{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:28:49Z","timestamp":1787740129728,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015595","name":"GHR Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007625","name":"Cure Alzheimer&apos;s Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS090934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS090934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006610","name":"Michigan Department of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG085374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG085374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AG069701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AG069701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T10:19:09Z","timestamp":1765880349000},"page":"103149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Context matters: Conflicting roles of interferon-\u03b3 signaling in CNS diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Nulman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3400-0856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Holtzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3681.310","article-title":"Interferon-like virus-inhibitor induced in human leukocytes by phytohemagglutinin","volume":"149","author":"Wheelock","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.111.6.1914","article-title":"Production and properties of migration inhibitory factor and interferon in the circulation of mice with delayed hypersensitivity","volume":"111","author":"Youngner","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/295503a0","article-title":"Expression of human immune interferon cDNA in E. coli and monkey cells","volume":"295","author":"Gray","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/292842a0","article-title":"Immune (gamma) interferon produced by a human T-lymphoblast cell line","volume":"292","author":"Nathan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1902591","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of recombinant human interferon-gamma","volume":"252","author":"Ealick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90354-9","article-title":"Identification and sequence of an accessory factor required for activation of the human interferon gamma receptor","volume":"76","author":"Soh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90355-7","article-title":"A novel member of the interferon receptor family complements functionality of the murine interferon gamma receptor in human cells","volume":"76","author":"Hemmi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.6.3214","article-title":"Ligand-induced assembly and activation of the gamma interferon receptor in intact cells","volume":"16","author":"Bach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/366580a0","article-title":"Polypeptide signalling to the nucleus through tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak and Stat proteins","volume":"366","author":"Shuai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib10","article-title":"Interferon stimulated binding of ISRE is cell type specific and is predicted by homeostatic chromatin state","volume":"3","author":"Leviyang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine: X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.02.004","article-title":"Interferon-gamma: a historical perspective","volume":"20","author":"Billiau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl2016","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 and infectious diseases: lessons and prospects","volume":"384","author":"Casanova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.044","article-title":"Interferons in health and disease","volume":"188","author":"Boehmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_sref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.04.008","article-title":"Conserved and cell type-specific transcriptional responses to IFN-\u03b3 in the ventral midbrain","volume":"111","author":"Hobson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib16","first-page":"58","article-title":"Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye","volume":"29","author":"Medawar","year":"1948","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adu2910","article-title":"The meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Marin-Rodero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18626","article-title":"Unexpected role of interferon-\u03b3 in regulating neuronal connectivity and social behaviour","volume":"535","author":"Filiano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010234","article-title":"Pathogens infecting the central nervous system","volume":"18","author":"Le Govic","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.10.007","article-title":"Interferon \u03b3: a master cytokine in microglia-mediated neural network dysfunction and neurodegeneration","volume":"45","author":"Kann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_sref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03422-6","article-title":"Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4+ T-cells and IFN-\u03b3","volume":"22","author":"Krstanovi\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02381-08","article-title":"Noncytolytic clearance of sindbis virus infection from neurons by gamma interferon is dependent on Jak\/STAT signaling","volume":"83","author":"Burdeinick-Kerr","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00518-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection and its implications within the central nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Matta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0666","article-title":"CD11c- and CD11b-expressing mouse leukocytes transport single Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites to the brain","volume":"107","author":"Courret","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02838-22","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii dissemination in the brain is facilitated by infiltrating peripheral immune cells","volume":"13","author":"Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110564","article-title":"Type 1 innate lymphoid cells regulate the onset of Toxoplasma gondii-induced neuroinflammation","volume":"38","author":"Steffen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010637","article-title":"Microglial STAT1-sufficiency is required for resistance to toxoplasmic encephalitis","volume":"18","author":"Cowan","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01881-16","article-title":"STAT1 signaling in astrocytes is essential for control of infection in the central nervous system","volume":"7","author":"Hidano","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.6.2045","article-title":"Importance of endogenous IFN-gamma for prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis in mice","volume":"143","author":"Suzuki","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1089\/107999001753238006","article-title":"Effect of administration of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the genes for IFN-gamma and interleukin-12 on acute murine toxoplasmosis","volume":"21","author":"Mack","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res: Off J Intern Soc Interferon and Cytokine Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084095","article-title":"STAT1 and its crucial role in the control of viral infections","volume":"23","author":"Tolomeo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01675-19","article-title":"Gamma interferon alters junctional integrity via Rho kinase, resulting in blood-brain barrier leakage in experimental viral encephalitis","volume":"10","author":"Bonney","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.052","article-title":"Selective inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complexes controls the transition of microglia into a neurotoxic phenotype in situ","volume":"88","author":"Chausse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.049","article-title":"Neurons under T cell attack coordinate phagocyte-mediated synaptic stripping","volume":"175","author":"Di Liberto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20122143","article-title":"Neuroprotective intervention by interferon-\u03b3 blockade prevents CD8+ T cell-mediated dendrite and synapse loss","volume":"210","author":"Kreutzfeldt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(91)90022-Y","article-title":"T