{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:30:22Z","timestamp":1792546222424,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LZY24H150001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LZY24H150001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007834","name":"Ningbo Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024J123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T16:09:28Z","timestamp":1767715768000},"page":"115422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mechanically robust zwitterionic hydrogel coating reinforced by microgels for antibacterial and anticoagulant applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiru","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longxing","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1971-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0019-y","article-title":"Implant infections: adhesion, biofilm formation and immune evasion","volume":"16","author":"Arciola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2022.100997","article-title":"Bio-inspired hemocompatible surface modifications for biomedical applications","volume":"130","author":"Douglass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130994","article-title":"A comprehensive review on the inherent and enhanced antifouling mechanisms of hydrogels and their applications","volume":"265","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current hydrogel advances in physicochemical and biological response-driven biomedical application diversity","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib5","first-page":"935","article-title":"Hydrogel interfaces for merging humans and machines","volume":"7","author":"Yuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2024.103358","article-title":"Flexible coatings based on hydrogel to enhance the biointerface of biomedical implants","volume":"335","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.05.006","article-title":"Recent advances of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers for biomedical application","volume":"181","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2023.108177","article-title":"Zwitterionic polymers: addressing the barriers for drug delivery","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.06.022","article-title":"The blood compatibility challenge. Part 2: Protein adsorption phenomena governing blood reactivity","volume":"94","author":"Brash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.15222","article-title":"Superficial vein thrombosis: A review","volume":"334","author":"Piazza","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110164","article-title":"A polyzwitterion-based antifouling and flexible bilayer hydrogel coating","volume":"244","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Composites Part B Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib12","article-title":"Pure zwitterionic hydrogel with mechanical robustness and dynamic tunability enabled by synergistic non-covalent interactions","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45485-8","article-title":"Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17877-z","article-title":"Stretchable hydrogels with low hysteresis and anti-fatigue fracture based on polyprotein cross-linkers","volume":"11","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.10.044","article-title":"Structural aspects controlling the mechanical and biological properties of tough, double network hydrogels","volume":"138","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MH01514H","article-title":"Bioinspired double network hydrogels: from covalent double network hydrogels via hybrid double network hydrogels to physical double network hydrogels","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoms.2021.07.004","article-title":"On mechanical properties of nanocomposite hydrogels: Searching for superior properties","volume":"4","author":"Xing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133036","article-title":"Anisotropic hydrogels with enhanced mechanical and tribological performance by magnetically oriented nanohybrids","volume":"430","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib19","article-title":"Electrical dissipation factor measurements of droplet impact-derived microgels with different topological structures","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.02.115","article-title":"Double layered asymmetrical hydrogels enhanced by thermosensitive microgels for high-performance mechanosensors and actuators","volume":"662","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33081-7","article-title":"Microgel reinforced zwitterionic hydrogel coating for blood-contacting biomedical devices","volume":"13","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202470015","article-title":"Microgel-crosslinked thermo-responsive hydrogel actuators with high mechanical properties and rapid response","volume":"45","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.148673","article-title":"Hydrogel coatings on universal medical devices with water-responsive Janus adhesion and acidity-triggered transformation for adaptive antibacterial treatment and fluorescence diagnosis","volume":"481","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2024.110544","article-title":"Study on biaxial tensile failure behavior of ultra-thin-ply carbon fiber reinforced composites","volume":"251","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10216","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c00509","article-title":"Injectable and conductive nanomicelle hydrogel with \u03b1-tocopherol encapsulation for enhanced myocardial infarction repair","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2020.102280","article-title":"Antibacterial hydrogel coating: Strategies in surface chemistry","volume":"285","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14871-3","article-title":"Fatigue-resistant adhesion of hydrogels","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.0c00342","article-title":"100th anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based thermally responsive micelles","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.126150","article-title":"Microgel-crosslinked, thermo- and mechano- dual responsive, ketoprofen-loaded hydrogels with high mechanical properties and rapid response","volume":"684","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB00148B","article-title":"Multifunctional hydrogel coatings with high antimicrobial loading efficiency and pH-responsive properties for urinary catheter applications","volume":"11","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-023-01121-9","article-title":"Sustainable polymer coating for stainproof fabrics","volume":"6","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120291","article-title":"Single and multi-functional coating strategies for enhancing the biocompatibility and tissue integration of blood-contacting medical implants","volume":"258","author":"Badv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130910","article-title":"A robust mussel-inspired zwitterionic coating on biodegradable poly(L-lactide) stent with enhanced anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperplasia properties","volume":"427","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zwitterionic microgel preservation platform for circulating tumor cells in whole blood specimen","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17073","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00344","article-title":"Zwitterionic biomaterials","volume":"122","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.151760","article-title":"On the origin of better hemocompatibility of the BCxNyOz coatings","volume":"576","author":"Bhaskar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.12.002","article-title":"The catheter to vein ratio and rates of symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC): A prospective cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Sharp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60592-9","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with peripherally inserted central catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"382","author":"Chopra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092777652600010X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092777652600010X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:56:23Z","timestamp":1770882983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S092777652600010X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S092777652600010X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422","relation":{},"ISSN":["0927-7765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0927-7765","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanically robust zwitterionic hydrogel coating reinforced by microgels for antibacterial and anticoagulant applications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115422","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115422"}}