{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:44:27Z","timestamp":1792151067154,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:27:40Z","timestamp":1789914460000},"page":"116194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Advanced hydrogel architectures for neural tissue engineering: Design, mechanisms of functional recovery, and emerging patent trends"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"270","author":[{"given":"Golara","family":"Nasiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parinaz","family":"Mofazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliakbar","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Babaeizad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0489-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Samadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22302","article-title":"Evaluation of sensory recovery after reconstruction of digital nerves of the hand using muscle-in-vein conduits in comparison to nerve suture or nerve autografting","volume":"34","author":"Manoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2017-0389","article-title":"Nanoscaffolds in promoting regeneration of the peripheral nervous system","volume":"13","author":"Aijie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100617-062508","article-title":"Axon regeneration in the central nervous system: facing the challenges from the inside","volume":"34","author":"Curcio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2021.643507","article-title":"Biomaterials for neural tissue engineering","volume":"3","author":"Doblado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.3c01058","article-title":"Biomaterials and Cell Therapy Combination in Central Nervous System Treatments","volume":"7","author":"Giorgi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib6","series-title":"Stem cell biology and tissue engineering in dental sciences","first-page":"133","article-title":"Considerations on designing scaffold for tissue engineering","author":"Rana","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib7","series-title":"Principles of tissue engineering","first-page":"475","article-title":"3D Scaffolds","author":"Luo","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429399039-12","article-title":"Nanotechnological strategies for engineering complex tissues","author":"Dvir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano-Enabled Med. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1021\/cr000108x","article-title":"Hydrogels for tissue engineering","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35328","article-title":"Controlled surface morphology and hydrophilicity of polycaprolactone toward selective differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to neural like cells","volume":"103","author":"Jahani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.09.010","article-title":"Long-term three-dimensional neural tissue cultures in functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogels, matrigel and collagen I","volume":"9","author":"Koutsopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9110907","article-title":"Application of injectable hydrogels as delivery systems in spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-019-6318-7","article-title":"Overview of natural hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications","volume":"30","author":"Catoira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal Materials Science Materials Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/gels5020028","article-title":"From microscale to macroscale: nine orders of magnitude for a comprehensive modeling of hydrogels for controlled drug delivery","volume":"5","author":"Casalini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe3245","article-title":"Precise control of synthetic hydrogel network structure via linear, independent synthesis-swelling relationships","volume":"7","author":"Richbourg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10712","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB01842B","article-title":"Design of hydrogel-based scaffolds for the treatment of spinal cord injuries","volume":"8","author":"Ghane","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2019.0505","article-title":"Hydrogel systems and their role in neural tissue engineering","volume":"17","author":"Madhusudanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201700801","article-title":"Biomolecule-responsive hydrogels in medicine","volume":"6","author":"Sharifzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.6b00524","article-title":"Supramolecular hydrogels based on DNA self-assembly","volume":"50","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2011.12.005","article-title":"Defining and designing polymers and hydrogels for neural tissue engineering","volume":"72","author":"Aurand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15030371","article-title":"Current and future prospective of injectable hydrogels\u2014design challenges and limitations","volume":"15","author":"Almawash","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.805299","article-title":"Decellularization in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: evaluation, modification, and application methods","volume":"10","author":"Neishabouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125672","article-title":"Evolution of biomimetic ECM scaffolds from decellularized tissue matrix for tissue engineering: A comprehensive review","volume":"246","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-023-08385-8","article-title":"Water behavior, thermal, structural, and viscoelastic properties of physically cross-linked chitosan hydrogels produced by NaHCO3 as a crosslinking agent","volume":"58","author":"Espinosa-Andrews","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2019.1581780","article-title":"Composite hydrogels based on gelatin, chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol to biomedical applications: A review","volume":"69","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.11.038","article-title":"Bioactive injectable hydrogels for on demand molecule\/cell delivery and for tissue regeneration in the central nervous system","volume":"140","author":"Grimaudo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070523","article-title":"Polymer-based hydrogels applied in drug delivery: An overview","volume":"9","author":"Thang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10030678","article-title":"Human