{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:13:44Z","timestamp":1790313224494,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007880","name":"Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1917922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1917922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T15:51:29Z","timestamp":1606837889000},"page":"169-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sensitive periods in cortical specialization for language: insights from studies with Deaf and blind individuals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Silvano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2907-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Bedny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0005","series-title":"New Directions in the Study of Language","article-title":"A biological perspective of language","author":"Lenneberg","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1970.sp009022","article-title":"The period of susceptibility to the physiological effects of unilateral eye closure in kittens","volume":"206","author":"Hubel","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0015","series-title":"The Neurobiology of Brain and Behavioral Development","first-page":"133","article-title":"Critical periods in cortical development","author":"Hensch","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23242","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820836117","article-title":"Critical period regulation across multiple timescales","volume":"117","author":"Reh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(89)90003-0","article-title":"Critical period effects in second language learning: the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cogn Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12416","article-title":"Children and adults as language learners: rules, variation, and maturational change","volume":"12","author":"Newport","year":"2020","journal-title":"Top Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0035","series-title":"Discussions in Neuroscience","article-title":"Modularity, domain specificity and the development of language","author":"Bates","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015104","article-title":"Critical periods in speech perception: new directions","volume":"66","author":"Werker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0045","first-page":"567","article-title":"Birdsong and human speech: common themes and mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Doupe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0050","series-title":"Cognitive Science Series, 8. Language and Experience: Evidence from the Blind Child","author":"Landau","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0055","series-title":"Handbook of Child Language Acquisition","first-page":"531","article-title":"Modality effects and modularity in language acquisition: the acquisition of American Sign Language","author":"Lillo-Martin","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1353\/sls.2005.0004","article-title":"Parental hearing status and signing among deaf and hard of hearing students","volume":"5","author":"Mitchell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sign Lang Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-linguistics-043020-092357","article-title":"Acquisition of sign languages","volume":"7","author":"Lillo-Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Linguist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/381699a0","article-title":"The neurobiology of sign language and its implications for the neural basis of language","volume":"381","author":"Hickok","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11684","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510527112","article-title":"Neural systems supporting linguistic structure, linguistic experience, and symbolic communication in sign language and gesture","volume":"112","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1401_2","article-title":"Maturational constraints on language learning","volume":"14","author":"Newport","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3606.1258","article-title":"First-language acquisition after childhood differs from second-language acquisition: the case of American Sign Language","volume":"36","author":"Mayberry","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1515\/ling.2003.022","article-title":"Grammatical development in adolescent first-language learners","volume":"41","author":"Morford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Linguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_sbref0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728917000724","article-title":"Rethinking the critical period for language: new insights into an old question from American Sign Language","volume":"21","author":"Mayberry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biling Lang Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000911000535","article-title":"The initial stages of first-language acquisition begun in adolescence: when late looks early","volume":"40","author":"Ferjan Ram\u00edrez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Lang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000918000417","article-title":"Acquiring a first language in adolescence: the case of basic word order in American Sign Language","volume":"46","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Lang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728918000238","article-title":"The consequences of very late exposure to BSL as an L1","volume":"21","author":"Woll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biling Lang Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht137","article-title":"Neural language processing in adolescent first-language learners","volume":"24","author":"Ferjan Ramirez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu273","article-title":"Neural language processing in adolescent first-language learners: longitudinal case studies in American Sign Language","volume":"26","author":"Ferjan Ramirez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_sbref0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.12.011","article-title":"Neurolinguistic processing when the brain matures without language","volume":"99","author":"Mayberry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00320","article-title":"Effects of early language deprivation on brain connectivity: language pathways in deaf native and late first-language learners of American Sign Language","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.04.003","article-title":"First language acquisition differs from second language acquisition in prelingually deaf signers: evidence from sensitivity to grammaticality judgement in British Sign Language","volume":"124","author":"Cormier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01982","article-title":"American Sign Language syntax and analogical reasoning skills are influenced by early acquisition and age of entry to signing schools for the deaf","volume":"07","author":"Henner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enu023","article-title":"Phonological awareness for American Sign Language","volume":"19","author":"Corina","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1075\/sll.15.1.05hal","article-title":"Phonological similarity judgments in ASL: evidence for maturational constraints on phonetic perception in sign","volume":"15","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sign Lang Linguist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2011.543393","article-title":"Sign perception and recognition in non-native signers of ASL","volume":"7","author":"Morford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lang Learn Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0160","series-title":"Proceedings of the 44th Boston University Conference on Language Development","first-page":"63","article-title":"Delayed language exposure has a negative impact on receptive vocabulary skills in deaf and hard of hearing children despite early use of hearing technology","author":"Carrigan","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0000088","article-title":"Real-time processing of ASL signs: delayed first language acquisition affects organization of the mental lexicon","volume":"41","author":"Lieberman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Learn