{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T02:38:29Z","timestamp":1783046309817,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81901348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81901348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010096","name":"Southern Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019Z014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019Z014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010096","name":"Southern Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21NJ-ZDPY01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21NJ-ZDPY01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2501500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2501500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T03:30:43Z","timestamp":1654918243000},"page":"152332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Infralow-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation as a therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Shufei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: fifth edition (DSM-5)","author":"Francesmonneris","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30511-X","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016035","article-title":"The association of anxiety and depressive symptoms with cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"24","author":"Beaudreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003579","article-title":"Executive function and other cognitive deficits are distal risk factors of generalized anxiety disorder 9 years later","volume":"48","author":"Zainal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0708","article-title":"A preliminary study of fMRI-guided rTMS in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"69","author":"Bystritsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0030","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for generalised anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(02)00512-2","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation: neurophysiological applications and safety","volume":"50","author":"Anand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(97)00096-8","article-title":"Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996","volume":"108","author":"Wassermann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0045","article-title":"Biological effects of constant field and its safety exposure limits","volume":"50-52","author":"Guo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0050","first-page":"127","article-title":"Effects of gamma aminobutyric acid and dopamine characteristic repetitive ultra-low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulations on rats' neurotransmitter power","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese J Rehab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0055","first-page":"38","article-title":"Preliminary analysis of the effect of repeated ultralow-frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the early efficacy and cognitive function in patients with first-episode depression","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sichuan Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0060","first-page":"2168","article-title":"Efficacy of ultralow-frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in patients with insomnia","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pract Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.168203","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for generalised anxiety disorder: a pilot randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled trial","volume":"209","author":"Diefenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.05.018","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind sham controlled clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Dilkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0075","first-page":"351","article-title":"Early effect of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with venlafaxine in treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.07.002","article-title":"Improvements in emotion regulation following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"43","author":"Diefenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0063-8","article-title":"Inhibition in the amygdala anxiety circuitry","volume":"50","author":"Babaev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0095","first-page":"317","article-title":"Efficacy of ultra-low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation in anxiety disorders","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sichuan Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0110","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0115","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Treatment emergent symptoms scale","volume":"21","author":"Nimh.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200977","article-title":"Microcomputer analyses of performance on a portable, simple visual RT task during sustained operations","volume":"17","author":"Dinges","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.19.6.625.20886","article-title":"THE GO\/NO-GO ASSOCIATION TASK","volume":"19","author":"Nosek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20131","article-title":"N-back working memory paradigm: a meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"25","author":"Owen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0135","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.03.021","article-title":"Dose equivalents of antidepressants: Evidence-based recommendations from randomized controlled trials","volume":"180","author":"Hayasaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.05.016","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the right parietal cortex for comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712002383","article-title":"Prefrontal dysfunction during emotion regulation in generalized anxiety and panic disorders","volume":"43","author":"Ball","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709005649","article-title":"Neural correlates of worry in generalized anxiety disorder and in normal controls: a functional MRI study","volume":"40","author":"Paulesu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.46","article-title":"Deficient prefrontal attentional control in late-life generalized anxiety disorder: an fMRI investigation","volume":"1","author":"Price","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.07.024","article-title":"Is rTMS an effective therapeutic strategy that can be used to treat anxiety disorders?","volume":"62","author":"Machado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.2174\/187152711796234943","article-title":"The value of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of anxiety disorders: an integrative review","volume":"10","author":"Paes","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0208","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a comprehensive summary of safety experience from acute exposure, extended exposure, and during reintroduction treatment","volume":"69","author":"Janicak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.05.094","article-title":"Treating anxious depression using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"151","author":"Diefenbach","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1996)4:4<160::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Comorbid depression and anxiety spectrum disorders","volume":"4","author":"Gorman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16cs10905","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for the clinical application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of depression","volume":"79","author":"Mcclintock","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-009-0333-7","article-title":"Cognitive effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Guse","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1592-8","article-title":"A systematic review of the effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognition","volume":"123","author":"Lage","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.09.006","article-title":"Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Cognitive decline: a 12-year follow-up cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Gulpers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acx120","article-title":"The residual medium and long-term cognitive effects of benzodiazepine use: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Crowe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"}],"container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X22000384?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X22000384?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T18:37:46Z","timestamp":1757875066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010440X22000384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0010440X22000384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-440X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-440X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infralow-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation as a therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comprehensive Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152332","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152332"}}