epidural AD\u2013MSC exosomes improve function recovery after spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"10","author":"Sung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12112702","article-title":"Fundamental concepts of hydrogels: Synthesis, properties, and their applications","volume":"12","author":"Bashir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16081159","article-title":"Natural and synthetic polymers for biomedical and environmental applications","volume":"16","author":"Satchanska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13071105","article-title":"A comparative review of natural and synthetic biopolymer composite scaffolds","volume":"13","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16070255","article-title":"Advanced Bioactive Polymers and Materials for Nerve Repair: Strategies and Mechanistic Insights","volume":"16","author":"Puranik","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061750","article-title":"Toward a new generation of bio-scaffolds for neural tissue engineering: challenges and perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Villanueva-Flores","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00179-7","article-title":"Engineered hydrogels for mechanobiology","volume":"2","author":"Blache","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Prim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00475","article-title":"Hydrogels derivatized with cationic moieties or functional peptides as efficient supports for neural stem cells","volume":"14","author":"Glotzbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500658","article-title":"Decoding hydrogel porosity: advancing the structural analysis of hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"14","author":"Tolentino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1039\/C9PY01021A","article-title":"Hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering: the importance of polymer choice","volume":"11","author":"Spicer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12726","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312726","article-title":"Tuning physicochemical properties of a macroporous polysaccharide-based scaffold for 3D neuronal culture","volume":"22","author":"Gerschenfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/ibra.12137","article-title":"Potential injectable hydrogels as biomaterials for central nervous system injury: A narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Sarma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ibrain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2020.0233","article-title":"Implantation of engineered axon tracts to bridge spinal cord injury beyond the glial scar in rats","volume":"27","author":"Sullivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122024","article-title":"Revealing the complexity of ultra-soft hydrogel re-swelling inside the brain","volume":"294","author":"Shur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1177\/0883911520956252","article-title":"Proanthocyanidin as a crosslinking agent for fibrin, collagen hydrogels and their composites with decellularized Wharton\u2019s-jelly-extract for tissue engineering applications","volume":"35","author":"Hasanzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bioact. Compat. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01071-2","article-title":"Improving motor neuron-like cell differentiation of hEnSCs by the combination of epothilone B loaded PCL microspheres in optimized 3D collagen hydrogel","volume":"11","author":"Mahmoodi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/ibra.12137","article-title":"Potential injectable hydrogels as biomaterials for central nervous system injury: A narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Sarma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ibrain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib45","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels in central nervous system: Unique and novel platforms for promoting extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue engineering","volume":"20","author":"Hasanzadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.11.044","article-title":"Injectable, porous, and cell-responsive gelatin cryogels","volume":"35","author":"Koshy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000446697","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels for spinal cord repair: a focus on swelling and intraspinal pressure","volume":"202","author":"Khaing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-02033-1","article-title":"Clinical translation of injectable hydrogels: from bioactive polymers to long-acting drug delivery systems","volume":"16","author":"Carballo-Pedrares","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drug. Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.11.049","article-title":"Injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels as drug delivery system for the treatment of central nervous system disorders: A review","volume":"329","author":"Bellotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf6f2","article-title":"A comparison of insertion methods for surgical placement of penetrating neural interfaces","volume":"18","author":"Thielen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03573-x","article-title":"Revolutionizing brain\u2012computer interfaces: overcoming biocompatibility challenges in implantable neural interfaces","volume":"23","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0460b9","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac127e","article-title":"Neuropathological effects of chronically implanted, intracortical microelectrodes in a tetraplegic patient","volume":"18","author":"Szymanski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib53","article-title":"Injectable HA hydrogel loaded with BMSC and NGF for traumatic brain injury treatment","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10030190","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels for nervous tissue repair\u2014a brief review","volume":"10","author":"Politr\u00f3n-Zepeda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17143472","article-title":"Hydrogels for neural regeneration: exploring new horizons","volume":"17","author":"Omidian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preme.2026.100079","article-title":"Injectable biomedical hydrogels: In situ construction and service stability","author":"Qiu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Precis. Med. