{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:55:54Z","timestamp":1781618154766,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computational Biology and Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T01:20:20Z","timestamp":1726795220000},"page":"108213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Using a dual immunoinformatics and bioinformatics approach to design a novel and effective multi-epitope vaccine against human torovirus disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Shujait","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishaq","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9956-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayat","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091564","article-title":"Multi-epitope-based vaccine candidate for monkeypox: an in silico approach","volume":"10","author":"Abdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.4172\/2379-1764.1000203","article-title":"Multi epitope peptide vaccine prediction against Sudan Ebola virus using immuno-informatics approaches","volume":"5","author":"Abu-Haraz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Tech. Biol. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1845799","article-title":"Development of multi-epitope subunit vaccine for protection against the norovirus\u2019 infections based on computational vaccinology","volume":"40","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1183-9","article-title":"Characterization of epidemic diarrhea outbreaks associated with bovine torovirus in adult cows","volume":"157","author":"Aita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37070-z","article-title":"Immunoinformatic and systems biology approaches to predict and validate peptide vaccines against Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV)","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2307\/1592506","article-title":"Characterization of the stunting syndrome agent: relatedness to known viruses","author":"Ali","year":"2000","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09199-w","article-title":"Exploring dengue genome to construct a multi-epitope based subunit vaccine by utilizing immunoinformatics approach to battle against dengue infection","volume":"7","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7757","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11851-z","article-title":"Designing a novel multi\u2011epitope vaccine against Ebola virus using reverse vaccinology approach","volume":"12","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-675","article-title":"Seroprevalence of porcine torovirus (PToV) in Spanish farms","volume":"5","author":"Alonso-Padilla","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10100997","article-title":"Designing a multi-epitope vaccine against chlamydia trachomatis by employing integrated core proteomics, immuno-informatics and in silico approaches","volume":"10","author":"Aslam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib11","article-title":"Prediction and conservancy analysis of multiepitope based peptide vaccine against merkel cell polyomavirus: an immunoinformatics approach","volume":"13","author":"Awad-Elkareem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immun. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib12","first-page":"46","article-title":"Highly conserved epitopes of Zika envelope glycoprotein may act as a novel peptide vaccine with high coverage: immunoinformatics approach","volume":"4","author":"Badawi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Biomed. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.160654","article-title":"The molecular biology of West Nile Virus: a new invader of the western hemisphere","volume":"56","author":"Brinton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108134","article-title":"Targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 2 CDK2: Insights from Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation-A systematic computational approach to discover novel cancer therapeutics","author":"Chagaleti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del\u00e9age G.J.B. (2017) ALIGNSEC: viewing protein secondary structure predictions within large multiple sequence alignments.","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx521"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2020.06.006","article-title":"Performance and its limits in rigid body protein-protein docking","volume":"28","author":"Desta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8879","article-title":"Characterization of torovirus from human fecal specimens","volume":"239","author":"Duckmanton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fauquet C.M., Mayo M.A., Maniloff J., Desselberger U., Ball L.A. (2005) Virus taxonomy: VIIIth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-249951-7.50004-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foroogh, N., Rezvan, M., Ahmad, K., Mahmood, S.J.Mp, 2021. Structural and functional characterization of the FimH adhesin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its novel applications 161:105288.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105288"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasteiger E., Hoogland C., Gattiker A., Duvaud Se, Wilkins M.R., Appel R.D., Bairoch A. (2005) Protein identification and analysis tools on the ExPASy server Springer.","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-890-0:571"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grote, A., Hiller, K., Scheer, M., M\u00fcnch, R., N\u00f6rtemann, B., Hempel, D. C., & Jahn, D. (2005). JCat: a novel tool to adapt codon usage of a target gene to its potential expression host. Nucleic acids research, 33(suppl_2), W526-W531.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki376"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib22","first-page":"78","article-title":"The role of torovirus in nosocomial viral gastroenteritis at a large tertiary pediatric","volume":"23","author":"Gubbay","year":"2012","journal-title":"centre"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gul, H., Ali, S.S., Saleem, S., Khan, S., Khan, J., Wadood, A., Rehman, A.U., Ullah, Z., Ali, S., Khan, H.J.I., 2020. Genetics, Evolution. Subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatics approaches to explore Bartonella bacilliformis proteome (virulence factors) to design B and T cell multi-epitope subunit vaccine 85:104551..","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104551"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajighahramani, N., Nezafat, N., Eslami, M., Negahdaripour, M., Rahmatabadi, S.S., Ghasemi, Y.J.I., 2017. Genetics, Genetics, Evolution.\u00a0Immunoinformatics analysis and in silico designing of a novel multi-epitope peptide vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus 48:83-94..","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.12.010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012374410-4.00516-1","article-title":"Torovirus","volume":"151","author":"Hoet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Encycl. