{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T02:21:47Z","timestamp":1782958907877,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]],"date-time":"2014-11-29T13:42:15Z","timestamp":1417268535000},"page":"152-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Correlates of dependence and treatment for substance use among people with comorbid severe mental and substance use disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Carr\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Crocamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Ornaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2979-2107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Montomoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2010.09.004","article-title":"Gender effects on drug use, abuse, and dependence: a special analysis of results from the national survey on drug use and health","volume":"7","author":"Cotto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gend Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026","article-title":"Co-morbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) study","volume":"264","author":"Regier","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-012-0305-z","article-title":"The lifetime and past-year prevalence of dual diagnosis in people with schizophrenia across Europe: findings from the European Schizophrenia Cohort (EuroSC)","volume":"262","author":"Carr\u00e0","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00523-6","article-title":"Drug and alcohol use among patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses: levels and consequences","volume":"67","author":"Margolese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490500528340","article-title":"Dual diagnosis\u2014policy and practice in Italy","volume":"15","author":"Carr\u00e0","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.716","article-title":"Criminal offending in schizophrenia over a 25-year period marked by deinstitutionalization and increasing prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders","volume":"161","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666060-00004","article-title":"Substance abuse and psychiatric disorders in HIV-positive patients: epidemiology and impact on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"66","author":"Chander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/S1121189X00002712","article-title":"Does HIV serostatus affect outcomes of dually diagnosed opiate dependents in residential treatment?","volume":"17","author":"Carr\u00e0","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06320","article-title":"Alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia: a national cohort study of 12,653 patients","volume":"72","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170500574X","article-title":"A meta-analysis of negative symptoms in dual diagnosis schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"Potvin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000060878.61384.ED","article-title":"The validity of DSM-IV alcohol dependence: what do we know and what do we need to know?","volume":"27","author":"Hasin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01584.x","article-title":"Substance use disorders: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10)","volume":"101","author":"Hasin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12060782","article-title":"DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale","volume":"170","author":"Hasin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.07.032","article-title":"Substance use and schizophrenia: adverse correlates in the CATIE study sample","volume":"132","author":"Kerfoot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0044-4","article-title":"Where have they been? Service use of regular substance users with and without abuse and dependence","volume":"41","author":"Perkonigg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.12.032","article-title":"Policy and practice implications of epidemiological surveys on co-occurring mental and substance use disorders","volume":"34","author":"Clark","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000355267","article-title":"Treatment for outpatients with comorbid schizophrenia and substance use disorders: a review","volume":"20","author":"De Witte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001399","article-title":"Prevalence, co-morbidity and correlates of mental disorders in the general population: results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS)","volume":"34","author":"Jacobi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0095","series-title":"Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 06\u20134194. NSDUH Series H-30","author":"SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.4.324","article-title":"Scottish Comorbidity Study Group. Substance use and schizophrenia: effects on symptoms, social functioning and service use","volume":"182","author":"Cantwell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.12.003","article-title":"Use of specialty substance abuse and mental health services in adults with substance use disorders in the community","volume":"78","author":"Mojtabai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000090429","article-title":"Severity profiles of substance-abusing patients in Italian community addiction facilities: influence of psychiatric concurrent disorders","volume":"212","author":"Carr\u00e0","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2007.01.011","article-title":"A systematic review of psychosocial research on psychosocial interventions for people with co-occurring severe mental and substance use disorders","volume":"34","author":"Drake","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.4.304","article-title":"Comorbidity of substance misuse and mental illness in community mental health and substance misuse services","volume":"183","author":"Weaver","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0458-2","article-title":"Variations in rates of comorbid substance use in psychosis between mental health settings and geographical areas in the UK. A systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Carr\u00e0","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-006-0695-x","article-title":"The current state of mental health care in Italy: problems, perspectives, and lessons to learn","volume":"257","author":"De Girolamo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184","article-title":"Screening for serious mental illness in the general population","volume":"60","author":"Kessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0140","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"APA (American Psychiatric Association)","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012","article-title":"The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance","volume":"33","author":"Endicott","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.04.008","article-title":"Do they actually work across borders? Evaluation of two measures of psychological distress as screening instruments in a non Anglo-Saxon country","volume":"26","author":"Carr\u00e0","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00756343","article-title":"Detection of substance use disorders in severely mentally ill patients","volume":"29","author":"Drake","year":"1993","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.05.028","article-title":"Assessing illicit drug use among adults with schizophrenia","volume":"200","author":"Van Dorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270170023","article-title":"Drug and alcohol problems amongst individuals with severe mental health problems in an inner city area of the UK","volume":"36","author":"Graham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0170","series-title":"In: Outcomes assessment in clinical practice","first-page":"113","article-title":"Clinician rating scales: Alcohol Use Scale (AUS), Drug Use Scale (DUS) and Substance Abuse Treatment Scale (SATS)","author":"Drake","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0175","series-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 10","author":"StataCorp","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.629","article-title":"Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.05.066","article-title":"Attempted suicide in people with co-occurring bipolar and substance use disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"167C","author":"Carr\u00e0","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.007","article-title":"Association between depression and non-fatal overdoses among drug users: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"134","author":"Bartoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.976","article-title":"Treating drug abuse and addiction in the criminal justice system: improving public health and safety","volume":"301","author":"Chandler","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61138-0","article-title":"Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease","volume":"379","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.1.31","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness","volume":"91","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60464-4","article-title":"Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse","volume":"369","author":"Nutt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01438.x","article-title":"The current status of urban\u2013rural differences in psychiatric disorders","volume":"121","author":"Peen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit266","article-title":"Management of mental health problems prior to and during treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with drug addiction","volume":"57","author":"Schaefer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900508","article-title":"Beliefs about schizophrenia in Italy: a comparative nationwide survey of the general public, mental health professionals, and patients' relatives","volume":"49","author":"Magliano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.8.1068","article-title":"Perceptions of need and help received for substance dependence in a national probability survey","volume":"60","author":"Grella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.008","article-title":"Alcohol treatment utilization: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"86","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/1067828X.2011.614873","article-title":"The stability of self-reported marijuana use across eight years of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth","volume":"20","author":"Shillington","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021_bb1000","article-title":"Comorbid addiction and major mental illness in Europe: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Carr\u00e0","year":"2014","journal-title":"Subst Abus"}],"container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X14003459?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X14003459?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,17]],"date-time":"2019-08-17T19:24:20Z","timestamp":1566069860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010440X14003459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0010440X14003459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-440X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-440X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Correlates of dependence and treatment for substance use among people with comorbid severe mental and substance use disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comprehensive Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.11.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}