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40108","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c11433","article-title":"Semi-interpenetrating polymer network of hyaluronan and chitosan self-healing hydrogels for central nervous system repair","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-024-00659-9","article-title":"The porous SilMA hydrogel scaffolds carrying dual-sensitive paclitaxel nanoparticles promote neuronal differentiation for spinal cord injury repair","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0381","article-title":"Mechanisms and Applications of Conductive Biomaterials in Spinal Cord Injury Repair","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1211066","article-title":"Hydrogel scaffolds in the treatment of spinal cord injury: a review","volume":"17","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.931800","article-title":"Hydrogels in spinal cord injury repair: a review","volume":"10","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-023-00368-2","article-title":"An injectable, self-healing, electroconductive hydrogel loaded with neural stem cells and donepezil for enhancing local therapy effect of spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162247","article-title":"NIR responsive microneedles patch used for promoting spinal cord injury repair by modulating mitochondrial ROS microenvironment","volume":"511","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2016.04.021","article-title":"Hydrogels for brain repair after stroke: an emerging treatment option","volume":"40","author":"Nih","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smmd.70034","article-title":"Advances in Hydrogel Tissue Engineering for Spinal Cord Injury Repair","volume":"5","author":"Shui","year":"2026","journal-title":"Smart Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35779","article-title":"Synthesis of stiffness-tunable and cell-responsive Gelatin\u2013poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogel for three-dimensional cell encapsulation","volume":"104","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.088","article-title":"The mutual effect of the crosslinker and biopolymer concentration on the desired hydrogel properties","volume":"159","author":"Kopa\u010d","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.134465","article-title":"Enhancement of motor functional recovery using immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles-loaded injectable thermosensitive hydrogel post spinal cord injury","volume":"433","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.07.038","article-title":"In vivo assessment of guided neural stem cell differentiation in growth factor immobilized chitosan-based hydrogel scaffolds","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202105586","article-title":"Exosomes-loaded electroconductive hydrogel synergistically promotes tissue repair after spinal cord injury via immunoregulation and enhancement of myelinated axon growth","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7915","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b20321","article-title":"Surface-Anchored Graphene Oxide Nanosheets on Cell-Scale Micropatterned Poly (D, L\u2011lactide-co-caprolactone) Conduits Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.10.016","article-title":"On the role of hydrogel structure and degradation in controlling the transport of cell-secreted matrix molecules for engineered cartilage","volume":"19","author":"Dhote","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202416085","article-title":"Conductive nanocomposite hydrogels for neural tissue engineering: a systematic scoping review of recent trends","volume":"12","author":"Moghaddasi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-023-00526-4","article-title":"Biomaterial-based regenerative therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPG Asia Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031244","article-title":"The role of biomaterials in peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury: a review","volume":"23","author":"Kaplan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202502353","article-title":"Dynamic Macropore Formation via Dual-Degrading Injectable Microgels Enhances Host-Mediated Angiogenesis and Regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Kong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.108043","article-title":"Functional hydrogels as therapeutic tools for spinal cord injury: New perspectives on immunopharmacological interventions","volume":"234","author":"Walsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70148","article-title":"Dynamic Hydrogel-Based Strategy for Traumatic Brain Injury Modeling and Therapy","volume":"31","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib79","article-title":"Bioactive hydrogel synergizes neuroprotection, macrophage polarization, and angiogenesis to improve repair of traumatic brain injury","volume":"29","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65754","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c11855","article-title":"Hydrogel applications in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001809","article-title":"The role of hydrogels in the management of brain tumours: a narrative review","volume":"86","author":"Anas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.07.023","article-title":"Circumventing the blood\u2013brain barrier: Local delivery of cyclosporin A stimulates stem cells in stroke-injured rat brain","volume":"215","author":"Tuladhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-023-01189-7","article-title":"Intracerebral administration of a novel self-assembling peptide hydrogel is safe and supports cell proliferation in experimental intracerebral haemorrhage","volume":"15","author":"Bolan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.102064","article-title":"Hypoxia-responsive calixarene-grafted self-assembled peptide hydrogel for inflammation suppression in ischemic stroke","volume":"54","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00296","article-title":"Cortical reshaping and functional recovery induced by silk fibroin hydrogels-encapsulated stem cells implanted in stroke animals","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib86","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells loaded into hydrogel\/nanofiber composite scaffolds ameliorate ischemic brain