{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T03:14:41Z","timestamp":1785554081406,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010583","name":"Universit\u00e4t Konstanz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010583","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2117 \\u2013 422037984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2117 \\u2013 422037984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T11:10:34Z","timestamp":1750677034000},"page":"152618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Patients with borderline personality disorder show initially reduced psychophysiological relaxation levels but intact relaxation response"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Raphaela J.","family":"Gaertner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elea S.C.","family":"Klink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika B.E.","family":"Benz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette F.","family":"Denk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Wienhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Volkmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina E.","family":"Kossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens C.","family":"Pruessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0005","series-title":"The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines","volume":"vol. 1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0010","series-title":"S3-Leitlinie Borderline-Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsst\u00f6rung. 1.0","author":"DGPPN e. V","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.0589","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder: a review","volume":"329","author":"Leichsenring","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0020","series-title":"Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder","author":"Linehan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0335-2","article-title":"Components of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: a review","volume":"15","author":"Carpenter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015616","article-title":"A biosocial developmental model of borderline personality: elaborating and extending Linehan\u2019s theory","volume":"135","author":"Crowell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.879166","article-title":"Emotion regulation, parasympathetic function, and psychological well-being","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.07.002","article-title":"Resting state vagal tone in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Koenig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1159\/000511543","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic modulation during metronomic breathing and stress exposure in patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"80","author":"Geiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.024","article-title":"Resting cardiac function in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: the impact of borderline personality disorder symptoms and psychosocial functioning","volume":"248","author":"Koenig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579421001826","article-title":"Measuring early life adversity: a dimensional approach","volume":"34","author":"Berman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620920725","article-title":"Rethinking concepts and categories for understanding the neurodevelopmental effects of childhood adversity","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13928","article-title":"Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: proposed psychological and neural mechanisms","volume":"1428","author":"Duffy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13118","article-title":"Childhood adversity and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Porter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201100311","article-title":"Use of dialectical behavior therapy in inpatient treatment of borderline personality disorder: a systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Bloom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0080","first-page":"365","article-title":"Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder","volume":"4","author":"Linehan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Handb Psychol Disord Step"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71173-w","article-title":"Standardized massage interventions as protocols for the induction of psychophysiological relaxation in the laboratory: a block randomized, controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Meier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5298\/1081-5937-42.1.07","article-title":"Effect of a brief guided imagery on stress","volume":"42","author":"Bigham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biofeedback"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0095","article-title":"How breath-control can change your life: a systematic review on psycho-physiological correlates of slow breathing","volume":"353","author":"Zaccaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007","article-title":"The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity","volume":"35","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-006-0119-0","article-title":"Heart rate variability: a review","volume":"44","author":"Acharya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00805","article-title":"Considerations in the assessment of heart rate variability in biobehavioral research","volume":"5","author":"Quintana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0115","first-page":"258","article-title":"An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Front","author":"Shaffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000603","article-title":"Vagal mediation of low-frequency heart rate variability during slow yogic breathing","volume":"80","author":"Kromenacker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218550","article-title":"Training of paced breathing at 0.1 Hz improves CO2 homeostasis and relaxation during a paced breathing task","volume":"14","author":"Szulczewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0130","series-title":"The relaxation response","first-page":"L975","author":"Benson","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0135","series-title":"Assessing Momentary States of Relaxation: The Relaxation State Questionnaire","author":"Steghaus","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2164956119848654","article-title":"A review of field experiments on the effect of forest bathing on anxiety and heart rate variability","volume":"8","author":"Farrow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Adv Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2318-8","article-title":"The effects of views of nature on autonomic control","volume":"112","author":"Gladwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4739","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234739","article-title":"Physiological