{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T17:01:54Z","timestamp":1758992514505},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contraception"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,10]],"date-time":"2005-06-10T15:47:16Z","timestamp":1118418436000},"page":"146-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Vaginal contraceptive activity of a chelated vanadocene"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Osmond J.","family":"D'Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatih M.","family":"Uckun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib1","first-page":"9","article-title":"A review of spermicidal products","volume":"14","author":"Goldsmith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Fam Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-199412000-00016","article-title":"Spermicides and barrier contraception","volume":"6","author":"Faundes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib3","first-page":"84014","article-title":"Vaginal contraceptive drug products for over-the-counter human use","volume":"45","author":"US Food and Drug Administration","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.1.52","article-title":"Condoms, spermicides and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: a review of the literature","volume":"78","author":"Feldblum","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.259.19.2851","article-title":"Spermicide use and sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"259","author":"Feldblum","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198904000-00001","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of condoms with and without nonoxynol-9 as physical and chemical barriers against Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus type 2, and human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"16","author":"Judson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199107000-00001","article-title":"The use of spermicide containing nonoxynol-9 in the prevention of HIV infections","volume":"55","author":"Bird","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92584-X","article-title":"Inactivation of HTLV-III\/LAV-infected cultures of normal human lymphocytes by nonoxynol-9 in vitro","volume":"2","author":"Hicks","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.6.910","article-title":"The use of nonoxynol-9 for protection against cervical gonorrhea","volume":"84","author":"Weir","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91195-E","article-title":"Use of nonoxynol-9 and reduction in rate of gonococcal and chlamydial cervical infections","volume":"339","author":"Niruthisard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462971919994","article-title":"Condom and nonoxynol-9 use and the incidence of HIV infection in serodiscordant couples in Zambia","volume":"8","author":"Hira","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390803","article-title":"A controlled trial of nonoxynol-9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"339","author":"Roddy","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.268.4.477","article-title":"Efficacy of nonoxynol-9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual transmission of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes","volume":"268","author":"Kreiss","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11079-8","article-title":"COL-1492 Study Group. Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"360","author":"Van Damme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1981.tb00006.x","article-title":"Ultrastructure of human spermatozoa in the presence of the spermicide nonoxynol-9 and a vaginal contraceptive containing nonoxynol-9","volume":"13","author":"Schill","year":"1981","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)47074-3","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy of human spermatozoa after incubation with the spermicide nonoxynol-9","volume":"39","author":"Wilborn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199107000-00010","article-title":"The effects of frequent nonoxynol-9 use on the vaginal and cervical mucosa","volume":"18","author":"Niruthisard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib18","first-page":"78","article-title":"Nonoxynol-9 use, genital ulcers, and HIV infection in a cohort of sex workers","volume":"71","author":"Weir","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib19","first-page":"118","article-title":"Vaginal spermicides: some current concerns","volume":"17","author":"Chantler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Fam Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2307\/1966856","article-title":"Contraceptive failure in the United States: a critical review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Trussell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib21","first-page":"101","article-title":"Vanadocenes as a new class of effective spermicides","volume":"1","author":"D'Cruz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod58.6.1515","article-title":"Spermicidal activity of metallocene complexes containing vanadium (IV) in humans","volume":"56","author":"D'Cruz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/4.7.683","article-title":"Spermicidal activity of chelated complexes of bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium (IV)","volume":"4","author":"D'Cruz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.4.939","article-title":"Studies in humans on the mechanism of potent spermicidal and apoptosis-inducing activities of vanadocene complexes","volume":"62","author":"D'Cruz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(99)00046-X","article-title":"Structural and functional characterization of seven spermicidal vanadium (IV) complexes: potentiation of activity by methyl substitution on the cyclopentadienyl rings","volume":"75","author":"Ghosh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.2.435","article-title":"Spermicidal activity of oxovanadium (IV) complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2\u2032-bipyridyl, 