injury","volume":"17","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7111","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197111","article-title":"Injectable thermo-sensitive chitosan hydrogel containing CPT-11-loaded EGFR-targeted graphene oxide and SLP2 shRNA for localized drug\/gene delivery in glioblastoma therapy","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bea.2024.100132","article-title":"Advancements in the application of biomaterials in neural tissue engineering: A review","volume":"8","author":"Hammam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13558","article-title":"Sustained release of collagen VI potentiates sciatic nerve regeneration by modulating macrophage phenotype","volume":"45","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12764","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00094","article-title":"Functional and biomimetic materials for engineering of the three-dimensional cell microenvironment","volume":"117","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac45ec","article-title":"Optimized, visible light-induced crosslinkable hybrid gelatin\/hyaluronic acid scaffold promotes complete spinal cord injury repair","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2020.06.008","article-title":"Delivery of injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel releasing nerve growth factor for spinal cord regeneration in rat animal model","volume":"29","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Tissue viability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2020.1748759","article-title":"Localized co-delivery of CNTF and FK506 using a thermosensitive hydrogel for retina ganglion cells protection after traumatic optic nerve injury","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug. Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201702207","article-title":"An injectable hybrid hydrogel with oriented short fibers induces unidirectional growth of functional nerve cells","volume":"13","author":"Omidinia-Anarkoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM01590G","article-title":"Magnetic alignment of injectable hydrogel scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair","volume":"10","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120918","article-title":"Magnetic chitosan hydrogel induces neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells by activating RAS-dependent signal cascade","volume":"314","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB02033H","article-title":"Dual-enzymatically cross-linked gelatin hydrogel enhances neural differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and functional recovery in experimental murine spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. mater. chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.111","article-title":"Dual-enzymatically cross-linked gelatin hydrogel promotes neural differentiation and neurotrophin secretion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of moderate traumatic brain injury","volume":"187","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b01829","article-title":"Extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking neuroprotective injectable sulfo-functionalized peptide hydrogel for repairing brain injury","volume":"6","author":"Adak","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. & Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2022.110670","article-title":"An injectable and photocurable methacrylate-silk fibroin hydrogel loaded with bFGF for spinal cord regeneration","volume":"217","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. & Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2026.01.058","article-title":"Development of a thermo-responsive therapeutic hydrogel for spinal cord injury repair via modulating oxidative stress microenvironment and improving mitochondrial function","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. & Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151343","article-title":"NIR sensitive ZnO QDs decorated MXene hydrogel promotes spinal cord repair via tunable controlled release of Zn2+ and regulating ROS microenvironment of mitochondrion","volume":"489","author":"Sang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbaf095","article-title":"Promoting spinal cord injury repair by using ZnO@ MOFs nanozymes functionalized hydrogel through the ROS microenvironment regulating pathway","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17152026","article-title":"Advancements in hydrogels: a comprehensive review of natural and synthetic innovations for biomedical applications","volume":"17","author":"Segneanu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib105","article-title":"Smart\/stimuli-responsive hydrogels: Cutting-edge platforms for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications","volume":"13","author":"El-Husseiny","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576","article-title":"Enhancement of nerve regeneration through schwann cell-mediated healing in a 3D printed polyacrylonitrile conduit incorporating hydrogel and graphene quantum dots: a study on rat sciatic nerve injury model","volume":"19","author":"Hoveizi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10060664","article-title":"Preparation and properties of 3D printed alginate\u2013chitosan polyion complex hydrogels for tissue engineering","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8050297","article-title":"Application and prospects of hydrogel additive manufacturing","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.02.008","article-title":"Development of 3D printable conductive hydrogel with crystallized PEDOT: PSS for neural tissue engineering","volume":"99","author":"Heo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials Science Engineering C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214679","article-title":"3D printing of Y-27632 enhanced elastic hydrogel conduits for peripheral nerve repair","volume":"182","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib111","article-title":"Stereolithographic 4D bioprinting of multiresponsive architectures for neural engineering","volume":"2","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Biosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1039\/D5BM00166H","article-title":"4D-printed multifunctional hydrogels as flexible strain sensors and nerve conduits","volume":"13","author":"Joshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.169624","article-title":"Self-healing hydrogel for