{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:44:13Z","timestamp":1792525453136,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007880","name":"Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:30:20Z","timestamp":1792438220000},"page":"106751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Successful modal reasoning depends on WHAT went WHERE"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"279","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Mazalik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Halberda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0005","series-title":"Proceedings of the 46th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","article-title":"Young children adapt their search behavior for necessary versus merely possible outcomes","author":"Adreuccioli","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2023.105472","article-title":"Three-year-old children's reasoning about possibilities","volume":"237","author":"Alderete","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016923","article-title":"Do humans have two systems to track beliefs and belief-like states?","volume":"116","author":"Apperly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5899","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61021-8","article-title":"The capacity limits of moving objects in the imagination","volume":"16","author":"Balaban","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0025","series-title":"Paper presented at the Budapest CEU Conference on Cognitive Development (BCCCD), [Budapest, Hungary]","article-title":"Understanding possibility through action: Young children's modal reasoning in agentive contexts","author":"Baumann","year":"2026"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00879.x","article-title":"Children's thinking about counterfactuals and future hypotheticals as possibilities","volume":"77","author":"Beck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.08.008","article-title":"Fast mapping, slow learning: Disambiguation of novel word-object mappings in relation to vocabulary learning at 18, 24, and 30 months","volume":"126","author":"Bion","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.08.028","article-title":"The scope and role of deduction in infant cognition","volume":"33","author":"Bohus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.2002.0779","article-title":"The human first hypothesis: Identification of conspecifics and individuation of objects in the young infant","volume":"44","author":"Bonatti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.24.10.578","article-title":"Automatic logical inferences in visual scene processing","volume":"24","author":"Braswell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0055","series-title":"Wild possibilities: Evidence of modal cognition in free-ranging Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","author":"Braswell","year":"2025"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001980","article-title":"Object perception encodes mutually exclusive possibilities","volume":"155","author":"Brody","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. General"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00902.x","article-title":"Monolingual, bilingual, trilingual: Infants' language experience influences the development of a word-learning heuristic","volume":"12","author":"Byers-Heinlein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.118.2.232","article-title":"Inferences about the location of food in the great apes (Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, and Pongo pygmaeus)","volume":"118","author":"Call","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-006-0037-4","article-title":"Inferences by exclusion in the great apes: The effect of age and species","volume":"9","author":"Call","year":"2006","journal-title":"Animal Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s100710100078","article-title":"Do apes and children know what they have seen?","volume":"3","author":"Call","year":"2001","journal-title":"Animal Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1162\/opmi_a_00148","article-title":"A continuity in logical development: Domain-general disjunctive inference by toddlers","volume":"8","author":"Cesana-Arlotti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Mind : Discoveries in Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70044","article-title":"Logical concepts of (im) possibility guide young children's decision-making","volume":"28","author":"Cesana-Arlotti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5999","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19734-5","article-title":"Infants recruit logic to learn about the social world","volume":"11","author":"Cesana-Arlotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"6381","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3539","article-title":"Precursors of logical reasoning in preverbal human infants","volume":"359","author":"Cesana-Arlotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1866","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20210343","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0343","article-title":"The pupillometry of the possible: An investigation of infants' representation of alternative possibilities","volume":"377","author":"Cesana-Arlotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/10489223.2023.2173074","article-title":"Mapping modal verbs to meanings: An elicited production study on \u201cforce\u201d and \u201cflavor\u201d with young preschoolers","volume":"31","author":"Cournane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Language Acquisition: A Journal of Developmental Linguistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691619847201","article-title":"Infant statisticians: The origins of reasoning under uncertainty","volume":"14","author":"Denison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103203","article-title":"Disjunctive inference in preverbal infants","volume":"24","author":"Ekramnia","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13861","article-title":"Do chimpanzees reason logically?","volume":"94","author":"Engelmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2023.0179","article-title":"Chimpanzees prepare for alternative possible outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Engelmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biology Letters"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.09.012","article-title":"Chimpanzees consider alternative possibilities","volume":"31","author":"Engelmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00427","article-title":"The representations