{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:23:57Z","timestamp":1792211037416,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110049\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110049\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014934","name":"Avanir Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014934","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]],"date-time":"2021-09-19T21:51:36Z","timestamp":1632088296000},"page":"152272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical presentation of body-focused repetitive behaviors in minority ethnic groups"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Jon E.","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim H.","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15111432","article-title":"Trichotillomania","volume":"173","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12040508","article-title":"Skin picking disorder","volume":"169","author":"Grant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.033","article-title":"Prevalence of skin picking (excoriation) disorder","volume":"130","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948","article-title":"Prevalence, gender correlates, and co-morbidity of trichotillomania","volume":"288","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.3.365","article-title":"Characteristics of 60 adult chronic hair pullers","volume":"148","author":"Christenson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.12.009","article-title":"Styles of pulling in trichotillomania: exploring differences in symptom severity, phenomenology, and functional impact","volume":"46","author":"Flessner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n1207","article-title":"Trichotillomania learning center-scientific advisory board. The trichotillomania impact project (TIP): exploring phenomenology, functional impairment, and treatment utilization","volume":"67","author":"Woods","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.03.014","article-title":"Ethnic differences in trichotillomania: phenomenology, interference, impairment, and treatment efficacy","volume":"24","author":"Neal-Barnett","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00138.x","article-title":"Trichotillomania symptoms in African American women: are they related to anxiety and culture?","volume":"17","author":"Neal-Barnett","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0050","first-page":"753","article-title":"Affective states and racial identity among African-American women with trichotillomania","volume":"98","author":"Neal-Barnett","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016099015437","article-title":"Hair pulling behavior reported by African American and non African American college students","volume":"24","author":"McCarley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0060","first-page":"471","article-title":"Hairpulling in a diverse college sample","volume":"8","author":"Dubose","year":"2006","journal-title":"NA J Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22171","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity and treatment outcome in a randomized controlled trial for trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder)","volume":"71","author":"Falkenstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0070","first-page":"33","article-title":"Trichotillomania: a psychopathological perspective and the psychiatric comorbidity of hair pulling","volume":"28","author":"Anwar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S76088","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of acne, vitiligo, and psoriasis: a review","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0080","first-page":"22","article-title":"The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.11.001","article-title":"Identifying subtypes of trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder) and excoriation (skin picking) disorder using mixture modeling in a multicenter sample","volume":"137","author":"Grant","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000289003","article-title":"The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Hairpulling scale: 1. Development and factor analysis","volume":"64","author":"Keuthen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181e617a1","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine for pathological skin picking: treatment efficacy and neurocognitive predictors of response","volume":"30","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0100","series-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology","first-page":"76","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445515580533","article-title":"Replication study of the milwaukee inventory for subtypes of trichotillomania-adult version in a clinically characterized sample","volume":"39","author":"Keuthen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2008.07.002","article-title":"The milwaukee inventory for the dimensions of adult skin picking (MIDAS): initial development and psychometric properties","volume":"40","author":"Walther","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199606003-00015","article-title":"The measurement of disability","volume":"11","author":"Sheehan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1037\/1099-9809.6.4.352","article-title":"Hair pulling in African Americans--only your hairdresser knows for sure: an exploratory study","volume":"6","author":"Neal-Barnett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.08.004","article-title":"Hair pulling and its affective correlates in an African-American university sample","volume":"21","author":"Mansueto","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"}],"container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X2100050X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X2100050X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T20:35:46Z","timestamp":1762115746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010440X2100050X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0010440X2100050X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-440X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-440X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical presentation of body-focused repetitive behaviors in minority ethnic groups","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comprehensive Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152272","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152272"}}