{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:31:37Z","timestamp":1792477897321,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mdconsult.com","theclinics.com","oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T05:42:32Z","timestamp":1417671752000},"page":"125-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Aaron","family":"Liddell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2002.31846","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint \u201copen lock\u201d versus condylar dislocation: signs and symptoms, imaging, treatment, and pathogenesis","volume":"60","author":"Nitzan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2002.35749","article-title":"Superolateral dislocation of the mandibular condyle: Report of 2 cases and review of the literature","volume":"60","author":"Rattan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(82)90256-7","article-title":"Posterior dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the external Ear Canal","volume":"40","author":"Akers","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.06.088","article-title":"An unusual type of superolateral dislocation of mandibular condyle: discussion of the causative mechanisms and clinical characteristics","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.02.051","article-title":"Anterior dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle caused by fracture of the articular eminence: an unusual fracture of the temporomandibular joint apparatus","volume":"69","author":"Imai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(76)90308-X","article-title":"Inverted L-shaped ramus osteotomy for prolonged bilateral dislocation of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"41","author":"Adekeye","year":"1976","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib7","series-title":"Fractures of the facial skeleton","first-page":"23","author":"Rowe","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90502-4","article-title":"Bilateral dislocation of the temporomandibular joints in a 2-year-old child: report of a case","volume":"55","author":"Atherton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib9","series-title":"TMDs. An evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment","first-page":"219","author":"Laskin","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib10","series-title":"The temporomandibular joint","first-page":"3","article-title":"Evolution of the temporomandibular joint","author":"Du Brul","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib11","series-title":"Surgery of the temporomandibular joint","first-page":"135","article-title":"Mandibular dislocation","author":"Merrill","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-117X(64)80047-0","article-title":"Long-standing bilateral dislocation of the jaw","volume":"2","author":"Fordyce","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib13","first-page":"523","article-title":"Implant of articular eminence for recurrent dislocation of TMJ","volume":"36","author":"Howe","year":"1978","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31818937aa","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint dislocation reduction technique: a new external method vs. the traditional","volume":"63","author":"Ardehali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(87)80025-6","article-title":"A\u00a0new approach to the reduction of acute dislocation of the temporomandibular joint: a report of three cases","volume":"25","author":"Awang","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2009.01.001","article-title":"The use of autologous blood and adjunctive \u2018face lift\u2019 bandage in the management of recurrent TMJ dislocation","volume":"47","author":"Pinto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib17","first-page":"97","article-title":"Autologous blood injection for recurrent hypermobility of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"15","author":"Brachmann","year":"1964","journal-title":"Dtsch Zahnarztl Z"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.08.044","article-title":"Autologous blood injection for the treatment of chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation","volume":"67","author":"Machon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.08.002","article-title":"Autologous blood injection as a new treatment modality for chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation","volume":"109","author":"Daif","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib20","first-page":"237","article-title":"Autologous blood injection into the articular cavity for the treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation: a case report","volume":"49","author":"Kato","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.04.010","article-title":"Treatment of chronic recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint with injection of autologous blood alone, intermaxillary fixation alone, or both together: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Hegab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib22","first-page":"94","article-title":"Evaluation of periarticular autotransfusion for therapy of recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"23","author":"Schulz","year":"1973","journal-title":"Dtsch Stomatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2006.09.002","article-title":"OK-432 (Picibanil) sclerotherapy for recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint in elderly edentulous patients: case reports","volume":"45","author":"Matsushita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2009.07.014","article-title":"Long term efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of habitual dislocation of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"48","author":"Fu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2004.01.010","article-title":"Reduction of a chronic bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation with intermaxillary fixation and botulinum toxin A","volume":"42","author":"Aquilina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4809523","article-title":"Medical treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation using botulinum toxin A","volume":"183","author":"Moore","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.04.014","article-title":"Recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation treated with botulinum toxin: report of 3 cases","volume":"62","author":"Martinez-Perez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-002-0187-y","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation with intramuscular botulinum toxin injection","volume":"7","author":"Zigeler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.08.018","article-title":"Modified