underlying infants' choice of more: Object files versus analog magnitudes","volume":"13","author":"Feigenson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.05.002","article-title":"Core systems of number","volume":"8","author":"Feigenson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2022.101473","article-title":"The development of reasoning by exclusion in infancy","volume":"135","author":"Feiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2017.1317253","article-title":"What do you mean, no? Toddlers' comprehension of logical \u201cno\u201d and \u201cnot\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Feiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Language Learning and Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.06.003","article-title":"Communicative function demonstration induces kind-based artifact representation in preverbal infants","volume":"117","author":"Fut\u00f3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13668","article-title":"Toddlers learn and flexibly apply multiple possibilities","volume":"92","author":"Goddu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90344-8","article-title":"Separate visual pathways for perception and action","volume":"15","author":"Goodale","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2019.02.004","article-title":"Toddlers' understanding and use of verbal negation in inferential reasoning search tasks","volume":"183","author":"Grigoroglou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(02)00186-5","article-title":"The development of a word-learning strategy","volume":"87","author":"Halberda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2006.04.003","article-title":"Is this a Dax which I see before me? Use of the logical argument disjunctive syllogism supports word-learning in children and adults","volume":"53","author":"Halberda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2014.0892","article-title":"When maths trumps logic: Probabilistic judgements in chimpanzees","volume":"10","author":"Hanus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biology Letters"},{"issue":"6484","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/370057a0","article-title":"A geometric process for spatial reorientation in young children","volume":"370","author":"Hermer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.08.004","article-title":"Object correspondence across brief occlusion is established on the basis of both spatiotemporal and surface feature cues","volume":"113","author":"Hollingworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2017.05.001","article-title":"You changed your mind! Infants interpret a change in word as signaling a change in an agent's goals","volume":"162","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0210","series-title":"Deduction","author":"Johnson-Laird","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-024-01927-w","article-title":"Contrasting two versions of the 4-cup 2-item disjunctive syllogism task in great apes","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animal Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(92)90007-O","article-title":"The reviewing of object files: Object-specific integration of information","volume":"24","author":"Kahneman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611420165","article-title":"What do infants remember when they forget? Location and identity in 6-month-olds' memory for objects","volume":"22","author":"Kibbe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0230","series-title":"Reason and inquiry: The erotetic theory","author":"Koralus","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/phpe.12029","article-title":"The erotetic theory of reasoning: Bridges between formal semantics and the psychology of deductive inference","volume":"27","author":"Koralus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philosophical Perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0240","article-title":"Children's representations of possibility: Uncertainty about \"what\" is easier than uncertainty about \"where\" [preprint]","author":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck","year":"2026","journal-title":"PsyArXiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00029927","article-title":"\u201cWhat\u201d and \u201cwhere\u201d in spatial language and spatial cognition?","volume":"16","author":"Landau","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13400","article-title":"Don't you see the possibilities? Young preschoolers may lack possibility concepts","volume":"26","author":"Leahy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2023.105794","article-title":"Many preschoolers do not distinguish the possible from the impossible in a marble-catching task","volume":"238","author":"Leahy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0260","article-title":"Minimal representations of possibility at age 3","volume":"119","author":"Leahy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0265","series-title":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","first-page":"426","article-title":"Might and might not: Children's conceptual development and the acquisition of modal verbs","volume":"Vol. 31","author":"Leahy","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.11.004","article-title":"The acquisition of modal concepts","volume":"24","author":"Leahy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(97)01113-3","article-title":"Indexing and the object concept: Developing \u2018what\u2019 and \u2018where\u2019 systems","volume":"2","author":"Leslie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"4853","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3283936","article-title":"Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: Anatomy, physiology, and perception","volume":"240","author":"Livingstone","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0285","series-title":"Paper Presented at the Budapest CEU Conference on Cognitive Development (BCCCD), [Budapest, Hungary]","article-title":"Scope and limits of early explicit metacognition","author":"Meyer","year":"2026"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(83)90190-X","article-title":"Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways","volume":"6","author":"Mishkin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.05.012","article-title":"The emergence of reasoning by the disjunctive syllogism in early childhood","volume":"154","author":"Mody","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2010.01109.x","article-title":"A one-to-one bias and fast mapping support preschoolers learning about faces and voices","volume":"34","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2014.905169","article-title":"The