tissue repair in the central nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Hsieh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural regen. res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201500762","article-title":"Sh. An injectable, self-healing hydrogel to repair the central nervous system","author":"Tseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2026.114997","article-title":"Ultrasound-responsive composite hydrogels: Design rules for spatiotemporally controlled drug delivery","author":"Xiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12662","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312662","article-title":"Self-assembling peptides: From design to biomedical applications","volume":"22","author":"La Manna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00707","article-title":"Self-assembled peptide drug delivery systems","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10080497","article-title":"Development and applications of PLGA hydrogels for sustained delivery of therapeutic agents","volume":"10","author":"Visan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9100838","article-title":"Current Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels as Smart Drug Delivery Carriers","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11010030","article-title":"Fundamentals and advances in stimuli-responsive hydrogels and their applications: a review","volume":"11","author":"Protsak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35754","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA06240J","article-title":"LCST\/UCST behavior of polysaccharides for hydrogel fabrication","volume":"14","author":"Moon","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.01.002","article-title":"A hydrogel composite system for sustained epi-cortical delivery of Cyclosporin A to the brain for treatment of stroke","volume":"166","author":"Caicco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119794","article-title":"Injectable hydrogel enables local and sustained co-delivery to the brain: Two clinically approved biomolecules, cyclosporine and erythropoietin, accelerate functional recovery in rat model of stroke","volume":"235","author":"Tuladhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-015-0376-4","article-title":"Neurotrophic factors and their potential applications in tissue regeneration","volume":"64","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(02)00372-0","article-title":"Neurotrophic factors and axonal growth","volume":"12","author":"Markus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071813-105155","article-title":"3D biofabrication strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"16","author":"Bajaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119794","article-title":"Injectable hydrogel enables local and sustained co-delivery to the brain: Two clinically approved biomolecules, cyclosporine and erythropoietin, accelerate functional recovery in rat model of stroke","volume":"235","author":"Tuladhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.895406","article-title":"3D-printed hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffolds impregnated with neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF) for post-traumatic brain tissue reconstruction","volume":"10","author":"Mishchenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.2c00853","article-title":"Encapsulation of MSCs and GDNF in an injectable nanoreinforced supramolecular hydrogel for brain tissue engineering","volume":"23","author":"Torres-Ortega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36134","article-title":"Thermosensitive heparin-poloxamer hydrogels enhance the effects of GDNF on neuronal circuit remodeling and neuroprotection after spinal cord injury","volume":"105","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.3.SPINE12874","article-title":"Implications of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-poly (ethylene glycol) with codissolved brain-derived neurotrophic factor injectable scaffold on motor function recovery rate following cervical dorsolateral funiculotomy in the rat","volume":"18","author":"Grous","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7016","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.37601","article-title":"An injectable heparin-Laponite hydrogel bridge FGF4 for spinal cord injury by stabilizing microtubule and improving mitochondrial function","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10589","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S480484","article-title":"Gelatin methacrylic acid hydrogel-based nerve growth factors enhances neural stem cell growth and differentiation to promote repair of spinal cord injury","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/915160","article-title":"Growth factors released from gelatin hydrogel microspheres increase new neurons in the adult mouse brain","volume":"2012","author":"Nakaguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03098-3","article-title":"Hydrogel loaded with cerium-manganese nanoparticles and nerve growth factor enhances spinal cord injury repair by modulating immune microenvironment and promoting neuronal regeneration","volume":"23","author":"Gong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.109091","article-title":"Neural-enhancing PRP\/Alg\/GelMA triple-network hydrogel for neurogenesis and angiogenesis after spinal cord injury via PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"15","author":"Yun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.06.001","article-title":"A self-assembling peptide reduces glial scarring, attenuates post-traumatic inflammation and promotes neurological recovery following spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib138","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Nerve regeneration following spinal cord injury using matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive, hyaluronic acid-based biomimetic hydrogel scaffold containing brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"93","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal Biomedical Materials Research Part A Official Journal Society Biomaterials Japanese Society Biomaterials Australian Society Biomaterials Korean Society Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127295","article-title":"In vivo neuroprotective effect of a self-assembled peptide hydrogel","volume":"408","author":"Sarkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2014.1759","article-title":"Evaluation