{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:28:12Z","timestamp":1790468892805,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T10:41:13Z","timestamp":1631875273000},"page":"152271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Investigating racing thoughts in insomnia: A neglected piece of the mood-sleep puzzle?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Weiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Martz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00dclker","family":"Kilic-Huck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Bertschy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre A.","family":"Geoffroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Weibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Bourgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","author":"Association AP","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.08.008","article-title":"Epidemiology of insomnia: prevalence, self-help treatments, consultations, and determinants of help-seeking behaviors","volume":"7","author":"Morin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2017.12.002","article-title":"The association between insomnia and bedroom habits and bedroom characteristics: an exploratory cross-sectional study of a representative sample of adults","volume":"4","author":"Bjorvatn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S138823","article-title":"Hyperarousal and sleep reactivity in insomnia: current insights","volume":"10","author":"Kalmbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1159\/000365173","article-title":"Quality of life improvements after acceptance and commitment therapy in nonresponders to cognitive behavioral therapy for primary insomnia","volume":"83","author":"Hertenstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.682","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"301","author":"Morin","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.04.002","article-title":"The hyperarousal model of insomnia: a review of the concept and its evidence","volume":"14","author":"Riemann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181d75319","article-title":"Cognitive-emotional hyperarousal as a premorbid characteristic of individuals vulnerable to insomnia","volume":"72","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mendoza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.11.004","article-title":"Sleep-related cognitive processes, arousal, and emotion dysregulation in insomnia disorder: the role of insomnia-specific rumination","volume":"30","author":"Palagini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00061-4","article-title":"A cognitive model of insomnia","volume":"40","author":"Harvey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.01.001","article-title":"Nocturnal cognitive arousal: evidence for 24-h hyperarousal?","author":"Ong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.03.004","article-title":"Distinguishing rumination from worry in clinical insomnia","volume":"48","author":"Carney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.11.1457","article-title":"Epidemiology of insomnia, depression, and anxiety","volume":"28","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.033","article-title":"Racing thoughts revisited: a key dimension of activation in bipolar disorder","volume":"255","author":"Weiner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.05.006","article-title":"Phenomenology of racing and crowded thoughts in mood disorders: a theoretical reappraisal","volume":"121","author":"Piguet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.01.006","article-title":"Measuring racing thoughts in healthy individuals: the racing and crowded thoughts questionnaire (RCTQ)","volume":"82","author":"Weiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2020.01.007","article-title":"Racing and crowded thoughts in mood disorders: a data-oriented theoretical reappraisal","author":"Bertschy","year":"2020","journal-title":"L\u2019Encephale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0090","series-title":"Overcoming insomnia and sleep problems: A self-help guide using cognitive behavioural techniques","author":"Espie","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780260073008","article-title":"Racing thoughts in psychiatric inpatients","volume":"38","author":"Braden","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emotion regulation and biological stress responding: associations with worry, rumination, and reappraisal","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognit Emot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.06.014","article-title":"The relationship between worry, rumination, and comorbidity: evidence for repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic construct","volume":"151","author":"McEvoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2015.1083022","article-title":"When thinking impairs sleep: trait, daytime and nighttime repetitive thinking in insomnia","volume":"15","author":"Lancee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.05.004","article-title":"Transdiagnostic emotion regulation processes in bipolar disorder and insomnia","volume":"46","author":"Gruber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.03.011","article-title":"Transdiagnostic processes in emotional disorders and insomnia: results from a sample of adult outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders","volume":"50","author":"Fairholme","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0130","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Validation study of the Italian version of the insomnia severity index (ISI)","volume":"37","author":"Castronovo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Sci Off J Ital Neurol Soc Ital Soc Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00031-X","article-title":"Weekly assessment of worry: an adaptation of the Penn State worry questionnaire for monitoring changes during treatment","volume":"36","author":"St\u00f6ber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000395074","article-title":"Assessment of depression: the depression inventory","volume":"7","author":"Beck","year":"1974","journal-title":"Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.10.012","article-title":"TEMPS-A: validation of a short version of a self-rated instrument designed to measure variations in temperament","volume":"85","author":"Akiskal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0160","first-page":"97","article-title":"A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms","volume":"4","author":"Horne","year":"1976","journal-title":"Int J Chronobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1961.10482090","article-title":"Multiple comparisons among means","volume":"56","author":"Dunn","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113988","article-title":"Beyond motor hyperactivity: racing thoughts are an integral symptom of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"301","author":"Martz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.04.019","article-title":"Insight in bipolar mania: evaluation of its heterogeneity and correlation with clinical symptoms","volume":"199","author":"de Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.024","article-title":"Delineating ADHD and bipolar disorder: a comparison of clinical profiles in adult women","volume":"192","author":"Kitsune","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.01.001","article-title":"The association between insomnia-related sleep disruptions and cognitive dysfunction during the inter-episode phase of bipolar disorder","volume":"88","author":"Kanady","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024946","article-title":"A test of the bidirectional association between sleep and mood in bipolar disorder and insomnia","volume":"121","author":"Talbot","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2017.1357121","article-title":"Affective temperaments, mood, and insomnia symptoms in a nonclinical sample","volume":"17","author":"Oniszczenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01405","article-title":"Lying awake at night: cardiac autonomic activity in relation to sleep onset and maintenance","volume":"13","author":"Nano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6230","article-title":"Clusters of insomnia disorder: an exploratory cluster analysis of objective sleep parameters reveals differences in neurocognitive functioning, quantitative EEG, and heart rate variability","volume":"39","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0711-4","article-title":"Sleep problems in children with attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: current status of knowledge and appropriate management","volume":"18","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.032","article-title":"Insomnia and hypersomnia in major depressive episode: prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity in a population-based study","volume":"226","author":"Geoffroy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2015.8.1.21","article-title":"Pre-sleep arousal as a mediator of relationships among worry, rumination, and sleep quality","volume":"8","author":"Yeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cogn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.09.005","article-title":"Effects of rumination and worry on sleep","volume":"50","author":"Tousignant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.101253","article-title":"Pre-sleep cognitive activity in adults: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Lemyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90004-X","article-title":"The phenomenology of the pre-sleep state: the development of the pre-sleep arousal scale","volume":"23","author":"Nicassio","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.08.001","article-title":"Improving sleep with mindfulness and acceptance: a metacognitive model of insomnia","volume":"50","author":"Ong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0245","first-page":"70","article-title":"Effects of self-control procedures for insomnia","volume":"2","author":"Bootzin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Clin Biofeedback"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0250","first-page":"45","article-title":"Treatment of chronic insomnia by restriction of time in bed","volume":"10","author":"Spielman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sleep J Sleep Res Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00012-2","article-title":"The management of unwanted pre-sleep thoughts in insomnia: distraction with imagery versus general distraction","volume":"40","author":"Harvey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2008.10.004","article-title":"Mindfulness meditation and CBT for insomnia: a naturalistic 12-month follow-up","volume":"5","author":"Ong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Explore N Y N"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2009.00741.x","article-title":"Linking impulsivity to dysfunctional thought control and insomnia: a structural equation model","volume":"19","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"}],"container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X21000493?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X21000493?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T18:36:35Z","timestamp":1757874995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010440X21000493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0010440X21000493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-440X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-440X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigating racing thoughts in insomnia: A neglected piece of the mood-sleep puzzle?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comprehensive Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152271","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152271"}}