{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:06:37Z","timestamp":1784696797467,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:38:32Z","timestamp":1779449912000},"page":"103222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cochlear enlightenment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9759-5375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip X.","family":"Joris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382104","article-title":"Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system","volume":"64","author":"Kemp","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3966153","article-title":"Evoked mechanical responses of isolated cochlear outer hair cells","volume":"227","author":"Brownell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013634","article-title":"An electrical tuning mechanism in turtle cochlear hair cells","volume":"312","author":"Crawford","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912485","article-title":"Observations of the vibration of the basilar membrane in squirrel monkeys using the mossbauer technique","volume":"4","author":"Rhode","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(83)90136-3","article-title":"An active process in cochlear mechanics","volume":"9","author":"Davis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/35012009","article-title":"Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells","volume":"405","author":"Zheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2017.tb00783.x","article-title":"Hair cell transduction, tuning, and synaptic transmission in the Mammalian cochlea","volume":"7","author":"Fettiplace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2358702","article-title":"Doppler optical coherence microscopy for studies of cochlear mechanics","volume":"11","author":"Hong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.06.006","article-title":"Low coherence interferometry of the cochlear partition","volume":"220","author":"Choudhury","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04234-7","article-title":"Organ of Corti vibrations are dominated by longitudinal motion in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Meenderink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.000230","article-title":"In vivo vibrometry inside the apex of the mouse cochlea using spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"4","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express, BOE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2024.109154","article-title":"Visualizing motions within the cochlea's organ of Corti and illuminating cochlear mechanics with optical coherence tomography","volume":"455","author":"Olson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2827","article-title":"A differentially amplified motion in the ear for near-threshold sound detection","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9910","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607428113","article-title":"Reticular lamina and basilar membrane vibrations in living mouse cochleae","volume":"113","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_sref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05483-z","article-title":"Vibration hotspots reveal longitudinal funneling of sound-evoked motion in the mammalian cochlea","volume":"9","author":"Cooper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2020.10.005","article-title":"Manipulation of the endocochlear potential reveals two distinct types of cochlear nonlinearity","volume":"119","author":"Strimbu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103148","article-title":"Bridging the gap between physics and biology of hearing: timing and amplification","volume":"96","author":"Petit","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2010.05.001","article-title":"The remarkable cochlear amplifier","volume":"266","author":"Ashmore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47667","article-title":"The frequency limit of outer hair cell motility measured in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Vavakou","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025206118","article-title":"Cochlear outer hair cell electromotility enhances organ of Corti motion on a cycle-by-cycle basis at high frequencies in vivo","volume":"118","author":"Dewey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.032675099","article-title":"Revised estimates of human cochlear tuning from otoacoustic and behavioral measurements","volume":"99","author":"Shera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-002-3058-y","article-title":"Estimates of human cochlear tuning at low levels using forward and simultaneous masking","volume":"4","author":"Oxenham","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1810766115","article-title":"Mammalian behavior and physiology converge to confirm sharper cochlear tuning in humans","volume":"115","author":"Sumner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105867108","article-title":"Frequency selectivity in old-world monkeys corroborates sharp cochlear tuning in humans","volume":"108","author":"Joris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2024.108964","article-title":"Frequency selectivity in monkey auditory nerve studied with suprathreshold multicomponent stimuli","volume":"443","author":"Joris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2005164","article-title":"High-resolution frequency tuning but not temporal coding in the human cochlea","volume":"16","author":"Verschooten","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509323102","article-title":"Unexceptional sharpness of frequency tuning in the human cochlea","volume":"102","author":"Ruggero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.04.004","article-title":"Frequency selectivity of the human cochlea: suppression tuning of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions","volume":"336","author":"Manley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-013-0397-9","article-title":"On the controversy about the sharpness of human cochlear tuning","volume":"14","author":"Lopez-Poveda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1468878","article-title":"Responses to cochlear normalized speech stimuli in the auditory nerve of cat","volume":"111","author":"Recio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib31","series-title":"Pitch","first-page":"99","article-title":"The neurophysiology of pitch","author":"Winter","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01361.2007","article-title":"Pitch representations in the auditory nerve: two concurrent complex tones","volume":"100","author":"Larsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_sref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111649","article-title":"Developmental spontaneous activity promotes formation of sensory domains, frequency tuning and proper gain in central auditory circuits","volume":"41","author":"Kersbergen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.09.006","article-title":"Hair cell afferent synapses","volume":"18","author":"Glowatzki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.74948","article-title":"Intrinsic mechanical sensitivity of mammalian auditory neurons as a contributor to sound-driven neural activity","volume":"11","author":"Perez-Flores","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_sref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14723","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515228112","article-title":"Unmyelinated type II afferent neurons report cochlear damage","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0383-21.2021","article-title":"Prior acoustic trauma alters type II afferent activity in the mouse Cochlea","volume":"8","author":"Nowak","year":"2021","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00331","article-title":"Assessment of ipsilateral efferent effects in human via ECochG","volume":"11","author":"Verschooten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2017.12.012","article-title":"Olivocochlear efferents: their action, effects, measurement and uses, and the impact of the new conception of cochlear mechanical responses","volume":"362","author":"Guinan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66396","article-title":"Distinct forms of synaptic plasticity during ascending vs descending control of medial olivocochlear efferent neurons","volume":"10","author":"Romero","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_sref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209565119","article-title":"Electrical signaling in cochlear efferents is driven by an intrinsic neuronal oscillator","volume":"119","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2404558122","article-title":"Lateral olivocochlear neurons modulate cochlear responses to noise exposure","volume":"122","author":"Sitko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52419","article-title":"Sound exposure dynamically induces dopamine synthesis in cholinergic LOC efferents for feedback to auditory nerve fibers","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4985-05.2006","article-title":"Acceleration of age-related hearing loss by early noise exposure: evidence of a misspent youth","volume":"26","author":"Kujawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11310.1","article-title":"Noise-induced and age-related hearing loss: new perspectives and potential therapies","volume":"6","author":"Liberman","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309135819","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the glutamatergic synapses in the cochlea","volume":"113","author":"Pujol","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2018.03.008","article-title":"Impaired speech perception in noise with a normal audiogram: no evidence for cochlear synaptopathy and no relation to lifetime noise exposure","volume":"364","author":"Guest","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_sref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2019.02.016","article-title":"The search for noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in humans: mission impossible?","volume":"377","author":"Bramhall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51724-6","article-title":"Protection from noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy by virally mediated overexpression of NT3","volume":"9","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.362","article-title":"Hearing loss and incident dementia","volume":"68","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2017.2513","article-title":"Association of age-related hearing loss with cognitive function, cognitive impairment, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Loughrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222_bib52","series-title":"The cochlea","first-page":"44","article-title":"Structure of the Mammalian cochlea","author":"Slepecky","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959438826000589?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959438826000589?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:44:34Z","timestamp":1784695474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959438826000589"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0959438826000589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-4388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-4388","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cochlear enlightenment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103222","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103222"}}