benefits of viewing nature: a systematic review of indoor experiments","volume":"16","author":"Jo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0155","first-page":"9","article-title":"A review of the current evidence for the health benefits derived from forest bathing","author":"Payne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Health Wellness Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122804","article-title":"Psychological benefits of walking through forest areas","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0165","series-title":"Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment. Behav. nat. environ","first-page":"85","author":"Ulrich","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2023.102035","article-title":"Relaxing effects of virtual environments on the autonomic nervous system indicated by heart rate variability: a systematic review","author":"Gaertner","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Environ Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0175","first-page":"87","article-title":"The relaxing effect of virtual nature: immersive technology provides relief in acute stress situations","volume":"16","author":"Liszio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cyberther Telemed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0180","first-page":"13","article-title":"Nature-based relaxation videos and their effect on heart rate variability","author":"Benz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3109\/03091902.2015.1116632","article-title":"Impaired parasympathetic augmentation under relaxation in patients with depression as assessed by a novel non-contact microwave radar system","volume":"40","author":"Matsui","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78340-3","article-title":"Early life adversity blunts the subjective and physiological relaxation response in healthy adults","volume":"14","author":"Gaertner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x","article-title":"A parental bonding instrument","volume":"52","author":"Parker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0205","series-title":"Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality","author":"Widiger","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e803","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.73","article-title":"Guidelines for reporting articles on psychiatry and heart rate variability (GRAPH): recommendations to advance research communication","volume":"6","author":"Quintana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.451003.x","article-title":"Epilepsy and videogames","volume":"45","author":"Bureau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002779","article-title":"Antidepressants and heart-rate variability in older adults: a population-based study","volume":"46","author":"Noordam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900022264","article-title":"Low heart rate variability is not caused by typical neuroleptics in schizophrenia patients","volume":"7","author":"Malaspina","year":"2002","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00458","article-title":"Vagal tank theory: the three rs of cardiac vagal control functioning\u2013resting, reactivity, and recovery","volume":"12","author":"Laborde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.05.023","article-title":"Inducing physiological stress recovery with sounds of nature in a virtual reality forest\u2014results from a pilot study","volume":"118","author":"Annerstedt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916518787318","article-title":"Nature streaming: contrasting the effectiveness of perceived live and recorded videos of nature for restoration","volume":"51","author":"Snell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0245","series-title":"Awesome breathing","author":"Gollehon","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.009817","article-title":"The physiological effects of slow breathing in the healthy human","volume":"13","author":"Russo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00213","article-title":"Heart rate variability and cardiac vagal tone in psychophysiological research\u2013recommendations for experiment planning, data analysis, and data reporting","volume":"8","author":"Laborde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0260","series-title":"Heart rate variability logger","author":"Altini","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0265","series-title":"The many faces of early life adversity-content overlap in validated assessment instruments as well as in fear and reward learning research","author":"Koppold","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247564","article-title":"Die deutsche version des childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ): erste befunde zu den psychometrischen kennwerten","author":"Wingenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"PPmP-Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0275","first-page":"34","article-title":"Psychometric properties of a German translation of the parental bonding instrument","volume":"72","author":"Benz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1104598","article-title":"Kurzversion der Borderline-Symptom-Liste (BSL-23): Entwicklung und \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften","volume":"59","author":"Wolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"PPmP - Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0285","article-title":"Beck depression inventory\u2013II","author":"Beck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1314869","article-title":"Fr\u00fcherkennung von Depressionen in der P\u00e4diatrie: Kriteriumsvalidit\u00e4t des Beck Depressions-Inventar Revison (BDI-II) und des Beck Depressions-Inventar\u2013Fast Screen for Medical Patients (BDI-FS)","volume":"62","author":"Pietsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"PPmP - Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.12.012","article-title":"Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Kemp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-187","article-title":"Altered cardiac autonomic nervous function in depression","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0305","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0310","series-title":"RStudio: integrated development environment for R","author":"Posit Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0315","series-title":"RHRV: Heart rate variability analysis of ECG data","author":"Rodriguez-Linares","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0320","series-title":"multilevel: Multilevel functions","author":"Bliese","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0325","series-title":"ggpubr: \u201cggplot2\u201d based publication ready plots","author":"Kassambara","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6218","article-title":"Sleep duration and quality in relation to autonomic nervous system