of mechanical properties and therapeutic effect of injectable self-assembling hydrogels for spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Cigognini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26896-3","article-title":"Efficient protein incorporation and release by a jigsaw-shaped self-assembling peptide hydrogel for injured brain regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Yaguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.12.019","article-title":"Synergistic effects of self-assembling peptide and neural stem\/progenitor cells to promote tissue repair and forelimb functional recovery in cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"35","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1201","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001611","article-title":"Self-assembling peptide reduces glial scarring, attenuates posttraumatic inflammation, and promotes neurite outgrowth of spinal motor neurons","volume":"41","author":"Ando","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202102428","article-title":"Highly permeable DNA supramolecular hydrogel promotes neurogenesis and functional recovery after completely transected spinal cord injury","volume":"33","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.310698","article-title":"A multi-channel collagen scaffold loaded with neural stem cells for the repair of spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36133-8","article-title":"Hydrogel oxygen reservoirs increase functional integration of neural stem cell grafts by meeting metabolic demands","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5b00153","article-title":"Thermoresponsive copolypeptide hydrogel vehicles for central nervous system cell delivery","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. & Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.06.027","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of a hydrogel-based neural stem cell delivery sheet for mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"167","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib149","article-title":"Loading neural stem cells on hydrogel scaffold improves cell retention rate and promotes functional recovery in traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01855-9","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell therapies: immunomodulatory properties and clinical progress","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Res. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.09.051","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-loaded hydrogel to inhibit inflammatory reaction in surgical brain injury via mitochondria transfer","volume":"376","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b01557","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-laden hydrogel microfibers for promoting nerve fiber regeneration in long-distance spinal cord transection injury","volume":"6","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. & Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM00749K","article-title":"A dual-enzymatically cross-linked injectable gelatin hydrogel loaded with BMSC improves neurological function recovery of traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ans.119170","article-title":"Comparison of the regenerative effect of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cell encapsulated into two hydrogel scaffolds on spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Afsartala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.09.001","article-title":"Cell-seeded alginate hydrogel scaffolds promote directed linear axonal regeneration in the injured rat spinal cord","volume":"27","author":"Guenther","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e304","DOI":"10.1038\/am.2016.116","article-title":"Implantable amyloid hydrogels for promoting stem cell differentiation to neurons","volume":"8","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"NPG Asia Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.10.024","article-title":"A new three dimensional biomimetic hydrogel to deliver factors secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury","volume":"75","author":"Caron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11050781","article-title":"Human adipose-derived stem cells combined with nano-hydrogel promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TB03213G","article-title":"Potential application of an injectable hydrogel scaffold loaded with mesenchymal stem cells for treating traumatic brain injury","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.09.001","article-title":"Transplantation of RADA16-BDNF peptide scaffold with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells forced with CXCR4 and activated astrocytes for repair of traumatic brain injury","volume":"45","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1431420","article-title":"Co-culturing neural and bone mesenchymal stem cells in photosensitive hydrogel enhances spinal cord injury repair","volume":"12","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29299","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b08929","article-title":"Injectable nanoreinforced shape-memory hydrogel system for regenerating spinal cord tissue from traumatic injury","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718823705","article-title":"The effect of iPS-derived neural progenitors seeded on laminin-coated pHEMA-MOETACl hydrogel with dual porosity in a rat model of chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"28","author":"Ruzicka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17742","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b05293","article-title":"Directing induced pluripotent stem cell derived neural stem cell fate with a three-dimensional biomimetic hydrogel for spinal cord injury repair","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ad33b2","article-title":"Survival and maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors in the parkinsonian rat brain is enhanced by transplantation in a neurotrophin-enriched hydrogel","volume":"21","author":"Comini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01368","article-title":"Sustained delivery system for stem cell-derived exosomes","volume":"10","author":"Riau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.295269","article-title":"The use of hydrogel-delivered extracellular vesicles in recovery of motor function in stroke: a