{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:58:52Z","timestamp":1775483932800,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["757643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["757643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002727","name":"Ananda Mahidol Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T17:58:54Z","timestamp":1767895134000},"page":"106411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Domain-general categorisation explains constrained cross-linguistic variation in noun classification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5326-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ponrawee","family":"Prasertsom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4530-6914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenny","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1737-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Culbertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b1","series-title":"Proceedings from the annual meeting of the chicago linguistic society","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toward a theory of natural classification","volume":"vol. 9","author":"Adams","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b2","series-title":"Syntactic structures after 60 years","first-page":"153","article-title":"The autonomy of syntax","author":"Adger","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b3","series-title":"Classifiers: A typology of noun categorization devices","author":"Aikhenvald","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b4","unstructured":"Altenhof, A. M., & Roberts, G. (2021). Labels, even arbitrary ones, facilitate categorization. vol. 43, In Proceedings of the annual meeting of the cognitive science society. 43."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.3.409","article-title":"The adaptive nature of human categorization","volume":"98","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using Lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01220135","article-title":"Okay for content words, but what about functional items?","volume":"24","author":"Bickerton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b8","series-title":"Roots of language","author":"Bickerton","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b9","series-title":"How children learn the meanings of words","author":"Bloom","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2011.06.010","article-title":"The role of color information on object recognition: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"Bram\u00e3o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lingua.2012.10.007","article-title":"Cognition, universal grammar, and typological generalizations","volume":"130","author":"Cinque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lingua"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b12","series-title":"Linguistic studies offered to Joseph Greenberg","article-title":"Universal categories: On the semantics of classifiers and children\u2019s early word meanings","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Clark","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.langsci.2013.03.002","article-title":"Functions of nominal classification","volume":"40","author":"Contini-Morava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Language Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.104086","article-title":"Communication efficiency of color naming across languages provides a new framework for the evolution of color terms","volume":"195","author":"Conway","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b15","series-title":"Gender","author":"Corbett","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b16","series-title":"Radical construction grammar","author":"Croft","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b17","series-title":"Verbs: Aspect and causal structure","author":"Croft","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b18","series-title":"Oxford handbook of experimental syntax","article-title":"Artificial language learning","author":"Culbertson","year":"2023"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5842","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320525111","article-title":"Language learners privilege structured meaning over surface frequency","volume":"111","author":"Culbertson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b20","article-title":"Children\u2019s sensitivity to phonological and semantic cues during noun class learning: Evidence for a phonological bias","author":"Culbertson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2020.0045","article-title":"From the world to word order: Deriving biases in noun phrase order from statistical properties of the world","volume":"96","author":"Culbertson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12027","article-title":"Cognitive biases, linguistic universals, and constraint-based grammar learning","volume":"5","author":"Culbertson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b23","unstructured":"Culbertson, J., & Wilson, C. (2013). Artificial grammar learning of shape-based noun classification. vol. 35, In Proceedings of the annual meeting of the cognitive science society. 35."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1515\/tl-2021-2005","article-title":"Not everything is a theory","volume":"47","author":"D\u2019Alessandro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theoretical Linguistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-014-0458-y","article-title":"jsPsych: A JavaScript library for creating behavioral experiments in a Web browser","volume":"47","author":"de Leeuw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.13142","article-title":"Indefinite pronouns optimize the simplicity\/informativeness trade-off","volume":"46","author":"Deni\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1349\/PS1.1537-0852.A.468","article-title":"Exploring grammatical complexity crosslinguistically","volume":"14","author":"Di Garbo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Linguistic Discovery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00528","article-title":"How specific is the shape bias?","volume":"74","author":"Diesendruck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b29","series-title":"Typological studies in language","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1075\/tsl.7.09dix","article-title":"Noun classes and noun classification in typological perspective","volume":"vol. 7","author":"Dixon","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumais, S. T., Furnas, G. W., Landauer, T. K., Deerwester, S., & Harshman, R. (1988). Using Latent Semantic Analysis to Improve Access to Textual Information. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 281\u2013285).","DOI":"10.1145\/57167.57214"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004342934_011","article-title":"A functional theory of gender paradigms","author":"Dye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspectives on Morphological Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b32","series-title":"The evolution of literature: legacies of darwin in European cultures","first-page":"51","article-title":"From primate to human in two easy steps","author":"Emonds","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0999094X","article-title":"The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science","volume":"32","author":"Evans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.104115","article-title":"Production efficiency can cause grammatical change: Learners deviate from the input to better balance efficiency against robust message transmission","volume":"196","author":"Fedzechkina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1075\/sl.19026.fei","article-title":"Nominal classification: Does it play a role in referent disambiguation?","volume":"44","author":"Feist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Studies in Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b36","first-page":"1","article-title":"The animacy (bias) effect in recognition: Testing the influence of intentionality of learning and retrieval quality","author":"F\u00e9lix","year":"2024","journal-title":"Memory"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b37","first-page":"143","article-title":"Syntactic bootstrapping","volume":"1","author":"Fisher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b38","article-title":"The emergence of grammatical gender: an experimental study on the loss of informative classification","volume":"10","author":"Franjieh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.13395","article-title":"Relevance and the role of labels in categorization","volume":"47","author":"Gervits","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b40","first-page":"333","article-title":"The binding hierarchy and the typology of complements","volume":"4","author":"Giv\u00f3n","year":"1980","journal-title":"Studies in Language. International Journal Sponsored By the Foundation \u201cFoundations of Language\u201d"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0800513X","article-title":"Universal Grammar? Or prerequisites for natural language?","volume":"31","author":"Goldberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"055","DOI":"10.5964\/bioling.9131","article-title":"Phi-features in animal cognition","volume":"12","author":"Golston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biolinguistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/15326900701326576","article-title":"Language evolution by iterated learning with Bayesian agents","volume":"31","author":"Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b44","series-title":"Proceedings of the annual meeting of the cognitive science society","article-title":"A more rational model of categorization","volume":"vol. 28","author":"Griffiths","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b45","series-title":"Entrenchment and the psychology of language learning: how we reorganize and adapt linguistic knowledge","first-page":"289","article-title":"Salience, attention, and perception","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12393","article-title":"Categorical perception beyond the basic level: the case of warm and cool colors","volume":"41","author":"Holmes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b47","series-title":"Semantics and linguistic theory","first-page":"227","article-title":"Modal semantic universals optimize the simplicity\/informativeness trade-off","author":"Imel","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2015.11.010","article-title":"The influence of labels and facts on children\u2019s and adults\u2019 categorization","volume":"144","author":"Johanson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.2307\/412789","article-title":"The linguistic significance of the meanings of basic color terms","volume":"54","author":"Kay","year":"1978","journal-title":"Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2007.00585.x","article-title":"Learning overhypotheses with hierarchical Bayesian models","volume":"10","author":"Kemp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1166-7","article-title":"Culture and biology in the origins of linguistic structure","volume":"24","author":"Kirby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5241","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608222104","article-title":"Innateness and culture in the evolution of language","volume":"104","author":"Kirby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2018.09.011","article-title":"Reproducibility and a unifying explanation: Lessons from the shape bias","volume":"54","author":"Kucker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infant Behavior and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b54","series-title":"World lexicon of grammaticalization","author":"Kuteva","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2011.01220.x","article-title":"Language and memory for motion events: Origins of the asymmetry between source and goal paths","volume":"36","author":"Lakusta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-2014(88)90014-7","article-title":"The importance of shape in early lexical learning","volume":"3","author":"Landau","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3765\/bls.v13i0.1822","article-title":"The cognitive basis of classifier systems","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b58","series-title":"Explaining language universals","first-page":"211","article-title":"Language, perception and the world","author":"Lee","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5964\/bioling.9155","article-title":"Why don\u2019t languages grammaticalize [\u015bpoisonous]?","volume":"14 (Special Issue)","author":"Leivada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biolinguistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9922.2011.00637.x","article-title":"Constraints on implicit learning of grammatical form-meaning connections: Implicit learning of grammatical form-meaning connections","volume":"62","author":"Leung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Language Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b61","series-title":"English verb classes and alternations: a preliminary investigation","author":"Levin","year":"1993"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9596","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092277599","article-title":"Rapid natural scene categorization in the near absence of attention","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-linguistics-011619-030319","article-title":"Structural, functional, and processing perspectives on linguistic island effects","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annual Review of Linguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b64","series-title":"Klassifikatoren: Eine fallstudie am beispiel des Vietnamesischen","author":"L\u00f6bel","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00054","article-title":"Linguistically modulated perception and cognition: the label-feedback hypothesis","volume":"3","author":"Lupyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.02028.x","article-title":"Language is not just for talking: Redundant labels facilitate learning of novel categories","volume":"18","author":"Lupyan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b67","series-title":"The CHILDES project: The database","author":"MacWhinney","year":"2000"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.25.4.13","article-title":"Warm versus cool colors and their relation to color perception","volume":"25","author":"Manalansan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327647jcd0504_1","article-title":"The animate-inanimate distinction in infancy: Developing sensitivity to constraints on human actions","volume":"5","author":"Michele Molina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b70","series-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems 26","first-page":"3111","article-title":"Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality","author":"Mikolov","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1145\/219717.219748","article-title":"WordNet: A lexical database for English","volume":"38","author":"Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b72","unstructured":"Mollica, F., & Kemp, C. (2020). An Efficient Communication Analysis of Morpho-Syntactic Grammatical Features. In S. Denison, M. Mark, Y. Xu, & B. C. Armstrong (Eds.), Proceedings of the 42nd annual conference of the cognitive science society (pp. 3197\u20133203)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b73","series-title":"Explaining language universals","author":"Moravcsik","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b74","series-title":"Possible and probable languages","author":"Newmeyer","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-linguistics-011415-040707","article-title":"Nonsyntactic explanations of island constraints","volume":"2","author":"Newmeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annual Review of Linguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pennington, J., Socher, R., & Manning, C. D. (2014). Glove: Global Vectors for Word Representation. