{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:46:01Z","timestamp":1790142361282,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Consciousness and Cognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T19:20:59Z","timestamp":1314818459000},"page":"1586-1593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["The varieties of inner speech: Links between quality of inner speech and psychopathological variables in a sample of young adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"McCarthy-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Fernyhough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(85)90151-5","article-title":"Reliability of a scale measuring dispositions towards hallucinations: A brief report","volume":"6","author":"Bentall","year":"1985","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327906Mb340203","article-title":"Structural equation modeling with small samples: Test statistics","volume":"34","author":"Bentler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/0144341960160105","article-title":"Childrens\u2019 self-talk and significant others\u2019 positive and negative statements","volume":"16","author":"Burnett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198709000-00004","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the experience sampling method","volume":"175","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087081","article-title":"Incidence and functions of self-reported private speech in young adults: A self-verbalization questionnaire","volume":"31","author":"Duncan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-118X(95)00024-B","article-title":"The dialogic mind: A dialogic approach to the higher mental functions","volume":"14","author":"Fernyhough","year":"1996","journal-title":"New Ideas in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2004.09.001","article-title":"Alien voices and inner dialogue: Towards a developmental account of auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"22","author":"Fernyhough","year":"2004","journal-title":"New Ideas in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2007.03.001","article-title":"Getting Vygotskian about theory of mind: Mediation, dialogue, and the development of social understanding","volume":"28","author":"Fernyhough","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0215","series-title":"Private speech, executive functioning, and the development of verbal self-regulation","first-page":"42","article-title":"Dialogic thinking","author":"Fernyhough","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernyhough, C. (in press). Inner speech. In H. Pashler (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of the Mind. London: Sage.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452257044.n155"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200490498357","article-title":"A note on athletes\u2019 use of self-talk","volume":"16","author":"Hardy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410500130706","article-title":"Quantifying athlete self-talk","volume":"23","author":"Hardy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00225.x","article-title":"Ruminative thoughts and their relation to depression and anxiety","volume":"32","author":"Harrington","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0070","series-title":"Exploring inner experience. The descriptive experience sampling method","author":"Hurlburt","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0075","series-title":"Describing inner experience? Proponent meets skeptic","author":"Hurlburt","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.4.298","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in the British population","volume":"185","author":"Johns","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(01)00103-9","article-title":"The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population","volume":"21","author":"Johns","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/13674670903295093","article-title":"Re-expanding the phenomenology of hallucinations: Lessons from sixteenth century Spain","volume":"13","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mental Health, Religion, and Culture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.001","article-title":"Neural correlates of inner speech and auditory verbal hallucinations: A critical review and theoretical integration","volume":"27","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2005.12.003","article-title":"Thought as action: Inner speech, self-monitoring, and auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.08.014","article-title":"A message in the medium? Assessing the reliability of psychopathology e-questionnaires","volume":"44","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003978","article-title":"The phenomenology of inner speech: Comparison of schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations and healthy controls","volume":"39","author":"Langdon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(82)90039-2","article-title":"Language in the absence of inner speech","volume":"20","author":"Levine","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0120","first-page":"141","article-title":"\u2018What the\u2026?\u2019 The role of inner speech in conscious thought","volume":"17","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Manrique","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Consciousness Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0125","unstructured":"McCarthy-Jones, S. (forthcoming). Hearing voices: The meanings, histories, phenomenologies and neuroscience of auditory verbal hallucinations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0130","first-page":"223","article-title":"Self-talk and self-awareness: On the nature of the relation","volume":"14","author":"Morin","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Mind and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.04.007","article-title":"Differences and similarities in the sensory and cognitive signatures of voice-hearing, intrusions and thoughts","volume":"102","author":"Moritz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1348\/014466500163112","article-title":"Cognitive factors in predisposition to auditory and visual hallucinations","volume":"39","author":"Morrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003381X","article-title":"The auditory hallucination: A phenomenological survey","volume":"26","author":"Nayani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.3.504","article-title":"Rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety\/depressive symptoms","volume":"109","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0155","series-title":"Depressive rumination: Nature, theory, and treatment","first-page":"107","article-title":"The response styles theory","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0160","unstructured":"Plato (1987). Theaetetus (Trans R.H. Waterford). London: Penguin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2190\/74V5-HNXN-JEY5-DG7W","article-title":"Auditory hallucinations of hearing voices in 375 normal subjects","volume":"2","author":"Posey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Imagination, Cognition and Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1691","article-title":"Functional anatomy of auditory verbal imagery in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations","volume":"157","author":"Shergill","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00789221","article-title":"Distributions of hallucination in the population","volume":"26","author":"Tien","year":"1991","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0190","series-title":"Inner communication: Different voices, different minds","author":"Vocate","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0195","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L. S. (1987). Thinking and speech. In The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky (Vol. 1). New York: Plenum (Original work published 1934)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-476X(80)90036-3","article-title":"The significance of dialogue in Vygotsky\u2019s account of social, egocentric and inner speech","volume":"5","author":"Wertsch","year":"1980","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5914.2006.00309.x","article-title":"Inner speech as a language: A Saussurean inquiry","volume":"36","author":"Wiley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.10.008","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000}}],"container-title":["Consciousness and Cognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053810011001954?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053810011001954?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T05:26:46Z","timestamp":1543555606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053810011001954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1053810011001954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.10.008","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1053-8100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8100","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}}}