{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:50:37Z","timestamp":1790430637054,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T19:00:54Z","timestamp":1369854054000},"page":"767-773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["The autoimmune basis of narcolepsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Josh","family":"Mahlios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto K","family":"De la Herr\u00e1n-Arita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Mignot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285612454692","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of central hypersomnias","volume":"5","author":"Sonka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12305","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2630-12.2012","article-title":"Narcolepsy: neural mechanisms of sleepiness and cataplexy","volume":"32","author":"Burgess","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0150-9","article-title":"A practical guide to the therapy of narcolepsy and hypersomnia syndromes","volume":"9","author":"Mignot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-011-0246-3","article-title":"Narcolepsy in the pediatric population","volume":"12","author":"Viorritto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6702-4","article-title":"Narcolepsy: clinical differences and association with other sleep disorders in different age groups","volume":"260","author":"Nevsimalova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80949-6","article-title":"Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior","volume":"92","author":"Sakurai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.322","article-title":"The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity","volume":"95","author":"de Lecea","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-010-0101-y","article-title":"Hypocretins in the control of sleep and wakefulness","volume":"10","author":"Bonnavion","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.207654.112","article-title":"Translational profiling of hypocretin neurons identifies candidate molecules for sleep regulation","volume":"27","author":"Dalal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81965-0","article-title":"The sleep disorder canine narcolepsy is caused by a mutation in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 gene","volume":"98","author":"Lin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81973-X","article-title":"Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice: molecular genetics of sleep regulation","volume":"98","author":"Chemelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05582-8","article-title":"Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy","volume":"355","author":"Nishino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.10.1553","article-title":"The role of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement in the diagnosis of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias","volume":"59","author":"Mignot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/79690","article-title":"A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains","volume":"6","author":"Peyron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00058-1","article-title":"Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy","volume":"27","author":"Thannickal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2320","article-title":"Hypocretin deficiency develops during onset of human narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"36","author":"Savvidou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2080","article-title":"Predictors of hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in narcolepsy without cataplexy","volume":"35","author":"Andlauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.09.003","article-title":"Narcolepsy with hypocretin\/orexin deficiency, infections and autoimmunity of the brain","volume":"21","author":"Kornum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq086","article-title":"Narcolepsy: autoimmunity, effector T cell activation due to infection, or T cell independent, major histocompatibility complex class II induced neuronal loss?","volume":"133","author":"Fontana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500050277","article-title":"Infection, vaccines and other environmental triggers of autoimmunity","volume":"38","author":"Molina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0709517","article-title":"Infections and autoimmunity: the multifaceted relationship","volume":"87","author":"Sfriso","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2009.00756.x","article-title":"Medical exposures in youth and the frequency of narcolepsy with cataplexy: a population-based case\u2013control study in genetically predisposed people","volume":"19","author":"Koepsell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.8.979","article-title":"Elevated anti-streptococcal antibodies in patients with recent narcolepsy onset","volume":"32","author":"Aran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22587","article-title":"Narcolepsy onset is seasonal and increased following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in China","volume":"70","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000073938.19076.31","article-title":"Post-streptococcal autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system","volume":"16","author":"Snider","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23799","article-title":"Decreased incidence of childhood narcolepsy 2 years after the 2009 H1N1 winter flu pandemic","volume":"73","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.12.015","article-title":"The incidence of narcolepsy in Europe: before, during, and after the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and vaccination campaigns","volume":"31","author":"Wijnans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033536","article-title":"AS03 adjuvanted AH1N1 vaccine associated with an abrupt increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy in Finland","volume":"7","author":"Nohynek","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33723","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033723","article-title":"Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland","volume":"7","author":"Partinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.12.014","article-title":"Narcolepsy as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis and presentation","volume":"31","author":"Poli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-5428(94)00043-N","article-title":"Narcolepsy and immunity","volume":"5","author":"Mignot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830500381492","article-title":"Narcolepsy: a review of evidence for autoimmune diathesis","volume":"17","author":"Black","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.07.010","article-title":"Narcolepsy: immunological aspects","volume":"12","author":"Overeem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1489","article-title":"Gene map of the extended human MHC","volume":"5","author":"Horton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.6.1550","article-title":"HLA DR15 (DR2) and DQB1*0602 typing studies in 188 narcoleptic patients with cataplexy","volume":"48","author":"Rogers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0180","first-page":"1012","article-title":"HLA DQB1*0602 is associated with cataplexy in 509 narcoleptic patients","volume":"20","author":"Mignot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2012.01948.x","article-title":"HLA-DQ association and allele competition in Chinese narcolepsy","volume":"80","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.22.6.429","article-title":"Histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens, lymphocytotoxic antibodies and tissue antibodies in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"22","author":"Singal","year":"1973","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a018034","article-title":"HLA-DQ locus of the human leukocyte antigen complex and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a HuGE review","volume":"22","author":"Dorman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(98)00101-3","article-title":"HLA-DQ-associated predisposition to and dominant HLA-DR-associated protection against rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"60","author":"van der Horst-Bruinsma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364045","article-title":"A review of the MHC genetics of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Newton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm165","article-title":"A novel and major association of HLA-C in Graves\u2019 disease that eclipses the classical HLA-DRB1 effect","volume":"16","author":"Simmonds","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.372","article-title":"Narcolepsy is strongly associated with the T-cell receptor alpha locus","volume":"41","author":"Hallmayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3727\/105221612X13372578119652","article-title":"Genome-wide gene expression profiling of human narcolepsy","volume":"15","author":"Bernardini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene Expr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.06.020","article-title":"TCRA, P2RY11, and CPT1B\/CHKB associations in Chinese narcolepsy","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.1.121","article-title":"T cell receptor gene recombination patterns and mechanisms: cell death, rescue, and T cell production","volume":"182","author":"Petrie","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003270","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003270","article-title":"ImmunoChip study implicates antigen presentation to T cells in narcolepsy","volume":"9","author":"Faraco","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds035","article-title":"Mutations in DNMT1 cause autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness and narcolepsy","volume":"21","author":"Winkelmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6648","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803320","article-title":"Cutting edge: TCR stimulation is sufficient for induction of Foxp3 expression in the absence of DNA methyltransferase 1","volume":"182","author":"Josefowicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.734","article-title":"Common variants in P2RY11 are associated with narcolepsy","volume":"43","author":"Kornum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9555","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009555","article-title":"IgG abnormality in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia","volume":"5","author":"Tanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13320","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013320","article-title":"Increased immune complexes of hypocretin autoantibodies in narcolepsy","volume":"5","author":"Deloumeau","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_sbref0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41366","article-title":"Elevated tribbles homolog 2-specific antibody levels in narcolepsy patients","volume":"120","author":"Cvetkovic-Lopes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.7.875","article-title":"Anti-tribbles homolog 2 autoantibodies in Japanese patients with narcolepsy","volume":"33","author":"Toyoda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.7.869","article-title":"Anti-tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) autoantibodies in narcolepsy are associated with recent onset of cataplexy","volume":"33","author":"Kawashima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.7.857","article-title":"The trouble with tribbles: do antibodies against TRIB2 cause narcolepsy?","volume":"33","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959438813001025?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959438813001025?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T12:37:22Z","timestamp":1760704642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959438813001025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0959438813001025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726195815.793515276","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0959-4388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-4388","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The autoimmune basis of narcolepsy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}