{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:49:27Z","timestamp":1789555767109,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]],"date-time":"2013-05-02T01:21:59Z","timestamp":1367457719000},"page":"167-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Zygoma Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Markiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savannah","family":"Gelesko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Bryan","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181e62e47","article-title":"Characteristics and epidemiology of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures","volume":"21","author":"Bogusiak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(60)80063-X","article-title":"The classification of malar fractures: an analysis of displacement as\u00a0a guide to treatment","volume":"13","author":"Knight","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199006000-00008","article-title":"The importance of the zygomatic arch in complex midfacial fracture repair and correction of posttraumatic orbitozygomatic deformities","volume":"85","author":"Gruss","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198007000-00010","article-title":"Structural pillars of the facial skeleton: an approach to the management of Le Fort fractures","volume":"66","author":"Manson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200205000-00004","article-title":"Posttraumatic\u00a0craniofacial reconstruction using combined resorbable and nonresorbable fixation systems","volume":"48","author":"Majewski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib6","series-title":"Anatomie f\u00fcr Zahn\u00e4rzte","author":"Sicher","year":"1928"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib7","series-title":"Surgery of the facial skeleton","author":"Dingman","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib8","series-title":"Fractures of the facial skeleton","author":"Rowe","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(83)90158-1","article-title":"Classification of malar complex fractures using computed tomography","volume":"41","author":"Fujii","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31369-9","article-title":"Classification and treatment of orbitozygomatic and orbitoethmoid fractures. The place of bone grafting and plate fixation","volume":"16","author":"Jackson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30901-9","article-title":"Optimizing the management of orbitozygomatic fractures","volume":"19","author":"Rohrich","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860360061018","article-title":"The zygomatic arch as a guide to reconstruction of comminuted malar fractures","volume":"115","author":"Stanley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.12.1306","article-title":"Facial fracture classification according to skeletal support mechanisms","volume":"124","author":"Donat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2009.01.008","article-title":"Skull base and maxillofacial fractures: two centre study with\u00a0correlation of clinical findings with a comprehensive craniofacial classification system","volume":"37","author":"B\u00e4chli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.12.079","article-title":"A\u00a0new proposal of classification of zygomatic arch fractures","volume":"65","author":"Ozyazgan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199002000-00006","article-title":"Toward CT-based facial fracture treatment","volume":"85","author":"Manson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(96)90107-X","article-title":"Analysis of treatment for isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures","volume":"54","author":"Ellis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80241-0","article-title":"Evaluation of results with three-point visualization of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures","volume":"80","author":"Makowski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200211000-00012","article-title":"The sphenozygomatic suture as a key site for osteosynthesis of the orbitozygomatic complex in panfacial fractures: a biomechanical study in human cadavers based on clinical practice","volume":"110","author":"Rohner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib20","first-page":"415","article-title":"A\u00a0rare cause of complete \u201cspectacle hematoma\u201d","volume":"5","author":"Rieger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ger J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0503(76)80016-1","article-title":"Treatment of zygomatic fractures: internal wiring-antral-packing-reposition without fixation","volume":"4","author":"Altonen","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198504000-00009","article-title":"Orbital volume\u00a0measurements in enophthalmos using three-dimensional CT imaging","volume":"75","author":"Bite","year":"1985","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib23","first-page":"HY23","article-title":"Eye birth defects in humans may be caused by a recessively-inherited genetic predisposition to the effects of maternal vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Hornby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1979.00790180018004","article-title":"Fractures of the zygoma. A geometric, biomechanical, and surgical analysis","volume":"105","author":"Karlan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198710000-00011","article-title":"Surgical management of volumetric changes in the bony orbit","volume":"19","author":"Pearl","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-197805000-00003","article-title":"Orbital blowout fractures: an approach to management","volume":"1","author":"Pearl","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1991.01870180047010","article-title":"Treatment of 813 zygoma-lateral orbital complex fractures. New aspects","volume":"117","author":"Zingg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib28","first-page":"204","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of zygomatic complex fractures","volume":"28","author":"Wiesenbaugh","year":"1970","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(98)80091-X","article-title":"Infraorbital