{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T06:28:00Z","timestamp":1768372080372,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,14]],"date-time":"2008-06-14T04:23:19Z","timestamp":1213417399000},"page":"262-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The origins of causal perception: Evidence from postdictive processing in infancy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"George E.","family":"Newman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Scholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib1","unstructured":"Ball, W. A. (1973). The perception if causality in the infant. Paper presented at the biannual meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/17470216008416721","article-title":"A contribution to the study of phenomenal causation","volume":"12","author":"Boyle","year":"1960","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib3","series-title":"Proceedings of the twenty-third annual conference of the cognitive science society","first-page":"182","article-title":"A model of infant causal perception and its development","author":"Chaput","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194985","article-title":"Effects of grouping and attention on the perception of causality","volume":"66","author":"Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2006.06.001","article-title":"Measuring causal perception: Links to representational momentum?","volume":"123","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1068\/p5462","article-title":"Perceiving causality after the fact: Postdiction in the temporal dynamics of causal perception","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib7","series-title":"The development of sensory, motor, and cognitive capacities in early infancy","first-page":"277","article-title":"An information-processing approach to infant perception and cognition","author":"Cohen","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-6383(98)90040-6","article-title":"Precursors to infants\u2019 perception of causality","volume":"21","author":"Cohen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infant Behavior and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.29.3.421","article-title":"How infants perceive a simple causal event","volume":"29","author":"Cohen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib10","series-title":"Perceptual development: Visual, auditory, and speech perception in infancy","first-page":"167","article-title":"The development of infant causal perception","author":"Cohen","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib11","series-title":"Michotte\u2019s experimental phenomenology of perception","first-page":"51","article-title":"Phenomenal causality","author":"Costall","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib12","unstructured":"Dennett, D. C. (1991). Consciousness explained. Little-Brown."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5460.2036","article-title":"Motion integration and postdiction in visual awareness","volume":"287","author":"Eagleman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1068\/p3314a","article-title":"The line-motion illusion can be reversed by motion signals after the line disappears","volume":"32","author":"Eagleman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916a","DOI":"10.1167\/7.9.916","article-title":"Are objects required for object-files? [Abstract]","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1068\/p190017","article-title":"Perceived causality occurs with stroboscopic movement of one or both stimulus elements","volume":"19","author":"Gordon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194815","article-title":"Audiovisual phenomenal causality","volume":"65","author":"Guski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280143000377","article-title":"A possible role of na\u00efve impetus in Michotte\u2019s \u201claunching effect\u201d: Evidence from representational momentum","volume":"9","author":"Hubbard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib19","unstructured":"Hume, D. (1977). An enquiry concerning human understanding. Indianapolis: Hackett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90012-4","article-title":"Calibration-based reasoning about collision events in 11-month-old infants","volume":"51","author":"Kotovsky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00036-5","article-title":"The development of calibration-based reasoning about collision events in young infants","volume":"67","author":"Kotovsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-7687.00129","article-title":"Reasoning about collisions involving inert objects in 7.5-month-old infants","volume":"3","author":"Kotovsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5884.00029","article-title":"10-month-old infants\u2019 inference of invisible agent: Distinction in causality between object motion and human action","volume":"45","author":"Kosugi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Japanese Psychological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib24","unstructured":"Kruschke, J. K., & Fragassi, M. M. (1996). The perception of causality: Feature binding in interacting objects. In Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 441\u2013446). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1068\/p110173","article-title":"The perception of causality in infants","volume":"11","author":"Leslie","year":"1982","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1068\/p130287","article-title":"Spatiotemporal continuity and the perception of causality in infants","volume":"13","author":"Leslie","year":"1984","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib27","series-title":"Theory building in development","first-page":"405","article-title":"Getting development off the ground: Modularity and the infant\u2019s perception of causality","author":"Leslie","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib28","series-title":"Thought without language","first-page":"185","article-title":"The necessity of illusion: Perception and thought in infancy","author":"Leslie","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib29","series-title":"Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture","first-page":"119","article-title":"ToMM, ToBy, and agency: Core architecture and domain specificity","author":"Leslie","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(87)80006-9","article-title":"Do six-month-old infants perceive causality?","volume":"25","author":"Leslie","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib31","unstructured":"Michotte, A. (1946\/1963). La perception de la causalite. Louvain: Institut Superior de Philosophie, 1946. English translation of updated edition by T. Miles & E. Miles, The perception of causality, Basic Books, 1963."