{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:32:19Z","timestamp":1793151139929,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009388","name":"Jazan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JU-202505363-DSSR-ORA-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JU-202505363-DSSR-ORA-2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009388","name":"Jazan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP2026-053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP2026-053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computational Biology and Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T23:37:58Z","timestamp":1786405078000},"page":"109320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Machine learning\u2013enabled multi-omics discovery of prognostic biomarkers and signaling targets in pancreatic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Shafiul","family":"Haque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2641-3160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darin Mansor","family":"Mathkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7068-8769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Wahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raju K.","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hifzur R.","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1102-1993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dharmendra K.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5775","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1795","article-title":"The incidence and survival of pancreatic cancer by histology, including rare subtypes: a nation-wide cancer registry-based study from Taiwan","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-023-00836-3","article-title":"Genomic analysis and filtration of novel prognostic biomarkers based on metabolic and immune subtypes in pancreatic cancer","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24341","article-title":"A combination of circulating tumor cells and CA199 improves the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1244578","article-title":"Proposing new early detection indicators for pancreatic cancer: combining machine learning and neural networks for serum miRNA-based diagnostic model","volume":"13","author":"Chi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01317","article-title":"Lifelines: survival analysis in Python","volume":"4","author":"Davidson-Pilon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open. Source Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib6","article-title":"Keratin 17 modulates the immune topography of pancreatic cancer","author":"Delgado-Coka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Sq."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.043","article-title":"Targeting DNA damage response and replication stress in pancreatic cancer","volume":"160","author":"Dreyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00132","article-title":"Combining hyperpolarized real-time metabolic imaging and NMR spectroscopy to identify metabolic biomarkers in pancreatic cancer","volume":"18","author":"Dutta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00115","article-title":"Integrative analysis of novel metabolic subtypes in pancreatic cancer fosters new prognostic biomarkers","volume":"9","author":"Follia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05590-0","article-title":"Machine learning-based identification of biomarkers and drugs in immunologically cold and hot pancreatic adenocarcinomas","volume":"22","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-01965-5","article-title":"Activation of the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway by ARNTL2 enhances cellular glycolysis and sensitizes pancreatic adenocarcinoma to erlotinib","volume":"23","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.01.028","article-title":"Transcriptomic-based microenvironment classification reveals precision medicine strategies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"166","author":"George","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4376","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174376","article-title":"Whole-genome analysis of de novo somatic point mutations reveals novel mutational biomarkers in pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Ghareyazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"btaf150","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf150","article-title":"Miss-SNF: a multimodal patient similarity network integration approach to handle completely missing data sources","volume":"41","author":"Gliozzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.769425","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of m6A RNA methylation regulators and the immune microenvironment to aid immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0300-1","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer stroma: an update on therapeutic targeting strategies","volume":"17","author":"Hosein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib17","article-title":"Cuproptosis-related gene index: a predictor for pancreatic cancer prognosis, immunotherapy efficacy, and chemosensitivity","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9694","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i44.9694","article-title":"Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer","volume":"22","author":"Ilic","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559","article-title":"WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis","volume":"9","author":"Langfelder","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2022.08.007","article-title":"Integrative transcriptomic analysis identifies a novel gene signature to predict prognosis of pancreatic cancer in different subtypes","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-022-05553-0","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: genetic conditions and epigenetic alterations","volume":"27","author":"Montalvo-Jav\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145023","article-title":"Beyond the genomic mutation: rethinking the molecular biomarkers of K-RAS dependency in pancreatic cancers","volume":"21","author":"Mottini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1189161","article-title":"Prediction of risk and overall survival of pancreatic cancer from blood soluble immune checkpoint-related proteins","volume":"14","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-019-0195-y","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq highlights intra-tumoral heterogeneity and malignant progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.07.007","article-title":"Integrated genomic characterization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Raphael","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12041024","article-title":"Current strategies and future perspectives for precision medicine in pancreatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Regel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","article-title":"Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis","volume":"20","author":"Rousseeuw","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2020.02.001","article-title":"Tissue biomarker panel as a surrogate marker for squamous subtype of pancreatic cancer","volume":"46","author":"Sahni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib30","article-title":"Clinical value of circulating microRNAs in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Senaratne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1551926","article-title":"Clinical significance of risk factor analysis in pancreatic cancer by using supervised model of machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Sherchan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib32","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA A cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-21-0964","article-title":"Opposite effects of Src family kinases on YAP and ERK activation in pancreatic cancer cells: implications for targeted therapy","volume":"21","author":"Sinnett-Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib34","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-017-0362-x","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of pancreatic cells across distant species highlights novel important regulator genes","volume":"15","author":"Tarife\u00f1o-Saldivia","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-91","article-title":"Bias in error estimation when using cross-validation for model selection","volume":"7","author":"Varma","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2810","article-title":"Similarity network fusion for aggregating data types on a genomic scale","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5462","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-1439","article-title":"A preclinical trial and molecularly annotated patient cohort identify predictive biomarkers in homologous recombination\u2013deficient pancreatic cancer","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-22-333","article-title":"Identification of characteristic markers correlated with Th2 cell infiltration and metabolism molecular subtype in pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09639-5","article-title":"Clinical significance and correlation of PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4, and TILs in pancreatic cancer","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03657-x","article-title":"Molecular classification reveals the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma to radiotherapy and immunotherapy: multi-omics clustering based on similarity network fusion","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib42","article-title":"A cancer-associated fibroblast gene signature predicts prognosis and therapy response in patients with pancreatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848231171456","article-title":"The role of molecular testing in pancreatic cancer","volume":"16","author":"Zhen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14225652","article-title":"A novel immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and its implications in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"}],"container-title":["Computational Biology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476927126004470?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476927126004470?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:39:23Z","timestamp":1793147963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1476927126004470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1476927126004470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-9271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-9271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Machine learning\u2013enabled multi-omics discovery of prognostic biomarkers and signaling targets in pancreatic cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computational Biology and Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2026.109320","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109320"}}