{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:27:31Z","timestamp":1786631251078,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007614","name":"Al Jouf University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DSR2020-04-2632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DSR2020-04-2632"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers and Electrical Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T01:53:03Z","timestamp":1651197183000},"page":"108055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Machine Learning Approach for Autonomous Detection and Classification of COVID-19 Virus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Osama R.","family":"Shahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6843-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamoud H.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Taloba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha M. Abd","family":"El-Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-01829-7","article-title":"Classification of COVID-19 in Chest X-Ray Images Using DeTraC Deep Convolutional Neural Network","volume":"51","author":"Abbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdulkareem, Nasiba M, Adnan Mohsin Abdulazeez, Diyar Qader Zeebaree, and Dathar A Hasan. 2020. \u201cCOVID-19 World Vaccination Progress Using Machine Learning Classification Algorithms,\u201d 6.","DOI":"10.48161\/qaj.v1n2a53"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-02076-6","article-title":"\u2018Fast Deep Learning Computer-Aided Diagnosis of COVID-19 Based on Digital Chest x-Ray Images","volume":"51","author":"Al-antari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/gct.104750","article-title":"A Case Study of Hypertension and COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Aminisefat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene, Cell and Tissue"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00441","article-title":"COVID-19 Mortality Rate Prediction for India Using Statistical Neural Network Models.\u201d","volume":"8","author":"Dhamodharavadhani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front in Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0006","series-title":"Artificial Intelligence for Coronavirus Outbreak","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Introduction to COVID-19","author":"Fong","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0007","series-title":"Data Science for COVID-19","first-page":"351","article-title":"A Novel Approach to Predict COVID-19 Using Support Vector Machine","author":"Guhathakurata","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0008","unstructured":"Imad, Muhammad, Naveed Khan, Farhat Ullah, Muhammad Abul Hassan, and Adnan Hussain. 2020. \u201cCOVID-19 Classification Based on Chest X-Ray Images Using Machine Learning Techniques,\u201d 11."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1049\/ipr2.12153","article-title":"COVID-19 Disease Severity Assessment Using CNN Model","volume":"15","author":"Irmak","year":"2021","journal-title":"IET Image Processing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.10.033","article-title":"Automatic Detection of Crop Rows Based on Multi-ROIs","volume":"42","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Sys with App"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0011","unstructured":"Khalifa, Nour Eldeen M, Mohamed Hamed N Taha, Aboul Ella Hassanien, and Sally Elghamrawy. 2020. \u201cDetection of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Associated Pneumonia Based on Generative Adversarial Networks and a Fine-Tuned Deep Transfer Learning Model Using Chest X-Ray Dataset.\u201d ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2004.01184."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.08.002","article-title":"Clinical, Pathological and Thin-Section CT Features of Persistent Multiple Ground-Glass Opacity Nodules: Comparison with Solitary Ground-Glass Opacity Nodule","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.JNS201007","article-title":"Introduction. On Pandemics: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Practice of Neurosurgery","volume":"133","author":"Kondziolka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J of Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2020.012151","article-title":"Performance Estimation of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Factor Analysis of COVID-19 Dataset","volume":"66","author":"Kumar Dubey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp, Mater & Continua"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.06.045","article-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"510","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta; Int J of Clin Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.3390\/app11031238","article-title":"An Automatic Approach for Individual HU-Based Characterization of Lungs in COVID-19 Patients","volume":"11","author":"Mazzilli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2014.08.004","article-title":"Performance of ACR Lung-RADS in a Clinical CT Lung Screening Program","volume":"12","author":"McKee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J of the Am Coll of Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0018","series-title":"Materials Today: Proceedings","article-title":"A New Model for Epidemic Prediction: COVID-19 in Kingdom Saudi Arabia Case Study","author":"Islam Abdalla","year":"2021"},{"issue":"December","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0019","article-title":"A Novel Medical Diagnosis Model for COVID-19 Infection Detection Based on Deep Features and Bayesian Optimization","volume":"97","author":"Nour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Nan-Nan, Ya Yang, Ling-Ling Tang, Yi-Ning Dai, Hai-Nv Gao, Hong-Ying Pan, and Bin Ju. 2020. \u201cA Prediction Model Based on Machine Learning for Diagnosing the Early COVID-19 Patients.\u201d Preprint. Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.03.20120881.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.03.20120881"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0021","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230548","article-title":"Association of Radiologic Findings with Mortality of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"15","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-01867-1","article-title":"COVID-19 Detection and Disease Progression Visualization: Deep Learning on Chest X-Rays for Classification and Coarse Localization","volume":"51","author":"Zebin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0024","article-title":"Supervised Framework for COVID-19 Classification and Lesion Localization from Chest CT","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethio J of Health Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0025","unstructured":"Zhao, Jinyu, Yichen Zhang, Xuehai He, and Pengtao Xie. 2020. \u201cCovid-Ct-Dataset: A Ct Scan Dataset about Covid-19.\u201d ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2003.13865490."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055_bib0026","article-title":"Factors Affecting Recurrent Positive RT-PCR Results in Clinically Cured COVID-19 Patients","volume":"9","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"A Multicent Study"}],"container-title":["Computers and Electrical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045790622003159?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045790622003159?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:29:53Z","timestamp":1786627793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045790622003159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S0045790622003159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-7906"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-7906","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Machine Learning Approach for Autonomous Detection and Classification of COVID-19 Virus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers and Electrical Engineering","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108055","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108055"}}