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR200498","article-title":"Bovine torovirus (Breda virus) revisited","volume":"5","author":"Hoet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib27","first-page":"351","article-title":"Torovirus pathogenesis and immune responses","author":"Hoet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nidoviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib28","unstructured":"Hon J., Marusiak M., Martinek T., Zendulka J., Bednar D., Damborsky J. (2019) SoluProt: Prediction of Protein Solubility. preparation [Internet]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310058","article-title":"The proposed family Toroviridae: agents of enteric infections","volume":"92","author":"Horzinek","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horzinek M., Weiss M., Ederveen J. (2007) Toroviridae: a proposed new family of enveloped RNA viruses, Ciba Foundation Symposium 128-Novel Diarrhoea Viruses: Novel Diarrhoea Viruses: Ciba Foundation Symposium 128, Wiley Online Library. pp. 162-174.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470513460.ch10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib31","first-page":"195","volume":"292","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Protein Second. Struct. Predict. Based Position-Specif. scoring Matrices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadam, A., Sasidharan, S., Saudagar, P.J.I., 2020. Genetics, Evolution. (2020) Computational design of a potential multi-epitope subunit vaccine using immunoinformatics to fight Ebola virus 85:104464..","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104464"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67749-1","article-title":"A candidate multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"10","author":"Kar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1779128","article-title":"Combined drug repurposing and virtual screening strategies with molecular dynamics simulation identified potent inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro)","volume":"39","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2018.03.004","article-title":"Allosteric ligands for the pharmacologically important Flavivirus target (NS5) from ZINC database based on pharmacophoric points, free energy calculations and dynamics correlation","volume":"82","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Graph. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1377916","article-title":"Exploring stevioside binding affinity with various proteins and receptors actively involved in the signaling pathway and a future candidate for diabetic patients","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib37","unstructured":"Khan S., Ali L., Ahmad S., Ullah S. (2024b) Developing A Novel Computational Strategy For A Multi-Epitope Vaccination Against The Guanarito Virus To Eliminate A Deadly Danger To Worldwide Health. Journal of Emerging Trends and Novel Research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan Z., Sanjai S., Harshitha B., Patil S. (2023) In-silico multi-epitope vaccine candidate against type-1 parainfluenza virus.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2455059\/v1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.10.2738-2744.1993","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivity of torovirus-like particles in fecal specimens from humans with diarrhea","volume":"31","author":"Koopmans","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-424","article-title":"Large-scale validation of methods for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope prediction","volume":"8","author":"Larsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib41","unstructured":"Lavazza A., Candotti P., Perini S., Vezzali L. (1996) Electron microscopic identification of torovirus-like particles in post-weaned piglets with enteritis, 14th IPVS Congress, Bologna Italy."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2005.tb02049.x","article-title":"Human torovirus: a new virus associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"94","author":"Lodha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta paediatrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Blanco, J.R., Aliaga, J.I., Quintana-Ort\u00ed, E.S., Chac\u00f3n, P.J.Nar, 2014. iMODS: internal coordinates normal mode analysis server 42:W271-W276..","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku339"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmud, S., Rafi, M.O., Paul, G.K., Promi, M.M., Shimu, M., Sultana, S., Biswas, S., Emran, T.B., Dhama, K., Alyami, S.A.J.Sr, 2021. Designing a multi-epitope vaccine candidate to combat MERS-CoV by employing an immunoinformatics approach 11:1-20.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92176-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morla, S., Makhija, A., Kumar, S.J.G., 2016. Synonymous codon usage pattern in glycoprotein gene of rabies virus 584:1-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.02.047"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib46","article-title":"Formulation optimization of chitosan nanoparticles incorporated rabies viral antigen and its influence on the release kinetics, immune potency and biosafety potential","volume":"2","author":"Namasivayam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym. Technol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narula, A., Pandey, R.K., Khatoon, N., Mishra, A., Prajapati, V.K.J.I., Genetics, Evolution, 2018. Excavating chikungunya genome to design B and T cell multi-epitope subunit vaccine using comprehensive immunoinformatics approach to control chikungunya infection 61:4-15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.03.007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naveed, M., Tehreem, S., Arshad, S., Bukhari, S.A., Shabbir, M.A., Essa, R., Ali, N., Zaib, S., Khan, A., Al-Harrasi, A.J.Joi, health p, 2021. Design of a novel multiple epitope-based vaccine: An immunoinformatics approach to combat SARS-CoV-2 strains 14:938-946.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.04.010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikolich-\u017dugich, J.J.Ni, 2018. The twilight of immunity: emerging concepts in aging of the immune system 19:10-19.