":"Haskell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115704","article-title":"A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease","volume":"132","author":"Berlin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S266","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199206001-00009","article-title":"Exercise and atherosclerotic heart disease in women","volume":"24","author":"Douglas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.7.1183","article-title":"Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000013953.41667.09","article-title":"Prevention conference VI: diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Writing group I: epidemiology","volume":"105","author":"Howard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899608999089","article-title":"The impact of gender and general risk factors on the occurrence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in non\u2013insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"28","author":"Orchard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(92)90043-P","article-title":"Diabetes and coronary heart disease risk in Mexican Americans","volume":"2","author":"Mitchell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520030047027","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991","volume":"272","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113654","article-title":"Sex differential in ischemic heart disease mortality in diabetics: a prospective population-based study","volume":"118","author":"Barrett-Connor","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400060077013","article-title":"A prospective study of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women","volume":"151","author":"Manson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-198611200-00004","article-title":"Prognostic factors for mortality in a population-based study of men and women with a history of heart disease","volume":"6","author":"Khaw","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115360","article-title":"Risk factors for long-term coronary prognosis after initial myocardial infarction: the Framingham Study","volume":"130","author":"Wong","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90053-3","article-title":"The effect of diabetes mellitus on prognosis and serial left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: contribution of both coronary disease and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction to the adverse prognosis. The MILIS Study Group","volume":"14","author":"Stone","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410230074031","article-title":"The impact of diabetes on survival following myocardial infarction in men vs women. The Framingham Study","volume":"260","author":"Abbott","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390070054005","article-title":"The deadly quartet: upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension","volume":"149","author":"Kaplan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2A","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85S","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90046-Z","article-title":"Workshop IX\u2013lipids, insulin, diabetes","volume":"90","author":"Simonson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB66","first-page":"155A","article-title":"Optimal resources for primary prevention of artherosclerotic diseases. Atherosclerosis Study Group","volume":"70","author":"Kannel","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003293221303","article-title":"A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women","volume":"322","author":"Manson","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"329","author":"Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000014022.85836.96","article-title":"Prevention Conference VI: diabetes and cardiovascular disease, Writing Group IV: lifestyle and medical management of risk factors","volume":"105","author":"Grundy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021778","article-title":"Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"348","author":"Gaede","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB71","first-page":"51S","article-title":"Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults\u2013the evidence report","volume":"6","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB72","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Overweight and obesity as public health problems in America. The Surgeon General's call to action to prevent and decrease overweight and obesity. Rockville (MD): US Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-6-983","article-title":"Health implication of overweight and obesity in the United States","volume":"103","author":"Van Itallie","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-6-1010","article-title":"Obesity, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease","volume":"103","author":"Barrett-Connor","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.5.968","article-title":"Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"67","author":"Hubert","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114230","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality among black women and white women aged 40\u201364 years in Evans County, Georgia","volume":"123","author":"Johnson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307083290201","article-title":"Mortality rates and risk factors for coronary disease in black as compared with white men and women","volume":"329","author":"Keil","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400180111018","article-title":"Body mass index and body girths as predictors of mortality in black and white women","volume":"152","author":"Stevens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1996.5.433","article-title":"Association of body mass index with reinfarction and survival after first myocardial infarction in women","volume":"5","author":"Newton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720100038035","article-title":"Body mass index and mortality among nonsmoking older persons. The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"259","author":"Harris","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113859","article-title":"Reproductive history in women with coronary heart disease. A case-control study","volume":"120","author":"Beard","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(87)80271-5","article-title":"Menstrual and reproductive factors and the risk of myocardial infarction in women under fifty-five years of age","volume":"157","author":"La Vecchia","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116513","article-title":"Reproductive factors and risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"136","author":"Palmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114723","article-title":"A prospective study of age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, and coronary heart disease in women","volume":"126","author":"Colditz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb30329.x","article-title":"Menopause and heart disease. A review","volume":"592","author":"Stampfer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348509157146","article-title":"Relationships between the menopause and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease","volume":"130","author":"Lindquist","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5965.241","article-title":"Myocardial infarction in young women with special reference to oral contraceptive practice","volume":"2","author":"Mann","year":"1975","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5965.245","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and death from myocardial infarction","volume":"2","author":"Mann","year":"1975","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03280410045016","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and nonfatal myocardial infarction","volume":"239","author":"Jick","year":"1978","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90589-Y","article-title":"Clinical aspects of the relationship between oral contraceptives and abnormalities of the hemostatic system: relation to the development of cardiovascular disease","volume":"163","author":"Kelleher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90203-7","article-title":"Risks and mechanisms of cardiovascular events in users of oral contraceptives","volume":"158","author":"Meade","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10235.x","article-title":"Risk of myocardial infarction, angina and stroke in users of oral contraceptives: an updated analysis of a cohort study","volume":"105","author":"Mant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.11.1058","article-title":"Myocardial infarction and use of low-dose oral contraceptives: a pooled analysis of two US studies","volume":"98","author":"Sidney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198811173192004","article-title":"A prospective study of past use of oral contraceptive agents and risk of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"319","author":"Stampfer","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90569-S","article-title":"Past use of oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis in the context of the Nurses' Health Study","volume":"163","author":"Stampfer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.7.605","article-title":"Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen\/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group","volume":"280","author":"Hulley","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.20.2651","article-title":"Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"289","author":"Shumaker","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.20.2663","article-title":"Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"289","author":"Rapp","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB100","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Questions and answers on hormone therapy: In response to the Women's Health Initiative Study Results on Estrogen and Progestin Hormone Therapy. 2002 Available at: http:\/\/www.acog.org\/from_home\/publications\/press_releases\/nr08-30-02.cfm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600468","article-title":"Plasma total homocystein in a representative sample of 972 British men and women aged 65 and over","volume":"51","author":"Bates","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80739-5","article-title":"Homocysteine and coronary artery disease in French Canadian subjects: relation with viatmins B12, B6, pyridoxal phosphate, and folate","volume":"75","author":"Dalery","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.1.178","article-title":"Homocyst(e)ine, diet, and cardiovascular diseases: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association","volume":"99","author":"Malinow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510220049033","article-title":"Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population","volume":"270","author":"Selhub","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01021-5","article-title":"Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: current evidence and future prospects","volume":"112","author":"Mangoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1986.tb02978.x","article-title":"Protein-bound homocyst(e)ine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing D-penicillamine treatment","volume":"26","author":"Kang","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.10.2825","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia and low pyridoxal phosphate, common and independent reversible risk factors for coronary artery disease","volume":"92","author":"Robinson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009_BIB108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502023320502","article-title":"Association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial carotid-artery stenosis","volume":"332","author":"Selhub","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Nursing Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0029646503001348?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0029646503001348?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T09:20:50Z","timestamp":1758446450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0029646503001348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0029646503001348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6465"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0029-6465"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors for coronary heart disease in women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nursing Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnur.2003.11.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}