measures: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"39","author":"Castro-Diehl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01604.2011","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of partial sleep deprivation in healthy volunteers","volume":"113","author":"Dettoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33013-5","article-title":"Effects of sleep fragmentation and partial sleep restriction on heart rate variability during night","volume":"13","author":"Schlagintweit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.04.014","article-title":"Psychophysiological ambulatory assessment of affective dysregulation in borderline personality disorder","volume":"150","author":"Ebner-Priemer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.909","article-title":"Stress reactivity and pain-mediated stress regulation in remitted patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"8","author":"Willis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2021.108146","article-title":"Cardiac parasympathetic activity in female patients with borderline personality disorder predicts approach\/avoidance behavior towards angry faces","volume":"163","author":"Mai\u00df","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3998","DOI":"10.3390\/s21123998","article-title":"Heart rate variability in psychology: a review of HRV indices and an analysis tutorial","volume":"21","author":"Pham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health","volume":"36","author":"Thayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16069","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.19m12753","article-title":"A clinical trial of a psychoeducation group intervention for patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"81","author":"Ridolfi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.09.024","article-title":"Efficacy of metacognitive training for patients with borderline personality disorder: preliminary results","volume":"262","author":"Schilling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2017.03.001","article-title":"Emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder: an experimental investigation of the effects of instructed acceptance and suppression","volume":"48","author":"Dixon-Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.10.008","article-title":"Respiratory sinus arrhythmia biofeedback alters heart rate variability and default mode network connectivity in major depressive disorder: a preliminary study","volume":"158","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.01.001","article-title":"Adding HRV biofeedback to psychotherapy increases heart rate variability and improves the treatment of major depressive disorder","volume":"131","author":"Caldwell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12972","article-title":"Breathing exercise combined with cognitive behavioural intervention improves sleep quality and heart rate variability in major depression","volume":"24","author":"Chien","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248686","article-title":"Reduction of depressive symptoms during inpatient treatment is not associated with changes in heart rate variability","volume":"16","author":"Neyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20533","article-title":"Effect of medication and psychotherapy on heart rate variability in panic disorder","volume":"26","author":"Garakani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2020.1858155","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system activity and dialectical behavioral therapy outcome in adolescent borderline personality pathology","volume":"22","author":"Weise","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243488","article-title":"Heart rate variability is enhanced during mindfulness practice: a randomized controlled trial involving a 10-day online-based mindfulness intervention","volume":"15","author":"Kirk","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04957-9","article-title":"Different exercise training modalities similarly improve heart rate variability in sedentary middle-aged adults: the FIT-AGEING randomized controlled trial","volume":"122","author":"Navarro-Lomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110336","article-title":"Cardiac autonomic functioning and clinical outcome in adolescent borderline personality disorder over two years","volume":"111","author":"Sigrist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.10.026","article-title":"Early life maltreatment and resting-state heart rate variability: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Sigrist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13514","article-title":"The relationship of trauma exposure to heart rate variability during wake and sleep in midlife women","volume":"57","author":"Thurston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(03)00156-2","article-title":"The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic contributions to social behavior","volume":"79","author":"Porges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2009.23.1.6","article-title":"Emotion recognition in borderline personality disorder\u2014a review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Domes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093037","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2022.2093037","article-title":"Severity of childhood maltreatment predicts reaction times and heart rate variability during an emotional working memory task in borderline personality disorder","volume":"13","author":"Krause-Utz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1383-2","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: exploring the affected biological systems and mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Cattane","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2019.02.007","article-title":"EEG-vigilance regulation in borderline personality disorder","volume":"139","author":"Kramer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002322","article-title":"A momentary assessment study of the reputed emotional phenotype associated with borderline personality disorder","volume":"38","author":"Glaser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"}],"container-title":["Comprehensive Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X2500046X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010440X2500046X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T20:37:31Z","timestamp":1762115851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010440X2500046X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0010440X2500046X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-440X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-440X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Patients with borderline personality disorder show initially reduced psychophysiological relaxation levels but intact relaxation response","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comprehensive Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152618","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152618"}}