{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:55:42Z","timestamp":1761512142757},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contraception"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,10]],"date-time":"2005-08-10T14:08:39Z","timestamp":1123682919000},"page":"383-392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Steroid receptor expression in vaginal epithelium of healthy fertile women and influences of hormonal contraceptive usage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Ildgruben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Sj\u00f6berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Louise","family":"Hammarstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torbj\u00f6rn","family":"B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138628","article-title":"Comparative immunohistochemical study of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the fallopian tube and uterus at different stages of the menstrual cycle and the menopause","volume":"9","author":"Amso","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4258","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.12.4258","article-title":"Human estrogen receptor beta-gene structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern","volume":"82","author":"Enmark","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00365-X","article-title":"Estrogen receptor expression in vulvar vestibulitis syndrome","volume":"189","author":"Eva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1998.0170","article-title":"The estrogen receptor beta subtype: a novel mediator of estrogen action in neuroendocrine systems","volume":"19","author":"Kuiper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00285-8","article-title":"Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the uterosacral ligament","volume":"90","author":"Mokrzycki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00113-2","article-title":"Estrogen receptor alpha and beta expression in the vaginal walls and uterosacral ligaments of premenopausal and postmenopausal women","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.119627","article-title":"Expression of estrogen receptor isoforms alpha and beta messenger RNA in vaginal tissue of premenopausal and postmenopausal women","volume":"185","author":"Gebhart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00724.x","article-title":"Oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression in the female lower urinary tract, with reference to oestrogen status","volume":"86","author":"Blakeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Urol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1042-7","article-title":"Expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta in anterior vaginal walls of genuine stress incontinent women","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10056.x","article-title":"An immunohistochemical study of androgen, oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the vulva and vagina","volume":"105","author":"Hodgins","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib11","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors in the vulva and vagina","volume":"35","author":"MacLean","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4835","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.12.4835","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the human reproductive organs","volume":"85","author":"Pelletier","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000293038","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evidence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the female lower urinary tract and comparison with the vagina","volume":"32","author":"Wolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7215.969","article-title":"Science, medicine, and the future. Contraception","volume":"319","author":"Baird","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/8.4.333","article-title":"Effect of mifepristone and levonorgestrel on expression of steroid receptors in the human Fallopian tube","volume":"8","author":"Christow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(03)00618-5","article-title":"Influence of hormonal contraceptives on the immune cells and thickness of human vaginal epithelium","volume":"102","author":"Ildgruben","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70520-9","article-title":"Single luteal phase serum progesterone assay as an indicator of ovulation","volume":"176","author":"Israel","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s004040050004","article-title":"Serum leptin concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle","volume":"263","author":"Ludwig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00015-6","article-title":"Ovarian function during the use of a single contraceptive implant: Implanon compared with Norplant","volume":"69","author":"Makarainen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199710)183:2<228::AID-PATH895>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"New monoclonal antibodies to oestrogen and progesterone receptors effective for paraffin section immunohistochemistry","volume":"183","author":"Bevitt","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.8.624","article-title":"Detection of progesterone receptor forms A and B by immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"54","author":"Mote","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib22","series-title":"Stereological methods","first-page":"101","article-title":"Point counting methods","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Weibel","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/09513599709152532","article-title":"Biochemical and histological effects of vaginal estriol and estradiol applications on the endometrium, myometrium and vagina of postmenopausal women","volume":"11","author":"van Haaften","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib24","first-page":"517","article-title":"Effects of progestins on human proliferative endometrium: an in vitro model of potential clinical relevance","volume":"12","author":"Illouz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-002-0683-z","article-title":"An in vitro long-term culture model for normal human mammary gland: expression and regulation of steroid receptors","volume":"311","author":"Zhuang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/320134a0","article-title":"Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A","volume":"320","author":"Green","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3753802","article-title":"Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA","volume":"231","author":"Greene","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5925","article-title":"Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary","volume":"93","author":"Kuiper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350667","article-title":"Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the human vagina","volume":"8","author":"Di Carlo","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(93)90058-P","article-title":"Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the human vagina during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and postmenopause","volume":"16","author":"Perez-Lopez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(80)90061-4","article-title":"Estrogen receptors in human vaginal tissue","volume":"2","author":"Wiegerink","year":"1980","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.01.011","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, ovulation suppression and return to ovulation following a lower dose subcutaneous formulation of Depo-Provera","volume":"70","author":"Jain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(03)00061-X","article-title":"Oestrogen and progestin responses in human endometrium","volume":"84","author":"Punyadeera","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.8.2963","article-title":"Colocalization of progesterone receptors A and B by dual immunofluorescent histochemistry in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle","volume":"84","author":"Mote","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.190","article-title":"The cyclic pattern of the immunocytochemical expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human myometrial and endometrial layers: characterization of the endometrial\u2013subendometrial unit","volume":"14","author":"Noe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0940363","article-title":"Immunocytochemical analysis of oestrogen receptors and progesterone receptors in the human uterus throughout the menstrual cycle and after the menopause","volume":"94","author":"Snijders","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899809002598","article-title":"Effects of sex steroids on proliferation in normal mammary tissue","volume":"30","author":"Soderqvist","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)90837-6","article-title":"Estrogen and progesterone receptor content in breast epithelial cells from healthy women during the menstrual cycle","volume":"168","author":"Soderqvist","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199209000-00026","article-title":"Review of the endometrial effects of estrogens and progestins","volume":"47","author":"Creasy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4559","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.12.4559","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy with estrogen or estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate is associated with increased epithelial proliferation in the normal postmenopausal breast","volume":"84","author":"Hofseth","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006482418082","article-title":"Effects of oral contraceptives on breast epithelial proliferation","volume":"65","author":"Isaksson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib42","first-page":"381","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception","volume":"41","author":"Mishell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19941015)74:8<2321::AID-CNCR2820740817>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Failure of down-regulation of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors after medroxyprogesterone acetate administration for endometrial hyperplasias","volume":"74","author":"Masuzawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02997-1","article-title":"Administration of an antiprogesterone up-regulates estrogen receptors in the endometrium of women using Norplant: a pilot study","volume":"77","author":"Glasier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01748-4","article-title":"Magnitude and variability of sequential estradiol and progesterone concentrations in women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception","volume":"75","author":"Clark","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(99)00039-0","article-title":"17Beta-estradiol delivered by three different matrix patches 50 microg\/day: a three-way cross-over study in 21 postmenopausal women","volume":"33","author":"Rohr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2003.09.005","article-title":"Serum medroxyprogesterone acetate levels in new and repeat users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate at the end of the dosing interval","volume":"69","author":"Smit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.430405.x","article-title":"Menstrual cycle dependent fluctuations in NK and T-lymphocyte subsets from non-pregnant human endometrium","volume":"43","author":"Flynn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg013","article-title":"A review of immune cells and molecules in women with recurrent miscarriage","volume":"9","author":"Laird","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00184.x","article-title":"Lymphocyte subsets in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis throughout the menstrual cycle","volume":"36","author":"Mettler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2227","article-title":"Cutting edge: estrogen drives expansion of the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell compartment","volume":"173","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90666-9","article-title":"The embryologic development of the human vagina","volume":"126","author":"Ulfelder","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Contraception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010782405002192?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010782405002192?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T20:17:29Z","timestamp":1586377049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010782405002192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0010782405002192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-7824"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-7824","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}}}