testable experimental hypothesis for clinical translation including behavioral and neuroimaging assessment approaches","volume":"16","author":"Tsintou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213396","article-title":"Three-dimensional-cultured MSC-derived exosome with hydrogel for cerebral ischemia repair","volume":"149","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120578","article-title":"Hyaluronan-based hydrogel integrating exosomes for traumatic brain injury repair by promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis","volume":"306","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib170","first-page":"35","article-title":"Exosome-loaded hydrogel systems for spinal cord injury repair: mechanisms, advancements, and future directions","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13672","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413672","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2021-0025","article-title":"Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-loaded injectable hydrogel for minimally invasive treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.768711","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells from different donors on spinal cord injury in mice","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e256","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001938","article-title":"Application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in rat spinal cord injury model","volume":"69","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib175","first-page":"806","article-title":"Rapid and effective treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury using stem cell derived exosomes","volume":"16","author":"Mu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib176","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicles derived from four dimensional-culture of mesenchymal stem cells induce alternatively activated macrophages by upregulating IGFBP2\/EGFR to attenuate inflammation in the spinal cord injury of rats","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib177","article-title":"A tannic acid doped hydrogel with small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells promotes spinal cord repair by regulating reactive oxygen species microenvironment","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1177040","article-title":"Co-administration of extracellular matrix-based biomaterials with neural stem cell transplantation for treatment of central nervous system injury","volume":"17","author":"Damle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM01722E","article-title":"Hypoxia-stimulated mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded by adhesive hydrogel for effective angiogenic treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Mu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4753","article-title":"Hypoxic preconditioning increases the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on spinal cord ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. med. rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v14.i7.453","article-title":"Role of hypoxia preconditioning in therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles","volume":"14","author":"Pulido-Escribano","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101322","article-title":"Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages improve angiogenesis and functional recovery after spinal cord injury through HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF Axis","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10811","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c02898","article-title":"Stimulation by exosomes from hypoxia preconditioned human umbilical vein endothelial cells facilitates mesenchymal stem cells angiogenic function for spinal cord repair","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2023.130455","article-title":"Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes ameliorate spinal cord injury in rats by activating the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway and regulating microglial polarization","volume":"61","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib185","first-page":"2523","article-title":"A bioactive injectable self-healing anti-inflammatory hydrogel with ultralong extracellular vesicles release synergistically enhances motor functional recovery of spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.144121","article-title":"Injectable hydrogel microspheres encapsulating extracellular vesicles derived from melatonin-stimulated NSCs promote neurogenesis and alleviate inflammation in spinal cord injury","volume":"470","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.09.026","article-title":"Exosomal OTULIN from M2 macrophages promotes the recovery of spinal cord injuries via stimulating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway-mediated vascular regeneration","volume":"136","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.10.011","article-title":"Chitosan polyplex mediated delivery of miRNA-124 reduces activation of microglial cells in vitro and in rat models of spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Louw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1001396","article-title":"Thermo-sensitive hydrogel combined with SHH expressed RMSCs for rat spinal cord regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib190","article-title":"Genetically Programmed Single-Component Protein Hydrogel for Spinal Cord Injury Repair","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1199299","article-title":"Functionalized hydrogels in neural injury repairing","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib192","first-page":"39","article-title":"A review: Carrier-based hydrogels containing bioactive molecules and stem cells for ischemic stroke therapy","volume":"49","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043866","article-title":"Neurotrophic factors as regenerative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: Current status, challenges and future perspectives","volume":"24","author":"El Ouaamari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00013","article-title":"Hydrogels as scaffolds and delivery systems to enhance axonal regeneration after injuries","volume":"9","author":"Carballo-Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"025004","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aaa55c","article-title":"Biomimetic