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib32","unstructured":"Michotte, A., & Thin\u00e9s, G. (1963\/1991). La causalit\u00e9 perceptive. Journal de psychologie normale et pathologique, 60, 9\u201336, 1963. Translated and reprinted in Thin\u00e8s, G., Costall, A., & Butterworth, G. (Eds.), Michotte\u2019s experimental phenomenology of perception (pp. 66\u201387). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1991."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1068\/p5341no","article-title":"Seeing the disappearance of unseen objects","volume":"33","author":"Mitroff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.112.1.217","article-title":"What you see is what you set: Sustained inattentional blindness and the capture of awareness","volume":"112","author":"Most","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.2307\/1419745","article-title":"Principles of momentum and kinetic energy in the perception of causality","volume":"74","author":"Natsoulas","year":"1961","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-2014(90)90026-P","article-title":"Infant perception of a causal event","volume":"5","author":"Oakes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.30.6.869","article-title":"The development of infants\u2019 use of continuity cues in their perception of causality","volume":"30","author":"Oakes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2307\/1419044","article-title":"Developmental differences in the perception of causality","volume":"69","author":"Olum","year":"1956","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib39","series-title":"The origins of intelligence in children","author":"Piaget","year":"1936-1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0686-102","article-title":"The perception of apparent motion","volume":"254","author":"Ramachandran","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2006.05.005","article-title":"The perception of causality in infancy","volume":"123","author":"Saxe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.1.303","article-title":"Seeing it happen and knowing how it works: How children understand the relation between perceptual causality and underlying mechanism","volume":"35","author":"Schlottmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01555-2","article-title":"Is perception of causality modular?","volume":"4","author":"Schlottmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03202746","article-title":"An information integration approach to phenomenal causality","volume":"21","author":"Schlottmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/02724989243000055","article-title":"Evidence for a distance between judged and perceived causality","volume":"44A","author":"Schlottmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00497","article-title":"Perceptual causality in children","volume":"73","author":"Schlottmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2006.05.006","article-title":"Perceived social and physical causality in animated motions: Spontaneous reports and ratings","volume":"123","author":"Schlottmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0017.00106","article-title":"Modularity, development, and \u2018Theory of Mind\u2019","volume":"14","author":"Scholl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mind & Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00308","article-title":"Minds, modules, and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Scholl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00487","article-title":"Causal capture: Contextual effects on the perception of collision events","volume":"13","author":"Scholl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1068\/p5172","article-title":"Illusory causal crescents: Misperceived spatial relations due to perceived causality","volume":"33","author":"Scholl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01506-0","article-title":"Perceptual causality and animacy","volume":"4","author":"Scholl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib53","series-title":"Causal cognition: A multidisciplinary debate","first-page":"44","article-title":"Infants\u2019 knowledge of object motion and human action","author":"Spelke","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib54","series-title":"Causal cognition: A multidisciplinary debate","author":"Sperber","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2006.06.003","article-title":"Introduction to Michotte\u2019s heritage in perception and cognition research","volume":"123","author":"Wagemans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2003.08.002","article-title":"Should all stationary objects move when hit? Developments in infants\u2019 causal and statistical expectations about collision events","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infant Behavior & Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1068\/p070247","article-title":"The perception of motion: Michotte revisited","volume":"7","author":"Weir","year":"1978","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.104.1.36","article-title":"Causal processing: Origins and development","volume":"104","author":"White","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib59","series-title":"The understanding of causation and the production of action","author":"White","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280444000436","article-title":"Visual causal impressions in the perception of several moving objects","volume":"12","author":"White","year":"2005","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1068\/p3263","article-title":"Visual impressions of interactions between objects when the causal object does not move","volume":"34","author":"White","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2006.05.002","article-title":"The role of activity in visual impressions of causality","volume":"123","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.2307\/1423411","article-title":"Phenomenal causality: Impressions of pulling in the visual perception of objects in motion","volume":"110","author":"White","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.128.4.499","article-title":"Impressions of enforced disintegration and bursting in the perception of collision events","volume":"128","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/17470215208416612","article-title":"Phenomenal causation at a distance","volume":"4","author":"Yela","year":"1952","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195320","article-title":"Predicting when, not just whether","volume":"33","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010028508000108?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010028508000108?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T23:36:19Z","timestamp":1557617779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010028508000108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0010028508000108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2008.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-0285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-0285","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}