{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:45:56Z","timestamp":1792525556839,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Consciousness and Cognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:14:21Z","timestamp":1792394061000},"page":"104140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Explicit and implicit information about another person modulates personal space discomfort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Teraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Airi","family":"Sozu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pragma.2010.10.021","article-title":"Investigation of the proxemic behavior of Iranian professors and university students: Effects of gender and status","volume":"43","author":"Aliakbari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pragmatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.10.021","article-title":"The role of oxytocin in modulating interpersonal space: A pharmacological fMRI study","volume":"76","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.02.036","article-title":"The role of oxytocin in implicit personal space regulation: An fMRI study","volume":"91","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.ep10768783","article-title":"Statistical power analysis","volume":"1","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0025","article-title":"The illusion of having a tall or short body differently modulates interpersonal and peripersonal space","volume":"375","author":"D'Angelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.09.009","article-title":"Parieto-frontal interactions, personal space, and defensive behavior","volume":"44","author":"Graziano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.85.1.117","article-title":"Personal space: An evaluative and orienting overview","volume":"85","author":"Hayduk","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2018.12.009","article-title":"The shape of personal space","volume":"193","author":"Hecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2025.05.013","article-title":"The self in motion: The advantage for one's own movements at an implicit but not explicit level","volume":"189","author":"Iachini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111511","article-title":"Body space in social interactions: A comparison of reaching and comfort distance in immersive virtual reality","volume":"9","author":"Iachini","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2016.01.004","article-title":"Peripersonal and interpersonal space in virtual and real environments: Effects of gender and age","volume":"45","author":"Iachini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2015.09.003","article-title":"Near or far? It depends on my impression: Moral information and spatial behavior in virtual interactions","volume":"161","author":"Iachini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2381","article-title":"Personal space regulation by the human amygdala","volume":"12","author":"Kennedy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199801000-00002","article-title":"Gender differences in joint biomechanics during walking normative study in young adults","volume":"77","author":"Kerrigan","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2015.07.001","article-title":"Internal consistency predicts attractiveness in biological motion walkers","volume":"37","author":"Kl\u00fcver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evolution and Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05966-w","article-title":"Expansion of space for visuotactile interaction during visually induced self-motion","volume":"239","author":"Kuroda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-025-07129-1","article-title":"Whole-body immobilization modulates visuotactile interaction","volume":"243","author":"Kuroda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(65)90028-4","article-title":"Personal space","volume":"1","author":"Little","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-017-0968-1","article-title":"The effect of height and shoulder-to-hip ratio on interpersonal space in virtual environment","volume":"83","author":"Pazhoohi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107909","article-title":"Representing strangers in personal space triggers coding of defensive hand movement","volume":"158","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-016-0782-1","article-title":"Keeping you at arm's length: Modifying peripersonal space influences interpersonal distance","volume":"81","author":"Quesque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.05.014","article-title":"Age and sex differences in normative gait patterns","volume":"88","author":"Rowe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-016-0806-x","article-title":"The effect of facial expressions on peripersonal and interpersonal spaces","volume":"81","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83988-2","article-title":"Defensive functions provoke similar psychophysiological reactions in reaching and comfort spaces","volume":"11","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.05.028","article-title":"Unconscious integration of multisensory bodily inputs in the peripersonal space shapes bodily self-consciousness","volume":"166","author":"Salomon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.05.018","article-title":"First impressions: Gait cues drive reliable trait judgements","volume":"124","author":"Thoresen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99578-1","article-title":"Psychological and physiological evidence for an initial \u2018rough sketch'\u00a0calculation of personal space","volume":"11","author":"Tootell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1348\/014466605X58384","article-title":"The influence of biological sex, sexuality and gender role on interpersonal distance","volume":"45","author":"Uzzell","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192753","article-title":"Listening to a conversation with aggressive content expands the interpersonal space","volume":"13","author":"Vagnoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2019.1626763","article-title":"Neural correlates of social and non-social personal space intrusions: Role of defensive and peripersonal space systems in interpersonal distance regulation","volume":"15","author":"Vieira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1978963","article-title":"The aligned rank transform for nonparametric factorial analyses using only anova procedures","author":"Wobbrock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116829","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of frontoparietal processing during personal space intrusion","volume":"29","author":"Xiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3419985","article-title":"The effect of gender and attractiveness of motion on proximity in virtual reality","volume":"17","author":"Zibrek","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception"}],"container-title":["Consciousness and Cognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053810026001480?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053810026001480?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:32:56Z","timestamp":1792524776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053810026001480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S1053810026001480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8100","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Explicit and implicit information about another person modulates personal space discomfort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Consciousness and Cognition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2026.104140","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104140"}}