{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T06:41:12Z","timestamp":1772606472702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012260","name":"Calgary Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004742","name":"Wells Fargo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007520","name":"Nationwide Children&apos;s Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008747","name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Ohio State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8UL1TR000090-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8UL1TR000090-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011468","name":"Foundation for Excellence in Mental Health Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011468","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,26]],"date-time":"2019-10-26T17:40:37Z","timestamp":1572111637000},"page":"100478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rationale and design of an international randomized placebo-controlled trial of a 36-ingredient micronutrient supplement for children with ADHD and irritable mood: The Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jeanette M.","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Gracious","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leanna","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Tost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Savoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Hatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3720-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisha","family":"Bruton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Eugene","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2017.1417860","article-title":"Prevalence of parent-reported ADHD diagnosis and associated treatment among U.S. Children and adolescents, 2016","volume":"47","author":"Danielson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib3","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Lenzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16040429","article-title":"Mechanisms distinguishing irritability in children and adolescents","volume":"173","author":"Dickstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.022","article-title":"What does risperidone add to parent training and stimulant for severe aggression in child attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder?","volume":"53","author":"Aman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib6","series-title":"Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical and functional outcome of childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder 33 years later","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007","article-title":"Adult outcome of hyperactive boys - educational-achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status","volume":"50","author":"Mannuzza","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31819c23d0","article-title":"The MTA at 8 Years: prospective follow-up of children treated for combined-type ADHD in a multisite study","volume":"48","author":"Molina","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70167-X","article-title":"Alternative and controversial treatments for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"46","author":"Baumgaertel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12070991","article-title":"Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments","volume":"170","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.10.015","article-title":"Meta-analysis of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives","volume":"51","author":"Nigg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib13","article-title":"The influence of components of diet on the symptoms of ADHD in children","volume":"63","author":"Konikowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.145441","article-title":"Infant malnutrition is associated with persisting attention deficits in middle adulthood","volume":"142","author":"Galler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2027","article-title":"The Mediterranean diet and ADHD in children and adolescents","volume":"139","author":"R\u00edos-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054710365990","article-title":"ADHD is associated with a \u201cWestern\u201d dietary pattern in adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Howard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"9598","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61306-3","article-title":"Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8\/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"370","author":"McCann","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00530.x","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine use in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"41","author":"Sinha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.9.1096","article-title":"Use of complementary and alternative medicine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"53","author":"Bussing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"issue":"1251","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use in Christchurch, New Zealand: children attending general practice versus paediatric outpatients","volume":"120","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200202001-00007","article-title":"The role of complementary and alternative medicine in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.355401.x","article-title":"Utilization of alternative therapies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"35","author":"Stubberfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.7","article-title":"Nutrient supplementation approaches in the treatment of ADHD","volume":"9","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2014.05.002","article-title":"Mulqueen J: nutritional supplements for the treatment of ADHD","volume":"23","author":"Bloch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2014.04.001","article-title":"Single-micronutrient and broad-spectrum micronutrient approaches for treating mood disorders in youth and adults","volume":"23","author":"Popper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8952520","article-title":"Tryptophan biochemistry: structural, nutritional, metabolic, and medical aspects in humans","author":"Palego","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism and related pathways in psychoneuroimmunology: the impact of nutrition and lifestyle","author":"Gostner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib28","article-title":"A review on synergistic relationship between nutrition and exercise in treating depression","volume":"9","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Health WellBeing"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.93","article-title":"Sugary beverage and food consumption, and leukocyte telomere length maintenance in pregnant women","volume":"70","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8223(94)92456-2","article-title":"A balanced approach to nutrition for health: the need for biologically essential minerals and vitamins","volume":"94","author":"Mertz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1089\/104454604773840553","article-title":"Improved mood and behavior during treatment with a mineral-vitamin supplement: an open-label case series of children","volume":"14","author":"Kaplan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054709356173","article-title":"Effect of micronutrients on behavior and mood in adults with ADHD: evidence from an 8-week open label trial with natural extension","volume":"15","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib33","article-title":"Database analysis of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder consuming a multinutrient formula","volume":"74","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900027516","article-title":"Successful treatment of Bipolar Disorder II and ADHD with a micronutrient formula: a case study","volume":"15","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2010","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib35","first-page":"319","article-title":"Outcome-based comparison of Ritalin versus food-supplement treated children with AD\/HD","volume":"8","author":"Harding","year":"2003","journal-title":"Altern. Med. