{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:11:58Z","timestamp":1788570718762,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,8,3]],"date-time":"2027-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1817251200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":306,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004434","name":"University of Florence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY001319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY001319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R 01EY029788-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R 01EY029788-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T21:17:52Z","timestamp":1785791872000},"page":"103247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Speed of visual processing across the visual field"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9913-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Poletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.27.001069","article-title":"Amplitude and phase characteristics of the steady-state visual evoked potential","volume":"27","author":"Strasburger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00762.2006","article-title":"Contrast affects speed tuning, space-time slant, and receptive-field organization of simple cells in macaque V1","volume":"97","author":"Livingstone","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-016-0530-2","article-title":"Effects of stimulus size and contrast on the initial primary visual cortical response in humans","volume":"30","author":"Gebodh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.1.000620","article-title":"Discrimination of time: comparison of foveal and peripheral sensitivity","volume":"1","author":"McKee","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903000103","article-title":"Topography of ganglion cells in human retina","volume":"300","author":"Curcio","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00319-8","article-title":"Uneven mapping of magnocellular and parvocellular projections from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the striate cortex in the macaque monkey","volume":"39","author":"Azzopardi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01885636","article-title":"Spatial mapping in the primate sensory projection: analytic structure and relevance to perception","volume":"25","author":"Schwartz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-11-03416.1987","article-title":"Psychophysical evidence for separate channels for the perception of form, color, movement, and depth","volume":"7","author":"Livingstone","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(93)90052-X","article-title":"Parasol (p\u03b1) ganglion-cells of the primate fovea: immunocytochemical staining with antibodies against GABAA-receptors","volume":"33","author":"Gr\u00fcnert","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib10","first-page":"12","article-title":"Physiology, morphology and spatial densities of identified ganglion cell types in primate retina","volume":"184","author":"Dacey","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.1.000107","article-title":"Retinal inhomogeneity. I. Spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity","volume":"1","author":"Kelly","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.23.8.6","article-title":"The bouma law accounts for crowding in 50 observers","volume":"23","author":"Kurzawski","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.4.001612","article-title":"Analysis of visual modulation sensitivity. III. Meridional variations in peripheral flicker sensitivity","volume":"4","author":"Tyler","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/11.5.13","article-title":"Peripheral vision and pattern recognition: a review","volume":"11","author":"Strasburger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.6.3272","article-title":"Signal timing across the macaque visual system","volume":"79","author":"Schmolesky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.005","article-title":"Cellular and circuit mechanisms shaping the perceptual properties of the primate fovea","volume":"168","author":"Sinha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_sref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-02011-3","article-title":"Synchronization of visual perception within the human fovea","volume":"28","author":"Bucci","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2004-1525","article-title":"Visual perception in space and time\u2013mapping the visual field of temporal resolution","volume":"64","author":"Poggel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-012-0278-z","article-title":"The t\u00f6lz temporal topography study: mapping the visual field across the life span. Part i: the topography of light detection and temporal-information processing","volume":"74","author":"Poggel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atten Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_sref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0078-25.2025","article-title":"The speed of visual discrimination differs between foveola and perifovea: a combined EEG and behavioral investigation","volume":"12","author":"Benedetto","year":"2025","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00414-5","article-title":"Modulation sensitivity of ganglion cells in peripheral retina of macaque","volume":"42","author":"Solomon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.2.000393","article-title":"Analysis of visual modulation sensitivity. II. Peripheral retina and the role of photoreceptor dimensions","volume":"2","author":"Tyler","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_sref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53061-3","article-title":"Regional tuning of photoreceptor adaptation in the primate retina","volume":"15","author":"Saha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10010","article-title":"Cortical sources of the early components of the visual evoked potential","volume":"15","author":"Di Russo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(78)90214-6","article-title":"VEP latency and RT as power functions of luminance in the peripheral visual field","volume":"44","author":"Osaka","year":"1978","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00102-2","article-title":"Cortical magnification