hydrogels direct spinal progenitor cell differentiation and promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Geissler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1419797","article-title":"Modern advances in spinal cord regeneration: hydrogel combined with neural stem cells","volume":"15","author":"Rybachuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/74651","article-title":"Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01282-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke","volume":"23","author":"Alsbrook","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8040224","article-title":"A hydrogel as a bespoke delivery platform for stromal cell-derived factor-1","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib200","first-page":"124","article-title":"Angiogenic peptide hydrogels for treatment of traumatic brain injury","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29081705","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels based on HA and gelatin combined with salvianolic acid B and vascular endothelial growth factor for treatment of traumatic brain injury in mice","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X684998","article-title":"The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse","volume":"23","author":"Ju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbz027","article-title":"Enhanced angiogenesis by the hyaluronic acid hydrogels immobilized with a VEGF mimetic peptide in a traumatic brain injury model in rats","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib204","article-title":"Progress toward finding the perfect match: Hydrogels for treatment of central nervous system injury","volume":"6","author":"Hlavac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00245","article-title":"Biomaterials for local, controlled drug delivery to the injured spinal cord","volume":"8","author":"Ziemba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10908","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00923","article-title":"Chemically modified biopolymers for the formation of biomedical hydrogels","volume":"121","author":"Muir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.08.033","article-title":"An oil-in-gel type of organohydrogel loaded with methylprednisolone for the treatment of secondary injuries following spinal cord traumas","volume":"374","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib208","article-title":"A 3D fiber-hydrogel based non-viral gene delivery platform reveals that microRNAs promote axon regeneration and enhance functional recovery following spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib209","article-title":"CS-NO releasing hydrogel protects against neuron apoptosis and inflammation through suppressing the HIF-1\u03b1 and MAPK pathway in stroke","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092113","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid biomaterials for central nervous system regenerative medicine","volume":"9","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.02.013","article-title":"Effect of hyaluronic acid hydrogels containing astrocyte-derived extracellular matrix and\/or V2a interneurons on histologic outcomes following spinal cord injury","volume":"162","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233831","article-title":"Beneficial effects of hyaluronan-based hydrogel implantation after cortical traumatic injury","volume":"11","author":"Lain\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.06.031","article-title":"Sustained dual drug delivery of anti-inhibitory molecules for treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"213","author":"Wilems","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1618680","article-title":"Injectable ion-coordinated double-network conductive hydrogel for spinal cord injury repair","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11060383","article-title":"Injectable Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels: A Next-Generation Platform for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics","volume":"11","author":"Parvin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5161","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16145161","article-title":"Dynamic hydrogels with viscoelasticity and tunable stiffness for the regulation of cell behavior and fate","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202404885","article-title":"Viscoelastic High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Support Rapid Glioblastoma Cell Invasion with Leader\u2013Follower Dynamics","volume":"36","author":"Carvalho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4489","article-title":"Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity","volume":"15","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.02.024","article-title":"Mechanical properties of gray and white matter brain tissue by indentation","volume":"46","author":"Budday","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh8313","article-title":"Tunable hydrogel viscoelasticity modulates human neural maturation","volume":"9","author":"Roth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12010011","article-title":"Recent advances in injectable hydrogels for biomedical and aesthetic applications: focus on rheological characteristics","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10315","article-title":"Nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13040650","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels: from laboratory to industrialization","volume":"13","author":"Alonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymers"}],"container-title":["Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0927776526007824?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0927776526007824?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:46:44Z","timestamp":1792147604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0927776526007824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":223,"alternative-id":["S0927776526007824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194","relation":{},"ISSN":["0927-7765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0927-7765","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Advanced hydrogel architectures for neural tissue engineering: Design, mechanisms of functional recovery, and emerging patent trends","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.116194","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116194"}}