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2007.0611","article-title":"Comprehensive approach to treating autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prepilot study","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054714530557","article-title":"Vitamin-mineral treatment of ADHD in adults","volume":"21","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0105","article-title":"Clinically significant symptom reduction in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder treated with micronutrients: an open-label reversal design study","volume":"25","author":"Gordon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib39","author":"Dietary reference intakes (DRIs)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200477","article-title":"To establish the parameters of optimal nutrition do we need to consider psychological in addition to physiological parameters?","volume":"57","author":"Benton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12817","article-title":"Vitamin-mineral treatment improves aggression and emotional control in children with ADHD: a fully blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCPP (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib42","series-title":"J: Child and Adolescent Symptoms Inventory-5. Stony Brook","author":"Gadow","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib43","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/15.5.e1","article-title":"Successful treatment of pill-swallowing difficulties with head posture practice","volume":"15","author":"Kaplan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr. Child Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054709356173","article-title":"Effect of micronutrients on behavior and mood in adults with ADHD: evidence from an 8-week open label trial with natural extension","volume":"15","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.132126","article-title":"Vitamin-mineral treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"204","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib48","article-title":"Vitamin\u2013mineral treatment of ADHD in adults a 1-year naturalistic follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl-9","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib49","article-title":"Safety limits for nutrients","volume":"126","author":"Hathcock","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2018.0352","article-title":"An observational preliminary study on the safety of long-term consumption of micronutrients for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms","volume":"25","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0985","article-title":"Development of a pediatric adverse events terminology","volume":"139","author":"Gipson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.12.014","article-title":"Moderators of treatment response in adults with ADHD treated with a vitamin\u2013mineral supplement","volume":"50","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2012.0098","article-title":"Nutritional and safety outcomes from an open-label micronutrient intervention for pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders","volume":"23","author":"Frazier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.006","article-title":"Treatment of children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and irritability: results from the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD (MTA)","volume":"54","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez de la Cruz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.763","article-title":"Subtyping attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder using temperament dimensions: toward biologically based nosologic criteria","volume":"71","author":"Karalunas","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000664","article-title":"Do we need an irritable subtype of ADHD? Replication and extension of a promising temperament profile approach to ADHD subtyping","volume":"31","author":"Karalunas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1079\/ASC40040307","article-title":"Factors identifying pigs predisposed to tail biting","volume":"80","author":"Beattie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas87-096","article-title":"Mineral-deficient diets and the pig's attraction to blood: implications for tail-biting","volume":"67","author":"Fraser","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(76)90400-7","article-title":"Control of brain neurotransmitter synthesis by precursor availability and nutritional state","volume":"25","author":"Wurtman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200728","article-title":"Reduced microbiome alpha diversity in young patients with ADHD","volume":"13","author":"Prehn-Kristensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183509","article-title":"Gut microbiome in ADHD and its relation to neural reward anticipation","volume":"12","author":"Aarts","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.11.013","article-title":"Inflammation in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Mitchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533611436116","article-title":"Effects of gut microbes on nutrient absorption and energy regulation","volume":"27","author":"Krajmalnik\u2010Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.010132","article-title":"Energy-balance studies reveal associations between gut microbes, caloric load, and nutrient absorption in humans\u2013","volume":"94","author":"Jumpertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0607-2","article-title":"Anxiety and stress in children following an earthquake: Clinically beneficial effects of treatment with micronutrients","volume":"26","author":"Sole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.080","article-title":"A randomised trial of nutrient supplements to minimise psychiatric illness after a natural disaster","volume":"228","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"}],"container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451865419302406?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451865419302406?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:01:13Z","timestamp":1762520473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2451865419302406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S2451865419302406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478","relation":{},"ISSN":["2451-8654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-8654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rationale and design of an international randomized placebo-controlled trial of a 36-ingredient micronutrient supplement for children with ADHD and irritable mood: The Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100478","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100478"}}