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (pp. 1532\u20131543).","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.11.063","article-title":"Color-biased regions in the ventral visual pathway are food selective","volume":"33","author":"Pennock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.11.001","article-title":"The learnability of abstract syntactic principles","volume":"118","author":"Perfors","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00345","article-title":"The shape of the vocabulary predicts the shape of the bias","volume":"2","author":"Perry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.04.003","article-title":"Labels can override perceptual categories in early infancy","volume":"106","author":"Plunkett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2603_6","article-title":"A simplicity principle in unsupervised human categorization","volume":"26","author":"Pothos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b82","series-title":"Formal approaches in categorization","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00924","article-title":"Disentangling representations of object shape and object category in human visual cortex: the animate\u2013inanimate distinction","volume":"28","author":"Proklova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b84","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b85","series-title":"Readings in cognitive science","first-page":"312","article-title":"Principles of categorization","author":"Rosch","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90013-X","article-title":"Basic objects in natural categories","volume":"8","author":"Rosch","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.074","article-title":"Semantic attributes are encoded in human electrocorticographic signals during visual object recognition","volume":"148","author":"Rupp","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-818X.2010.00194.x","article-title":"Nominal classification","volume":"4","author":"Seifart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Language and Linguistics Compass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b89","series-title":"Classificatory particles in kilivila","author":"Senft","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b90","series-title":"Systems of nominal classification","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2011.02.010","article-title":"A probabilistic model of cross-categorization","volume":"120","author":"Shafto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110871661-008","article-title":"Hierarchy of features and ergativity","volume":"25","author":"Silverstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Features and Projections"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b93","series-title":"Language development: the essential readings","article-title":"Form\/function relations: How do children find out what they are?","author":"Slobin","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1353\/hub.2011.a438023","article-title":"Learning bias, cultural evolution of language, and the biological evolution of the language faculty","volume":"83","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2007.00569.x","article-title":"Core knowledge","volume":"10","author":"Spelke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12332","article-title":"Language reflects \u201ccore\u201d cognition: A new theory about the origin of cross-linguistic regularities","volume":"41","author":"Strickland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b97","series-title":"Language typology and syntactic description","first-page":"36","article-title":"Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Talmy","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b98","series-title":"Topics in cognitive linguistics","article-title":"The relation of grammar to cognition","author":"Talmy","year":"1988"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4530","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523631113","article-title":"Culture shapes the evolution of cognition","volume":"113","author":"Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"86","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b100","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using T-SNE","volume":"9","author":"van der Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b101","series-title":"Modern applied statistics with S","author":"Venables","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1515\/opli-2018-0027","article-title":"Animacy distinctions arise from iterated learning","volume":"4","author":"Vihman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Linguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b103","series-title":"Proceedings of the 26th annual international conference on machine learning","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Information theoretic measures for clusterings comparison: Is a correction for chance necessary?","author":"Vinh","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2013.09.008","article-title":"Evidence for a learning bias against saltatory phonological alternations","volume":"130","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.28.3.509","article-title":"The contributions of color to recognition memory for natural scenes","volume":"28","author":"Wichmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.07.008","article-title":"Animate and inanimate objects in human visual cortex: Evidence for task-independent category effects","volume":"47","author":"Wiggett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b107","series-title":"Form-meaning connections in second language acquisition","first-page":"213","article-title":"Implicit learning of form-meaning connections","author":"Williams","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1017\/S0272263105050138","article-title":"Learning without awareness","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaslavsky, N., Maldonado, M., & Culbertson, J. (2021). Let\u2019s Talk (Efficiently) about Us: Person Systems Achieve near-Optimal Compression. In Proceedings of the 43rd annual meeting of the cognitive science society.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/kcu27"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b110","series-title":"Systems of nominal classification","first-page":"114","article-title":"Multiple systems of classifiers in Akateko","author":"Zavala","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.104135","article-title":"Finding categories through words: More nameable features improve category learning","volume":"196","author":"Zettersten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411_b112","first-page":"180","article-title":"Gender and folk taxonomy: The indexical relation between grammatical and lexical categorization","volume":"139","author":"Zubin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Noun Classes and Categorization"}],"container-title":["Cognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001002772500352X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001002772500352X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:09:17Z","timestamp":1775480957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001002772500352X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":112,"alternative-id":["S001002772500352X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-0277","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Domain-general categorisation explains constrained cross-linguistic variation in noun classification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cognition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106411","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106411"}}