dextrose prolotherapy for recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.128","article-title":"The efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy for temporomandibular joint hypermobility: a preliminary prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"69","author":"Refai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1937.02780390034012","article-title":"A\u00a0treatment of subluxation of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"109","author":"Schultz","year":"1937","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib32","first-page":"49","article-title":"Dextrose prolotherapy and pain of chronic TMJ dysfunction","author":"Hauser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Practical Pain Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199302000-00005","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized double blind trial of dextrose-glycerine-phenol injections for chronic lower back pain","volume":"6","author":"Klein","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(88)90409-0","article-title":"Intraoral myotomy of the lateral pterygoid muscle for treatment of recurrent dislocation of the mandibular condyle","volume":"46","author":"Sindet-Pedersen","year":"1968","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.03.008","article-title":"Arthroscopic electrothermal capsulorrhaphy for the treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation","volume":"41","author":"Torres","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.06.030","article-title":"Preliminary Clinical Experience and Outcome of the TMJ Arthroscopic Chemical Contracture Procedure in TMJ dislocation patients","volume":"72","author":"McCain","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/00016355109012789","article-title":"A\u00a0new method of operation for habitual dislocation of the mandible; review of former methods of treatment","volume":"9","author":"Myrhaug","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-117X(79)80036-0","article-title":"A\u00a0modified pre-auricular approach to the temporomandibular joint and malar arch","volume":"17","author":"Al-Kayat","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.2000.0467","article-title":"True eminectomy for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"38","author":"Williamson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib40","first-page":"889","article-title":"Recurrent dislocation of the Jaw","volume":"15","author":"Mayer","year":"1933","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib41","first-page":"457","article-title":"Un nouveau proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de dut\u00e9e dans le traitement chirurgical de la luxation recidivante de la machoire inferieur","volume":"69","author":"Leclerc","year":"1943","journal-title":"Mem Acad Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80634-4","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent mandibular dislocation, Part 1; LeClerc blocking procedure","volume":"26","author":"Undt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib43","first-page":"261","article-title":"Osteoplastic bearing for treatment of temporomandibular luxation. Transaction of Second Congress of the International Association of Oral Surgeons, Copenhagen, Munksgaard","volume":"IV","author":"Gosserez","year":"1967","journal-title":"Int J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.10.015","article-title":"Dautrey\u2019s procedure in treatment of recurrent dislocation of the mandible","volume":"68","author":"Gadre","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-117X(82)90002-6","article-title":"Recurrent dislocation of the mandible: treatment of ten cases by the Dautrey procedure","volume":"20","author":"Lawler","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.1999.0271","article-title":"Correction of recurrent dislocation of the mandible in elderly patients by the Dautrey procedure","volume":"38","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(88)80024-9","article-title":"Chronic recurrent anterior luxation of the mandible","volume":"17","author":"Izuka","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90119-1","article-title":"Surgical treatment of recurrent mandibular dislocation by augmentation of the articular eminence with cranial bone","volume":"55","author":"Fernandez-Sanroman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.08.004","article-title":"Glenotemporal osteotomy and bone grafting in the management of chronic recurrent dislocation and hypermobility of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"46","author":"Medra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(96)80053-9","article-title":"Glenotemporal osteotomy as a definitive treatment for recurrent dislocation of the jaw","volume":"24","author":"Costas Lopez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(91)90090-R","article-title":"Idiopathic blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia syndrome (Meige\u2019s syndrome) presenting as chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation","volume":"29","author":"Gray","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.04.113","article-title":"Treatment of chronic mandibular dislocations: a comparison between eminectomy and miniplates","volume":"67","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(03)90392-4","article-title":"Long-term results following miniplate eminoplasty for the treatment of recurrent dislocation and habitual luxation of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"32","author":"Kuttenberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(05)80109-X","article-title":"Miniplate eminoplasty. A new surgical treatment for TMJ dislocation","volume":"21","author":"Puelacher","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2001.118283","article-title":"Mitek anchors for treatment of chronic mandibular dislocation","volume":"92","author":"Wolford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.06.461","article-title":"Concomitant treatment of mandibular ameloblastoma and bilateral tempomandibular joint osteoarthritis with bone graft and total joint prostheses","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042369914000983?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042369914000983?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T10:55:49Z","timestamp":1598525749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1042369914000983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1042369914000983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-3699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-3699","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coms.2014.09.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}