nerve function following treatment of orbitozygomatic complex fractures. A multitest approach","volume":"27","author":"Vriens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80662-9","article-title":"Recovery of the infraorbital nerve after zygomatic complex fractures: a preliminary study of different treatment methods","volume":"22","author":"Taicher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450070167018","article-title":"New insights in the human orbital connective tissue. Result of a new anatomical approach","volume":"95","author":"Koornneef","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199904010-00031","article-title":"Subunit principles in midface fractures: the importance of sagittal buttresses, soft-tissue reductions, and sequencing treatment of segmental fractures","volume":"103","author":"Manson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib33","series-title":"Surgery: its principles and practice","author":"Kenn","year":"1909"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198701000-00023","article-title":"Single eyelid incision for exposure of the zygomatic bone and orbital reconstruction","volume":"79","author":"Manson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(77)90009-1","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of conjunctival and subciliary incisions for orbital fractures","volume":"30","author":"Wray","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197711000-00003","article-title":"Upper lid blepharoplasty","volume":"60","author":"Baker","year":"1977","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(90)90344-2","article-title":"Cutaneous approaches to the orbital skeleton and periorbital structures","volume":"48","author":"Eppley","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.120975","article-title":"Demographics and treatment options for orbital roof fractures","volume":"93","author":"Haug","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198304000-00009","article-title":"Subciliary incision and skin-muscle eyelid flap for orbital fractures","volume":"10","author":"Heckler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1992.tb02788.x","article-title":"Upper eyelid blepharoplasty","volume":"18","author":"Perman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(96)80040-0","article-title":"Supratarsal fold incision for approach to the superior lateral orbit","volume":"81","author":"Kung","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib42","series-title":"Surgical approaches to the facial skeleton","author":"Ellis","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib43","first-page":"141","article-title":"Fractures of the zygomatic complex: an evaluation of surgical management with special emphasis on the eyebrow approach","volume":"31","author":"Pozatek","year":"1973","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1993.01880210090012","article-title":"Transconjunctival approach vs subciliary skin-muscle flap approach for orbital fracture repair","volume":"119","author":"Appling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199210000-00006","article-title":"Comparison of transcutaneous incisions used for exposure of the infraorbital rim and orbital floor: a retrospective study","volume":"90","author":"Bahr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(00)80025-9","article-title":"Transcaruncular approach for reconstruction of medial orbital wall fracture","volume":"29","author":"Baumann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198106000-00003","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized comparison of four incisions for orbital fractures","volume":"67","author":"Holtmann","year":"1981","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.09.019","article-title":"Surgical approaches to the infraorbital rim and orbital floor: the case for the transconjunctival approach","volume":"64","author":"Kushner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.5","article-title":"Combined transconjunctival and transcaruncular approach for repair of large medial orbital wall fractures","volume":"127","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199510000-00007","article-title":"Transconjunctival versus transcutaneous lower eyelid blepharoplasty: a prospective study","volume":"96","author":"Netscher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000054209.18400.4E","article-title":"Subciliary versus subtarsal approaches to orbitozygomatic fractures","volume":"111","author":"Rohrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.09.018","article-title":"Surgical approaches to the infraorbital rim and orbital floor: the case for the subtarsal approach","volume":"64","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2008.07.005","article-title":"Subciliary versus swinging eyelid approach to the orbital floor","volume":"36","author":"De Riu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181babb3d","article-title":"The incidence of lower eyelid malposition after facial fracture repair: a retrospective study and meta-analysis comparing subtarsal, subciliary, and transconjunctival incisions","volume":"124","author":"Ridgway","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(71)90592-7","article-title":"Orbital blow-out fracture repair, conjunctival approach","volume":"71","author":"Tenzel","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197312000-00010","article-title":"The\u00a0conjunctival approach in orbital fractures","volume":"52","author":"Converse","year":"1973","journal-title":"Plast\u00a0Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1008239","volume":"63","author":"Stoll","year":"1984","journal-title":"Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(94)90020-5","article-title":"Combined transconjunctival lateral canthotomy approach for infraorbital nerve exploration: report of a case","volume":"52","author":"Ciarallo","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(92)90089-9","article-title":"Lateral canthotomy transconjunctival approach to the orbit","volume":"73","author":"Hadeed","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(84)90082-2","article-title":"Review