5\u2032-bromo-2\u2032-hydroxyacetophenone and derivatives","volume":"60","author":"D'Cruz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(98)10068-5","article-title":"Structural and biological characterization of a novel spermicidal vanadium (IV) complex: Bis(p-cyclopentadienyl)-N,N-diethyl dithiocarbamato vanadium (IV) tetrafluoro borate, [VCp2(DeDtc)](BF4)","volume":"72","author":"Ghosh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2517","article-title":"Evaluation of boar sperm as a model system to study the mechanism of spermicidal activity of vanadocenes","volume":"270","author":"D'Cruz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.9089","article-title":"Intravaginal toxicity studies of a gel microemulsion formulation of spermicidal vanadocenes in rabbits","volume":"170","author":"D'Cruz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(01)00245-1","article-title":"Subchronic (13-week) toxicity studies of intravaginal administration of spermicidal vanadocene dithiocarbamate in mice","volume":"64","author":"D'Cruz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)35140-0","article-title":"Physiological aspects of sperm transport in the domestic pig, Sus scrofa. II. Regulation, survival and fate of cells","volume":"131","author":"Hunter","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib32","series-title":"The biology of the pig","first-page":"129","article-title":"Reproductive physiology","author":"Pond","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib33","series-title":"Control of pig reproduction","author":"Cole","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)33986-6","article-title":"Physiological factors influencing ovulation, fertilization, early embryonic development and establishment of pregnancy in pigs","volume":"133","author":"Hunter","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04845-8","article-title":"Contraceptive activity of a spermicidal aryl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy-zidovudine (compound WHI-07) in rabbits","volume":"79","author":"D'Cruz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib36","series-title":"Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology","first-page":"375","article-title":"Microemulsion","author":"Eccleston","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v16.i5.20","article-title":"Microemulsions: an overview and pharmaceutical applications","volume":"16","author":"Tenjarla","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod56.1.153","article-title":"Contraceptive effect of spermagglutinating monoclonal antibodies in rabbits","volume":"56","author":"Castle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512073332301","article-title":"Timing of sexual intercourse in the relation to ovulation","volume":"333","author":"Wilcox","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(01)00233-5","article-title":"Gel microemulsions as vaginal spermicides and intravaginal drug delivery vehicles","volume":"64","author":"D'Cruz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(98)00059-6","article-title":"Contraceptive testing of vaginal agents in rabbits","volume":"58","author":"Castle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)33667-6","article-title":"Effect of commercial contraceptive jellies placed in the rabbit vagina before mating","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"1960","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib43","first-page":"588","article-title":"A comparison of the in vivo contraceptive potencies of a variety of marketed vaginal contraceptive dosage forms","volume":"22","author":"Homm","year":"1977","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(97)00102-9","article-title":"Vaginal delivery of new formulations of nonoxynol-9 coprecipitated with polyvinylpyrrolidone in rabbits. Comparisons between two formulation delivery systems","volume":"56","author":"Zavos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.4.1082-1088.2004","article-title":"Antiretroviral spermicide WHI-07 prevents vaginal and rectal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats","volume":"48","author":"D'Cruz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg001","article-title":"Pre-clinical safety evaluation of novel nucleoside analogue-based dual-function microbicides (WHI-05 and WHI-07)","volume":"50","author":"D'Cruz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib47","first-page":"50","article-title":"Antileukemic activity and cellular metabolism of the aryl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (WHI-07)","volume":"55","author":"Uckun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung\/Drug Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib48","first-page":"1536","article-title":"Apoptosis-inducing vanadocene compounds against human testicular cancer","volume":"6","author":"Ghosh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8965","article-title":"Vanadocene-mediated in vivo male germ cell apoptosis","volume":"166","author":"D'Cruz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1086\/516541","article-title":"T lymphocytes and macrophages, but not motile spermatozoa, are a significant source of human immunodeficiency virus in semen","volume":"176","author":"Quayle","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812173392502","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the semen of men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"339","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Contraception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010782405000727?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010782405000727?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,23]],"date-time":"2019-02-23T18:39:47Z","timestamp":1550947187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010782405000727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0010782405000727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.02.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-7824"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-7824","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}}}