{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:33:12Z","timestamp":1793151192833,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computational Biology and Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:12:01Z","timestamp":1786633921000},"page":"109302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A mathematical model of diabetes dynamics in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5170-5358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrutha","family":"Sreekumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6586-1392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukdeb","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koyel","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/00207160601167037","article-title":"A population model of diabetes and pre-diabetes","volume":"84","author":"Boutayeb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Math."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02896393","article-title":"A non-linear population model of diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Boutayeb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Math. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4754(01)00368-8","article-title":"Age structured models for diabetes in East Morocco","volume":"58","author":"Boutayeb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Math. Comput. Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b4","first-page":"251","article-title":"A mathematical model on glucose homeostasis in type 1 diabetes","author":"Boutayeb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Prev. Health Promot. Dev. Ctries."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-3-20","article-title":"A mathematical model for the burden of diabetes and its complications","volume":"3","author":"Boutayeb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Online"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5890\/JAND.2025.06.009","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of the diabetic population model with lifestyle transmission","volume":"14","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Nonlinear Dyn."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1134\/S2070048220040067","article-title":"Development and analysis of a mathematical model for the population dynamics of Diabetes Mellitus during pregnancy","volume":"12","author":"Daud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Math. Models Comput. Simul."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.9734\/arjom\/2025\/v21i4914","article-title":"The mathematical modeling of diabetic population with the formulation of optimal control strategies","volume":"21","author":"Dawodu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian Res. J. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2018.01.034","article-title":"An element-free Galerkin meshless method for simulating the behavior of cancer cell invasion of surrounding tissue","volume":"59","author":"Dehghan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105641","article-title":"Radial basis function-generated finite difference scheme for simulating the brain cancer growth model under radiotherapy in two various types of computational domain","volume":"195","author":"Dehghan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-019-00779-0","article-title":"The element-free Galerkin method based on moving least squares and moving Kriging approximations for solving two-dimensional tumor-induced angiogenesis model","volume":"36","author":"Dehghan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00055-6","article-title":"The effect of physical exercise on the dynamics of glucose and insulin","volume":"35","author":"Derouich","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"56","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b13","first-page":"2773","article-title":"Optimal control approach to the dynamics of a population of diabetics","volume":"8","author":"Derouich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b14","first-page":"125","article-title":"Life style related risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its increased prevalence in Saudi Arabia: A brief review","volume":"6","author":"Fareed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Res. Health Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.26.2.77","article-title":"Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Fowler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b16","series-title":"IDF diabetes atlas 10th edition 2021","author":"India Diabetes Report 2000\u20132045","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b17","series-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0030458","article-title":"Modelling the spread of diabetes transmission through social contact","volume":"Vol. 2296","author":"Kompas","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s12190-020-01474-w","article-title":"A multi-age mathematical modeling of the dynamics of population diabetics with effect of lifestyle using optimal control","volume":"67","author":"Kouidere","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Math. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b19","first-page":"156","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of food intake and insulin infusion in a patient with type 1 ddabetes in closed loop","volume":"17","author":"Manrique-Cordoba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Autom. Inform. Ind."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.009","article-title":"Diabetes in pregnancy","volume":"29","author":"McCance","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obs. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103803","article-title":"Generalized moving least squares approximation for the solution of local and nonlocal models of cancer cell invasion of tissue under the effect of adhesion in one- and two-dimensional spaces","volume":"124","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2020.113314","article-title":"Numerical simulation of a prostate tumor growth model by the RBF-FD scheme and a semi-implicit time discretization","volume":"388","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2020084","article-title":"Former gestational diabetes: Mathematical modeling of intravenous glucose tolerance test for the assessment of insulin clearance and its determinants","volume":"17","author":"Morettini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Math. Biosci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b24","first-page":"493","article-title":"Insulin clearance in women with a history of gestational diabetes assessed by mathematical model analyses of intravenous glucose tolerance test","volume":"76","author":"Morettini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediterr. Conf. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2022.106616","article-title":"A direct RBF-PU method for simulating the infiltration of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes into the tumor microenvironment","volume":"114","author":"Narimani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2024.108059","article-title":"A weighted combination of reproducing kernel particle shape functions with cardinal functions of scalable polyharmonic spline radial kernel utilized in Galerkin weak form of a mathematical model related to anti-angiogenic therapy","volume":"135","author":"Narimani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-4-41","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Negrato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-34287-7","article-title":"Mapping neighbourhood-level drivers of type 2 diabetes for precision public health using predictive and causal machine learning","volume":"16","author":"Noaeen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-020-01672-3","article-title":"Diabetes and COVID-19: disease\u2014management\u2014people","volume":"132","author":"Peric","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10765","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-024-10776-8","article-title":"Dynamic analysis of a diabetes mathematical model including heredity parameter and multiple time delays","volume":"113","author":"Tyagi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dynam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b31","article-title":"A mathematical model for the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus with lifestyle and genetic factors","volume":"1028","author":"Widyaningsih","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302_b32","unstructured":"World Health Organization, , https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/diabetes?tab=tab_1."}],"container-title":["Computational Biology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476927126004299?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476927126004299?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:46:14Z","timestamp":1793148374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1476927126004299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S1476927126004299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-9271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-9271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A mathematical model of diabetes dynamics in pregnancy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computational Biology and Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109302","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109302"}}