of the lower blepharoplasty incision as a surgical approach to zygomatic-orbital fractures","volume":"22","author":"Pospisil","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.008","article-title":"The subtarsal incision: where should it be placed?","volume":"69","author":"Feldman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1924.26520340001014b","article-title":"Plastic repair of depressed fracture of lower orbital rim","volume":"82","author":"Goldthwaite","year":"1924","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.04.018","article-title":"Towel clip reduction of the depressed zygomatic arch fracture","volume":"63","author":"Carter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800145612","article-title":"Fractures of the malar-zygomatic compound: with a description of a new x-ray position","volume":"14","author":"Gillies","year":"1927","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80470-7","article-title":"Use of the coronal surgical incision for reconstruction of severe craniomaxillofacial injuries","volume":"48","author":"Abubaker","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0503(80)80072-5","article-title":"Combined cranio-facial fractures","volume":"8","author":"Matras","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.01.037","article-title":"A\u00a0new coronal scalp technique to treat craniofacial fracture: the supratemporalis approach","volume":"113","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2012.08.004","article-title":"Traditional and contemporary surgical approaches to the orbit","volume":"24","author":"Markiewicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-117X(79)80036-0","article-title":"A\u00a0modified pre-auricular approach to the temporomandibular joint and malar arch","volume":"17","author":"Al-Kayat","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800520915","article-title":"Landmarks for the trunk and the temporofacial division of the facial nerve","volume":"52","author":"Furnas","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198902000-00011","article-title":"Anatomy of the frontal branch of the facial nerve: the significance of the temporal fat pad","volume":"83","author":"Stuzin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199401000-00031","article-title":"The coronal incision revisited","volume":"93","author":"Munro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.5.3.259","article-title":"The coronal incision: sinusoidal, sawtooth, and postauricular techniques","volume":"5","author":"Fox","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200110000-00009","article-title":"The temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction after head and neck oncologic surgery","volume":"111","author":"Hanasono","year":"2001","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000168764.48486.a2","article-title":"The anatomy of temporal hollowing: the superficial temporal fat pad","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947908800315","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the orbit","volume":"88","author":"Rontal","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10366","article-title":"Surgical management of maxillectomy defects based on the concept of buttress reconstruction","volume":"26","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198607000-00002","article-title":"Complex maxillary fractures: role of buttress reconstruction and immediate bone grafts","volume":"78","author":"Gruss","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.01.006","article-title":"Status of the internal orbit after reduction of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures","volume":"62","author":"Ellis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900040020003","article-title":"Criteria for selective management of the orbital rim and floor in zygomatic complex and midface fractures","volume":"123","author":"Shumrick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.07.098","article-title":"Computer-assisted planning, stereolithographic modeling, and intraoperative navigation for complex orbital reconstruction: a descriptive study in a preliminary cohort","volume":"67","author":"Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2008.02.004","article-title":"Clinical anatomy of the superior orbital fissure and the orbital apex","volume":"36","author":"Reymond","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830903190123","article-title":"Orbital apex syndrome from blunt ocular trauma","volume":"29","author":"Peter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31822672c4","article-title":"Radiographic predictors of visual outcome in orbital compartment syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Oester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.10.006","article-title":"Ocular and periocular injuries associated with an isolated orbital fracture depending on a blunt cranial trauma: anatomical and surgical aspects","volume":"40","author":"Karabekir","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31819a3516","article-title":"Medial orbital wall fracture with associated medial rectus entrapment and retrobulbar hematoma","volume":"123","author":"Turko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181eea1e9","article-title":"Posttraumatic subperiosteal hematomas of the orbit in children","volume":"27","author":"Yazici","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(85)80049-5","article-title":"An analysis of 2,067 cases of zygomatico-orbital fracture","volume":"43","author":"Ellis","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198602000-00004","article-title":"Mechanisms of global support and posttraumatic enophthalmos: I. The anatomy of the ligament sling and its relation to intramuscular cone orbital fat","volume":"77","author":"Manson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2002.35722","article-title":"Evaluation of computer-based area and volume measurement from coronal computed tomography scans in isolated blowout fractures of the orbital floor","volume":"60","author":"Ploder","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib91","first-page":"56","article-title":"Orbital