{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:43:07Z","timestamp":1789850587800,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007472","name":"University of Kentucky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T19:34:28Z","timestamp":1636140868000},"page":"573-581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Obesity in the Critical Care Setting"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Candice","family":"Falls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Melander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05594-1","article-title":"Obesity in the critically ill: a narrative review","volume":"45","author":"Schetz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.07.001","article-title":"Impact of obesity in the critically ill trauma patient: a prospective study","volume":"203","author":"Bochicchio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S276","DOI":"10.2337\/dcS13-2023","article-title":"Obesity paradox does exist","volume":"36","author":"Hainer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2014.05.026","article-title":"The obesity paradox in surgical intensive care patients with peritonitis","volume":"29","author":"Utzolino","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2008.028","article-title":"Obesity and site-specific nosocomial infection risk in the intensive care unit","volume":"10","author":"Dossett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-016-0519-8","article-title":"The critical care obesity paradox and implications for nutrition support","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12320","article-title":"Interaction of obesity and infections","volume":"16","author":"Dhurandhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.08.31","article-title":"Morbidity, mortality, and obesity paradox","volume":"5","author":"Spartalis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1243-0","article-title":"Obesity is associated with increased morbidity but not mortality in critically ill patients","volume":"34","author":"Sakr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5941279","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5941279","article-title":"The role of obesity in sepsis outcome among critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"2016","author":"Papadimitriou-Olivgeris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib11","article-title":"Adipose tissue: physiology to metabolic dysfunction","volume":"4","author":"Richard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endotext"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.03.008","article-title":"Obesity altered T cell metabolism and the response to infection","volume":"46","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01455-06","article-title":"Adipocyte, adipose tissue, and infectious disease","volume":"75","author":"Desruisseaux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800419876070","article-title":"Obesity and 1-year mortality in adults after sepsis: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Robinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.10.004","article-title":"Disparities in hemodynamic resuscitation of the obese critically ill septic shock patient","volume":"37","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201404-159FR","article-title":"Physiological and management implications of obesity in critical illness","volume":"11","author":"Shashaty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib17","first-page":"e6929","article-title":"Sepsis patients in critical care units with obesity: is obesity protective?","volume":"12","author":"Kalani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665112000158","article-title":"The impact of obesity on the immune response to infection","volume":"71","author":"Milner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.02.013","article-title":"Body mass index and the risk of infection-from underweight to obesity","volume":"24","author":"Dobner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.62","article-title":"Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection","volume":"37","author":"Huttunen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.06.012","article-title":"Obesity and nosocomial infections","volume":"85","author":"Huttunen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815617974","article-title":"Obesity as a risk factor for urinary tract infection in children","volume":"55","author":"Grier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2018.0030","article-title":"Pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"81","author":"Restrepo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000119422.93413.08","article-title":"Obesity-related excess mortality rate in an adult intensive care unit: a risk-adjusted matched cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Bercault","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2010.06.008","article-title":"Pulmonary system and obesity","volume":"26","author":"Ashburn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2018.12.41085","article-title":"The crashing obese patient","volume":"20","author":"Parker","year":"2019","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1641-1","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation in obese ICU patients: from intubation to extubation","volume":"21","author":"De Jong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.12.003","article-title":"Obesity in critically ill patients is associated with increased need of mechanical ventilation but not with mortality","volume":"9","author":"Tafelski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2012.04.006","article-title":"Obesity and respiratory infections: does excess adiposity weigh down host defense?","volume":"26","author":"Mancuso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-2178-1","article-title":"Obesity and infection: two sides of one coin","volume":"173","author":"Genoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22859","article-title":"Association of obesity with disease severity among patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"28","author":"Kalligeros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111016","article-title":"Obesity, malnutrition and trace elements deficiency in the COVID19 pandemic: an overview","volume":"81","author":"Fedele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06294-x","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and day-90 outcomes of 4244 critically ill adults with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study","volume":"47","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0541","article-title":"How important is obesity as a risk factor for respiratory failure, intensive care admission and death in hospitalised COVID-19 patients? Results from a single Italian centre","volume":"183","author":"Rottoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0239","article-title":"The potential impacts of obesity on COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Albashir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02464-z","article-title":"Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients","volume":"18","author":"De Lorenzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","article-title":"Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area","volume":"323","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib38","series-title":"Mayo clinic proceedings","article-title":"Obesity and outcomes in COVID-19: when an epidemic and pandemic collide","author":"Sanchis-Gomar","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2020.07.002","article-title":"Obesity and mortality of COVID-19. Meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1097","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004553","article-title":"Obesity and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"48","author":"Frank","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13095","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13095","article-title":"Obesity is a risk factor for developing critical condition in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"F\u00f6ldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26555","article-title":"Obesity a predictor of outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Malik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.09.029","article-title":"Effect of increased BMI and obesity on the outcome of COVID19 adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Soeroto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2018.1440287","article-title":"Obesity and drug pharmacology: a review of the influence of obesity on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters","volume":"14","author":"Smit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933130","article-title":"Obesity and infection: reciprocal causality","volume":"64","author":"Hainer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Res"}],"container-title":["Nursing Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0029646521000797?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0029646521000797?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T09:28:42Z","timestamp":1758446922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0029646521000797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0029646521000797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Obesity in the Critical Care Setting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nursing Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnur.2021.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}