Memory Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00137-8","article-title":"Age constraints on first versus second language acquisition: evidence for linguistic plasticity and epigenesis","volume":"87","author":"Mayberry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ent045","article-title":"Spoken English language development among native signing children with cochlear implants","volume":"19","author":"Davidson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.05.007","article-title":"Age of acquisition effects on the functional organization of language in the adult brain","volume":"119","author":"Mayberry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_sbref0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116411","article-title":"The impact of early language exposure on the neural system supporting language in deaf and hearing adults","volume":"209","author":"Twomey","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2019.104708","article-title":"Age of acquisition effects differ across linguistic domains in sign language: EEG evidence","volume":"200","author":"Malaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.09.076","article-title":"Structural brain changes linked to delayed first language acquisition in congenitally deaf individuals","volume":"66","author":"P\u00e9nicaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0200","first-page":"357","article-title":"Language development in blind children","volume":"vol 6","author":"P\u00e9rez-Pereira","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.03.017","article-title":"There\u2019s more to \u201csparkle\u201d than meets the eye: knowledge of vision and light verbs among congenitally blind and sighted individuals","volume":"189","author":"Bedny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01538","article-title":"Brain regions involved in conceptual retrieval in sighted and blind people","volume":"32","author":"Bottini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.04.010","article-title":"Two forms of knowledge representations in the human brain","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_sbref0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11213","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900952116","article-title":"Knowledge of animal appearance among sighted and blind adults","volume":"116","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_sbref0225","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhanced performance on a sentence comprehension task in congenitally blind adults","author":"Loiotile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lang Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02147.x","article-title":"Speech processing activates visual cortex in congenitally blind humans","volume":"16","author":"R\u00f6der","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.06.003","article-title":"Evidence from blindness for a cognitively pluripotent cortex","volume":"21","author":"Bedny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn848","article-title":"Cross-modal plasticity: where and how?","volume":"3","author":"Bavelier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00285.2001","article-title":"Adaptive changes in early and late blind: a fMRI study of braille reading","volume":"87","author":"Burton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1072","article-title":"Early \u201cvisual\u201d cortex activation correlates with superior verbal memory performance in the blind","volume":"6","author":"Amedi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014818108","article-title":"Language processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind adults","volume":"108","author":"Bedny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11053","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524982113","article-title":"Absence of visual experience modifies the neural basis of numerical thinking","volume":"113","author":"Kanjlia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11495","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0997-17.2017","article-title":"Development of the visual word form area requires visual experience: evidence from blind braille readers","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz006","article-title":"Distinctive interaction between cognitive networks and the visual cortex in early blind individuals","volume":"29","author":"Abboud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0275","first-page":"100744","article-title":"Language networks in anophthalmia: maintained hierarchy of processing in \u201cvisual\u201d cortex","volume":"41","author":"Watkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_sbref0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2019.100744","article-title":"A sensitive period in the neural phenotype of language in blind individuals","volume":"41","author":"Pant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.10.005","article-title":"A sensitive period for language in the visual cortex: distinct patterns of plasticity in congenitally versus late blind adults","volume":"122","author":"Bedny","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12859","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1256-15.2015","article-title":"\u201cVisual\u201d cortex of congenitally blind adults responds to syntactic movement","volume":"35","author":"Lane","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/38278","article-title":"Functional relevance of cross-modal plasticity in blind humans","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1328","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the occipital pole interferes with verbal processing in blind subjects","volume":"7","author":"Amedi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000255958.60530.11","article-title":"rTMS of the occipital cortex abolishes Braille reading and repetition priming in blind subjects","volume":"68","author":"Kupers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00057-9","article-title":"Event-related potentials during auditory language processing in congenitally blind and sighted people","volume":"38","author":"R\u00f6der","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.05.060","article-title":"Superior serial memory in the blind: a case of cognitive compensatory adjustment","volume":"17","author":"Raz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_sbref0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01045","article-title":"Reduced left lateralization of language in congenitally blind individuals","volume":"29","author":"Lane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.04.056","article-title":"Increased functional connectivity between language and visually deprived areas in late and partial blindness","volume":"136","author":"Sabbah","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy280","article-title":"Sensitive period for cognitive repurposing of human visual cortex","volume":"29","author":"Kanjlia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00664","article-title":"Sensitive and critical periods in visual sensory deprivation","volume":"4","author":"Voss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199904)45:4<451::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Period of susceptibility for cross\u2010modal plasticity in the blind","volume":"45","author":"Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2010.07.003","article-title":"Interactive specialization: a domain-general framework for human functional brain development?","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(98)01230-3","article-title":"Development itself is the key to understanding developmental disorders","volume":"2","author":"Karmiloff-Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S235215462030156X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S235215462030156X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T15:27:22Z","timestamp":1762442842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S235215462030156X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S235215462030156X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-1546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-1546","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sensitive periods in cortical specialization for language: insights from studies with Deaf and blind individuals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}