neutralizes the eccentricity effect in visual search","volume":"37","author":"Carrasco","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.03.015","article-title":"Size matters: effects of stimulus size, duration and eccentricity on the visual gamma-band response","volume":"115","author":"Busch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.07.070","article-title":"Dissociation of summation and peak latencies in visual processing: an MEG study on stimulus eccentricity","volume":"483","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00088-8","article-title":"Reaction time in automated kinetic perimetry: effects of stimulus luminance, eccentricity, and movement direction","volume":"41","author":"Schiefer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237163","article-title":"Human cortical magnification factor and its relation to visual acuity","volume":"21","author":"Cowey","year":"1974","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-05-01531.1988","article-title":"Functional anatomy of macaque striate cortex. II. Retinotopic organization","volume":"8","author":"Tootell","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/361719a0","article-title":"Preferential representation of the fovea in the primary visual cortex","volume":"361","author":"Azzopardi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(90)90166-I","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell density and cortical magnification factor in the primate","volume":"30","author":"W\u00e4ssle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00290-X","article-title":"Resolution, separation of retinal ganglion cells, and cortical magnification in humans","volume":"41","author":"Popovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009771","article-title":"Asymmetries around the visual field: from retina to cortex to behavior","volume":"18","author":"Kupers","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-09-03771.2003","article-title":"A precise retinotopic map of primate striate cortex generated from the representation of angioscotomas","volume":"23","author":"Adams","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2021.107972","article-title":"On the cortical mapping function\u2013visual space, cortical space, and crowding","volume":"194","author":"Strasburger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236819","article-title":"An estimation and application of the human cortical magnification factor","volume":"37","author":"Rovamo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.4.001579","article-title":"Estimation of local spatial scale","volume":"4","author":"Watson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.07.002","article-title":"Effect of stimulus localisation on motion-onset VEP","volume":"44","author":"Kreml\u00e1\u010dek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00415-7","article-title":"Central versus peripheral visual field stimulation results in timing differences in dorsal stream sources as measured with MEG","volume":"42","author":"Stephen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/14.14.13","article-title":"Visual field asymmetries in visual evoked responses","volume":"14","author":"Hagler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.09.049","article-title":"Eccentricity-dependent temporal contrast tuning in human visual cortex measured with fMRI","volume":"184","author":"Himmelberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72432-6","article-title":"Accuracy and precision of small saccades","volume":"10","author":"Poletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1079","article-title":"Speed of visual processing increases with eccentricity","volume":"6","author":"Carrasco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.12.015","article-title":"Attention speeds processing across eccentricity: feature and conjunction searches","volume":"46","author":"Carrasco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.08.096","article-title":"Events are perceived earlier in peripheral vision","volume":"30","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2014.05.007","article-title":"Perceived duration decreases with increasing eccentricity","volume":"150","author":"Kliegl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1163\/22134468-bja10106","article-title":"Reversed effect of eccentricity: perceived duration of peripherally presented stimuli depends on time span","volume":"13","author":"Krug","year":"2024","journal-title":"Timing & Time Percept"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_sref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-023-02822-1","article-title":"Duration perception in peripheral vision: underestimation increases with greater stimuli eccentricity","volume":"86","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atten Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1874","article-title":"Neural mechanisms for timing visual events are spatially selective in real-world coordinates","volume":"10","author":"Burr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15877","article-title":"The effect of eccentricity on visual motion prediction in peripheral vision","volume":"11","author":"Hirano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiological Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_sref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112223","article-title":"Testing the top-down feedback in the central visual field using the reversed depth illusion","volume":"28","author":"Zhaoping","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103211","article-title":"Vision as looking and seeing through a bottleneck","volume":"98","author":"Zhaoping","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959438826000838?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959438826000838?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:17:29Z","timestamp":1788567449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959438826000838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0959438826000838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-4388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-4388","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Speed of visual processing across the visual field","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2026.103247","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103247"}}