acquisition of epistemic modality: From semantic meaning to pragmatic interpretation","volume":"11","author":"Ozturk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Language Learning and Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000481","article-title":"Decomposing modal thought","volume":"131","author":"Phillips","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2021.104691","article-title":"Twelve-month-olds disambiguate new words using mutual-exclusivity inferences","volume":"213","author":"Pomiechowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90035-3","article-title":"Levels of causal understanding in chimpanzees and children","volume":"50","author":"Premack","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(89)90014-0","article-title":"The role of location indexes in spatial perception: A sketch of the FINST spatial-index model","volume":"32","author":"Pylyshyn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1163\/156856888X00122","article-title":"Tracking multiple independent targets: Evidence for a parallel tracking mechanism","volume":"3","author":"Pylyshyn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.062","article-title":"Children's and apes' preparatory responses to two mutually exclusive possibilities","volume":"26","author":"Redshaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.10.009","article-title":"Temporal junctures in the mind","volume":"24","author":"Redshaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"3870","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1126\/science.163.3870.895","article-title":"Two visual systems","volume":"163","author":"Schneider","year":"1969","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0017.2007.00321.x","article-title":"Object persistence in philosophy and psychology","volume":"22","author":"Scholl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mind & Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1998.0698","article-title":"Tracking multiple items through occlusion: Clues to visual objecthood","volume":"38","author":"Scholl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1401_3","article-title":"Principles of object perception","volume":"14","author":"Spelke","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-835X.1995.tb00669.x","article-title":"Spatiotemporal continuity, smoothness of motion and object identity in infancy","volume":"13","author":"Spelke","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12500","article-title":"Four-month-old infants individuate and track simple tools following functional demonstrations","volume":"21","author":"Stavans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043680","article-title":"Ratio scales and category scales for a dozen perceptual continua","volume":"54","author":"Stevens","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00873.x","article-title":"Infants' individuation of agents and inert objects","volume":"13","author":"Surian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2024.105929","article-title":"Do early meanings of negation map onto a fully-fledged negation concept in infancy?","volume":"254","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90005-5","article-title":"A feature-integration theory of attention","volume":"12","author":"Treisman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(01)00038-7","article-title":"Infant individuation and identification of objects","volume":"15","author":"Tremoulet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2023.105712","article-title":"Three-year-olds' ability to plan for mutually exclusive future possibilities is limited primarily by their representations of possible plans, not possible events","volume":"244","author":"Turan-K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106078","article-title":"Three- and four-year-old children represent mutually exclusive possible identities","volume":"249","author":"Turan-K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.115.3.219","article-title":"Distinguishing logic from association in the solution of an invisible displacement task by children (Homo sapiens) and dogs (Canis familiaris): Using negation of disjunction","volume":"115","author":"Watson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(99)00035-9","article-title":"Object individuation: Infants' use of shape, size, pattern, and color","volume":"72","author":"Wilcox","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6918(99)00029-3","article-title":"Object individuation and object identity in infancy: The role of spatiotemporal information, object property information, and language","volume":"102","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.08.002","article-title":"Sortal concepts, object individuation, and language","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1996.0005","article-title":"Infants' metaphysics: The case of numerical identity","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(99)00007-4","article-title":"Infants' ability to use object kind information for object individuation","volume":"70","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615588753","article-title":"Concept-based word learning in human infants","volume":"26","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12349","article-title":"Beyond na\u00efve cue combination: Salience and social cues in early word learning","volume":"20","author":"Yurovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011255819284","article-title":"Free choice disjunction and epistemic possibility","volume":"8","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Natural Language Semantics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/10888691.2013.748420","article-title":"Optimal contrast: Competition between two referents improves word learning","volume":"17","author":"Zosh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Applied Developmental Science"}],"container-title":["Cognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010027726003203?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010027726003203?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:21:43Z","timestamp":1792524103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010027726003203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S0010027726003203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-0277","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Successful modal reasoning depends on WHAT went WHERE","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cognition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2026.106751","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106751"}}