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-017-0006-x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.175","article-title":"Hepatitis B-surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine fabricated chitosan-polyethylene glycol nanocomposite (HBsAg-CS-PEG-NC) preparation, immunogenicity, controlled release pattern, biocompatibility or non-target toxicity","volume":"144","author":"Nishanth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108073","article-title":"Identification of novel CA IX inhibitor: pharmacophore modeling, docking, DFT, and dynamic simulation","volume":"110","author":"Packiapalavesam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey, R.K., Sundar, S., Prajapati, V.K.J.Fim, 2016. Differential expression of miRNA regulates T cell differentiation and plasticity during visceral leishmaniasis infection 7:206..","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00206"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-514","article-title":"ElliPro: a new structure-based tool for the prediction of antibody epitopes","volume":"9","author":"Ponomarenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib54","first-page":"190","article-title":"Toroviruses affecting animals and humans: A review","volume":"9","author":"Pradesh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RiceP, L.J.T.G., 2000. BleasbyA. EMBOSS: TheEuropeanMolecularBiology Open Software Suite 16:276-277..","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)02024-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, A., Kucukural, A., Zhang, Y.J.Np, 2010. I-TASSER: a unified platform for automated protein structure and function prediction 5:725-738.","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.10.016","article-title":"Exploring the out of sight antigens of SARS-CoV-2 to design a candidate multi-epitope vaccine by utilizing immunoinformatics approaches","volume":"38","author":"Safavi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib58","unstructured":"Saha, S., Raghava, G.P.J.Isb, 2007. BTXpred: prediction of bacterial toxins 7:405-412."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schoch, C.L., Ciufo, S., Domrachev, M., Hotton, C.L., Kannan, S., Khovanskaya, R., Leipe, D., Mcveigh, R., O\u2019Neill, K., Robbertse, B.J.D., 2020. NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools 2020.","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baaa062"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4815","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2021.1874529","article-title":"Mining of Ebola virus genome for the construction of multi-epitope vaccine to combat its infection","volume":"40","author":"Shankar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shey, R.A., Ghogomu, S.M., Esoh, K.K., Nebangwa, N.D., Shintouo, C.M., Nongley, N.F., Asa, B.F., Ngale, F.N., Vanhamme, L., Souopgui, J.J.Sr, 2019. In-silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against onchocerciasis and related filarial diseases 9:4409.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40833-x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, D.-J., Park, S.-I., Jeong, Y.-J., Hosmillo, M., Kim, H.-H., Kim, H.-J., Kwon, H.-J., Kang, M.-I., Park, S.-J., Cho, K.-O.J.Aov, 2010. Detection and molecular characterization of porcine toroviruses in Korea 155:417-422..","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0595-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.10006","article-title":"Assessment of the CASP4 fold recognition category","volume":"45","author":"Sippl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Funct.\u00a0Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snijder, E.J., Horzinek, M.C.J.Jogv, 1993. Toroviruses: replication, evolution and comparison with other members of the coronavirus-like superfamily 74:2305-2316..","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-74-11-2305"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solanki, V., Tiwari, V.J.Sr, 2018. Subtractive proteomics to identify novel drug targets and reverse vaccinology for the development of chimeric vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii 8:9044.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26689-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib66","article-title":"Designing multi-epitope vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus by employing subtractive proteomics, reverse vaccinology and immuno-informatics approaches","volume":"132","author":"ul Qamar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D405","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku938","article-title":"The immune epitope database (IEDB) 3.0","volume":"43","author":"Vita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vita, R., Overton, J.A., Greenbaum, J.A., Ponomarenko, J., Clark, J.D., Cantrell, J.R., Wheeler, D.K., Gabbard, J.L., Hix, D., Sette, A.J.Nar, 2015. The immune epitope database (IEDB) 3.0 43:D405-D412..","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku938"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiederstein, M., Sippl, M.J.J.Nar, 2007. ProSA-web: interactive web service for the recognition of errors in three-dimensional structures of proteins 35:W407-W410..","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm290"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib70","series-title":"Ciba Foundation Symposium","first-page":"175","article-title":"Breda and Breda-Like Viruses: Diagnosis, Pathology and Epidemiology, Ciba Foundation Symposium 128-Novel Diarrhoea Viruses: Novel Diarrhoea Viruses","volume":"128","author":"Woode","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib71","unstructured":"Woode G.J.V.IotG.T., 2nd ed. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY. (1994) The toroviruses: bovine (Breda virus) and equine (Berne virus) and the torovirus-like agents of humans and animals:581-602."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285800802010049","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and viruses: induction of innate antiviral immune responses","author":"Xagorari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Open Microbiol. J. [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v47i2.6","article-title":"Modelling functional and structural impact of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of the DQA1 gene of three Nigerian goat breeds","volume":"47","author":"Yakubu","year":"2017","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, P., Yang, G., Qi, J., Sheng, B., Yang, Y., Zhang, S., Bi, G., Mao, X.J.Sr, 2021. The effect of multiple interventions to balance healthcare demand for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks: a modelling study 11:1-13..","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82170-y"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Bogdan, P., Nazarian, S.J.Sr, 2021. An in silico deep learning approach to multi-epitope vaccine design: a SARS-CoV-2 case study 11:3238..","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81749-9"}],"container-title":["Computational Biology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476927124002019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476927124002019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T15:03:33Z","timestamp":1734015813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1476927124002019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S1476927124002019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-9271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-9271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Using a dual immunoinformatics and bioinformatics approach to design a novel and effective multi-epitope vaccine against human torovirus disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computational Biology and Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108213","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108213"}}