volumetric analysis: clinical application in orbitozygomatic complex injuries","volume":"2","author":"Dolynchuk","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198602000-00005","article-title":"Studies on enophthalmos: II. The measurement of orbital injuries and their treatment by quantitative computed tomography","volume":"77","author":"Manson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199801000-00006","article-title":"Prediction of late enophthalmos by volumetric analysis of orbital fractures","volume":"14","author":"Raskin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.03.008","article-title":"Does intraoperative\u00a0navigation restore orbital dimensions in traumatic and post-ablative defects?","volume":"40","author":"Markiewicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.12.043","article-title":"Reliability of intraoperative navigation in restoring normal orbital dimensions","volume":"69","author":"Markiewicz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.28284","article-title":"Traumatic hyphema: a comprehensive review","volume":"59","author":"Brandt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib97","first-page":"175","article-title":"Traumatic hyphema: a comprehensive review of the past half century yields 8076 cases for which specific medical treatment reduces rebleeding 62%, from 13% to 5% (P<.0001)","volume":"15","author":"Romano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Binocul Vis Strabismus Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-003-2129-8","article-title":"Augmentation of cheek bone contour using malar osteotomy","volume":"27","author":"Layoun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90621-3","article-title":"Six year's experience with the zygomatic \u201csandwich\u201d osteotomy for correction of malar deficiency","volume":"57","author":"Mommaerts","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31820e9263","article-title":"Alloplastic augmentation of the facial skeleton: an occasional adjunct or alternative to orthognathic surgery","volume":"127","author":"Yaremchuk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1220651","article-title":"Soft tissue augmentation with ArteFill","volume":"25","author":"Hilinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199409000-00005","article-title":"Temporal contour deformity after coronal flap elevation: an anatomical study","volume":"5","author":"Lacey","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318170724c","article-title":"Temporal hollowing following coronal incision: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Matic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181a2d745","article-title":"Temporal dissection technique that prevents temporal hollowing in coronal approach","volume":"20","author":"Baek","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318218fcab","article-title":"Temporal hollowing following surgical correction of unicoronal synostosis","volume":"128","author":"Steinbacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.125.9.980","article-title":"Malar augmentation: a 5-year retrospective review of the Silastic midfacial malar implant","volume":"125","author":"Metzinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820130502","article-title":"Characteristics of tissue growth into Proplast and porous polyethylene implants in bone","volume":"13","author":"Spector","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.01.016","article-title":"Porous polyethylene implant reconstruction of the orbit after resection of spheno-orbital meningiomas: a novel technique","volume":"40","author":"Chambless","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-011-9853-2","article-title":"Maxillofacial reconstruction using polyetheretherketone patient-specific implants by \u201cmirroring\u201d computational planning","volume":"36","author":"Scolozzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609500408","article-title":"Calvarial bone grafting of facial defects","volume":"95","author":"Maves","year":"1986","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181af21f9","article-title":"Staged reconstruction for adult complete Treacher Collins syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199307000-00002","article-title":"Surgical correction of the Treacher Collins malar deficiency: quantitative CT scan analysis of long-term results","volume":"92","author":"Posnick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181ec695e","article-title":"Associated balancing surgical treatments of hemifacial microsomia","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-1936.175251","article-title":"Zygomatic arch reconstruction with autogenous rib bone graft in a post irradiated patient \u2013 a case report","volume":"12","author":"Ladehinde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182589e12","article-title":"The evolution of critical concepts in aesthetic craniofacial microsurgical reconstruction","volume":"130","author":"Fisher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181fad2d3","article-title":"Reconstruction of high maxillectomy defects with the fibula osteomyocutaneous flap in combination with titanium mesh or a zygomatic implant","volume":"127","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2009.04.037","article-title":"Stereotactic navigation in oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"48","author":"Collyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.06.719","article-title":"Computer modeling and intraoperative navigation in maxillofacial surgery","volume":"137","author":"Pham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042369913000332?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042369913000332?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T11:48:00Z","timestamp":1688212080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1042369913000332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1042369913000332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coms.2013.02.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-3699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-3699","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}}}