{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:37:14Z","timestamp":1790789834274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Consciousness and Cognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,14]],"date-time":"2018-07-14T18:26:59Z","timestamp":1531592819000},"page":"48-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The varieties of inner speech questionnaire \u2013 Revised (VISQ-R): Replicating and refining links between inner speech and psychopathology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0546-8043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Alderson-Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaja","family":"Mitrenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"McCarthy-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Fernyhough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2017.01.003","article-title":"Uncharted features and dynamics of reading: Voices, characters, and crossing of experiences","volume":"49","author":"Alderson-Day","year":"2017","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.12.012","article-title":"More than one voice: Investigating the phenomenological properties of inner speech requires a variety of methods","volume":"24","author":"Alderson-Day","year":"2014","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000021","article-title":"Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology","volume":"141","author":"Alderson-Day","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00517","article-title":"Relations among trait and state measures of inner speech quality using smartphone app experience sampling","author":"Alderson-Day","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology (revisions requested)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2014.05.010","article-title":"Shot through with voices: Dissociation mediates the relationship between varieties of inner speech and auditory hallucination proneness","volume":"27","author":"Alderson-Day","year":"2014","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsv094","article-title":"The brain\u2019s conversation with itself: Neural substrates of dialogic inner speech","volume":"11","author":"Alderson-Day","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s13164-015-0270-3","article-title":"A neuropsychological approach to auditory verbal hallucinations and thought insertion \u2013 Grounded in normal voice perception","volume":"7","author":"Badcock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Review of Philosophy and Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100422","article-title":"Working memory: Theories, models, and controversies","volume":"63","author":"Baddeley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2012.03.003","article-title":"Differences in self-talk frequency as a function of age, only-child, and imaginary childhood companion status","volume":"46","author":"Brinthaupt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890802484498","article-title":"The self-talk scale: Development, factor analysis, and validation","volume":"91","author":"Brinthaupt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(90)90042-7","article-title":"Deafness and immediate memory for pictures: Dissociations between \u201cinner speech\u201d and the \u201cinner ear\u201d?","volume":"50","author":"Campbell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0060","first-page":"16","article-title":"An update on the dissociative experiences scale","volume":"6","author":"Carlson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0065","first-page":"173","article-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.06.010","article-title":"Individual differences in children\u2019s private speech: The role of imaginary companions","volume":"116","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000584","article-title":"Inner speech and clarity of self-concept in thought disorder and auditory-verbal hallucinations","volume":"204","author":"de Sousa","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087081","article-title":"Incidence and functions of self-reported private speech in young adults: A self-verbalization questionnaire","volume":"31","author":"Duncan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science\/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(01)00069-7","article-title":"Private speech in young adults: Task difficulty, self-regulation, and psychological predication","volume":"16","author":"Duncan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-596X(02)00511-9","article-title":"The role of inner speech in task switching: A dual-task investigation","volume":"48","author":"Emerson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2004.11.002","article-title":"Private speech on an executive task: Relations with task difficulty and task performance","volume":"20","author":"Fernyhough","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.2.404","article-title":"The dimensionality of self-esteem: II. Hierarchical facet model for revised measurement scales","volume":"46","author":"Fleming","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015128904007","article-title":"Perfectionism cognitions, rumination, and psychological distress","volume":"20","author":"Flett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.11.011","article-title":"Testing continuum models of psychosis: No reduction in source monitoring ability in healthy individuals prone to auditory hallucinations","volume":"91","author":"Garrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200.2014.959624","article-title":"It\u2019s good but it\u2019s not right: Instructional self-talk and skilled performance","volume":"27","author":"Hardy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410500130706","article-title":"Quantifying athlete self-talk","volume":"23","author":"Hardy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.10.031","article-title":"Sense of agency is altered in patients with a putative psychotic prodrome","volume":"126","author":"Hauser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700027367","article-title":"Sampling the form of inner experience in three adults with Asperger syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Hurlburt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.10.003","article-title":"Toward a phenomenology of inner speaking","volume":"22","author":"Hurlburt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0140","series-title":"Describing inner experience? Proponent meets skeptic","author":"Hurlburt","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2190\/7K24-G343-MTQW-115V","article-title":"Dimensions of thought flow in everyday life","volume":"7","author":"Klinger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Imagination, Cognition and Personality"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003978","article-title":"The phenomenology of inner speech: Comparison of schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations and healthy controls","volume":"39","author":"Langdon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.005","article-title":"The varieties of inner speech: Links between quality of inner speech and psychopathological variables in a sample of young adults","volume":"20","author":"McCarthy-Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1348\/014466500163112","article-title":"Cognitive factors in predisposition to auditory and visual hallucinations","volume":"39","author":"Morrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.12.021","article-title":"Comprehension of metaphors in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders","volume":"55","author":"Mossaheb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-6402.00005","article-title":"Mediators of the gender difference in rumination","volume":"25","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychology of Women Quarterly"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167206292958","article-title":"Self-conscious emotions and depression: Rumination explains why shame but not guilt is maladaptive","volume":"32","author":"Orth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clysa.2017.02.001","article-title":"Spanish adaptation of the Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VISQ). Study of the relationship between inner speech, dissociation, and hallucination proneness","volume":"28","author":"Perona-Garcel\u00e1n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cl\u00ednica Y Salud"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0185","first-page":"43","article-title":"Types and functions of inner dialogues","volume":"11","author":"Puchalska-Wasyl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychology of Language and Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/10720537.2015.1084601","article-title":"Coalition and opposition in myself? On integrative and confrontational internal dialogues, their functions, and the types of inner interlocutors","volume":"29","author":"Puchalska-Wasyl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Constructivist Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01675","article-title":"Individual differences in frequency of inner speech: Differential relations with cognitive and non-cognitive factors","volume":"7","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s13164-015-0267-y","article-title":"Thinking, inner speech, and self-awareness","volume":"7","author":"Roessler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Review of Philosophy and Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0205","series-title":"Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE)","first-page":"61","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1965"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1215\/00318108-2007-037","article-title":"The unreliability of naive introspection","volume":"117","author":"Schwitzgebel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philosophical Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcp.2016.02.001","article-title":"Multidimensionality of inner speech and its relationship with abnormal perceptions","volume":"45","author":"Tamayo-Agudelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Colombiana De Psiquiatria"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2010.07.008","article-title":"The voice of self-control: Blocking the inner voice increases impulsive responding","volume":"135","author":"Tullett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.10.332","article-title":"Are inner speech self-report questionnaires reliable and valid?","volume":"30","author":"Uttl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia \u2013 Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(96)00006-2","article-title":"The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES)","volume":"16","author":"van Ijzendoorn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0235","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L. S. (1987). Thinking and speech. The collected works of Lev Vygotsky (Vol. 1). New York: Plenum Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28197","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.28197","article-title":"Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech","volume":"6","author":"Whitford","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s13164-015-0288-6","article-title":"Voices and thoughts in psychosis: An introduction","volume":"7","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Review of Philosophy and Psychology"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579411000794","article-title":"Inner speech is used to mediate short-term memory, but not planning, among intellectually high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"24","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0255","series-title":"Private speech, executive functioning, and the development of verbal self-regulation","author":"Winsler","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ens072","article-title":"Signed soliloquy: Visible private speech","volume":"18","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"}],"container-title":["Consciousness and Cognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053810018301090?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053810018301090?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T01:28:43Z","timestamp":1717291723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053810018301090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S1053810018301090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8100","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The varieties of inner speech questionnaire \u2013 Revised (VISQ-R): Replicating and refining links between inner speech and psychopathology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Consciousness and Cognition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}