cell immunity and interferon-gamma secretion during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats","volume":"31","author":"Mustafa","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02021-x","article-title":"Functional characteristics of Th1, Th17, and ex-Th17 cells in EAE revealed by intravital two-photon microscopy","volume":"17","author":"Loos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.7.1097","article-title":"Treatment of multiple sclerosis with gamma interferon: exacerbations associated with activation of the immune system","volume":"37","author":"Panitch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib39","first-page":"277","article-title":"Randomized study of antibodies to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Skurkovich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mult Scler (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.1.5","article-title":"Mice with a disrupted IFN-gamma gene are susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)","volume":"156","author":"Ferber","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260735","article-title":"Interferon-gamma confers resistance to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"26","author":"Krakowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01861-x","article-title":"The impact of regional astrocyte interferon-\u03b3 signaling during chronic autoimmunity: a novel role for the immunoproteasome","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_sref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02917-4","article-title":"Astrocyte interferon-gamma signaling dampens inflammation during chronic central nervous system autoimmunity via PD-L1","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.04.023","article-title":"Differential expression of interferon-gamma receptor on human glial cells in vivo and in vitro","volume":"225","author":"Hashioka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib45","article-title":"Elevated levels of IFN-\u03b3 in CSF and serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09588-6","article-title":"Autoimmune response to C9orf72 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","author":"Michaelis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.06.004","article-title":"Blocking immune cell infiltration of the central nervous system to tame Neuroinflammation in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"105","author":"Garofalo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00295-x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal involvement in Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"8","author":"Warnecke","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0605","article-title":"Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and incidence of parkinson disease among patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"75","author":"Peter","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.09.007","article-title":"Colonic inflammation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"50","author":"Devos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22815","article-title":"T cells from patients with Parkinson's disease recognize \u03b1-synuclein peptides","volume":"546","author":"Sulzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_sref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.07.015","article-title":"Interaction of an \u03b1-synuclein epitope with HLA-DRB1\u221715:01 triggers enteric features in mice reminiscent of prodromal Parkinson's disease","volume":"111","author":"Garretti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.12.003","article-title":"P53 protein, interferon-gamma, and NF-kappaB levels are elevated in the parkinsonian brain","volume":"414","author":"Mogi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.001","article-title":"Alzheimer disease: an update on pathobiology and treatment strategies","volume":"179","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5333","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903382","article-title":"IFN-gamma promotes complement expression and attenuates amyloid plaque deposition in amyloid beta precursor protein transgenic mice","volume":"184","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore, Md.: 1950"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_sref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01355-y","article-title":"Identification of a protective microglial state mediated by miR-155 and interferon-\u03b3 signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"26","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2829","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 induces progressive nigrostriatal degeneration and basal ganglia calcification","volume":"14","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_sref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05788-0","article-title":"Microglia-mediated T cell infiltration drives neurodegeneration in tauopathy","volume":"615","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww270","article-title":"Hippocampal T cell infiltration promotes neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in a mouse model of tauopathy","volume":"140","author":"Laurent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain: J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000486200","article-title":"Extravascular CD3+ T cells in brains of Alzheimer disease patients correlate with Tau but not with amyloid pathology: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"18","author":"Merlini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","article-title":"Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"577","author":"Gate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090059","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 differentially affects Alzheimer's disease pathologies and induces neurogenesis in triple transgenic-AD mice","volume":"175","author":"Mastrangelo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib63","first-page":"4384","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 promotes \u03c4 phosphorylation without affecting mature tangles","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB (Fed Am Soc Exp Biol) J: Off Pub Feder Am Soc Experiment Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54716","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403364200","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta induces caspase-cleaved tau aggregation in situ","volume":"279","author":"Cho","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01415-3","article-title":"Infiltrating CD8+ T cells exacerbate Alzheimer's disease pathology in a 3D human neuroimmune axis model","volume":"26","author":"Jorfi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01066","article-title":"The choroid plexus functions as a niche for T-Cell stimulation within the central nervous system","volume":"9","author":"Strominger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt259","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3-dependent activation of the brain's choroid plexus for CNS immune surveillance and repair","volume":"136","author":"Kunis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain: J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01420-5","article-title":"IFN\u03b3 binding to extracellular matrix prevents fatal systemic toxicity","volume":"24","author":"Kemna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149_sref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.032","article-title":"Time-resolved single-cell transcriptomics defines immune trajectories in glioblastoma","volume":"187","author":"Kirschenbaum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959438825001801?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959438825001801?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:16:48Z","timestamp":1777598208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959438825001801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0959438825001801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-4388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-4388","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Context matters: Conflicting roles of interferon-\u03b3 signaling in CNS diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103149","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103149"}}