{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T08:48:46Z","timestamp":1780562926580,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contraception"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,19]],"date-time":"2006-05-19T11:19:02Z","timestamp":1148037542000},"page":"245-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Does St. John's wort interfere with the antiandrogenic effect of oral contraceptive pills?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Robin H.","family":"Fogle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn L.","family":"Westhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank Z.","family":"Stanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02725-4","article-title":"The evaluation and management of hirsutism","volume":"101","author":"Azziz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021407","article-title":"The treatment of hyperandrogenism with oral contraceptives","volume":"7","author":"Azziz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib3","first-page":"129","article-title":"The effects of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol combination in normal and hyperandrogenic young girls: speculations on contraception in adolescence","volume":"19","author":"Venturoli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Eur Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90089-2","article-title":"The effectiveness of two oral contraceptives in suppressing plasma androstenedione, testosterone, LH, and FSH, and in stimulating plasma testosterone-binding capacity in hirsute women","volume":"124","author":"Givens","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib5","first-page":"103","article-title":"Effects of sex steroids on skin 5 alpha-reductase activity in vitro","volume":"78","author":"Cassidenti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib6","first-page":"155","article-title":"Sex hormone binding globulin levels in hirsute patients: the effect of combined OCs","volume":"3","author":"Giwa-osagie","year":"1982","journal-title":"Contracept Deliv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(03)00027-1","article-title":"Efficacy of second versus third generation oral contraceptives in the treatment of hirsutism","volume":"67","author":"Breitkopf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02993-X","article-title":"Androgen and lipid profiles in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome who were treated with two forms of combined oral contraceptives","volume":"77","author":"Mastorakos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348509155112","article-title":"Effects of a low-dose desogestrel\u2013ethinylestradiol combination on hirsutism, androgens and sex hormone binding globulin in women with a polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Cullberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib10","series-title":"Lawrence review of natural products","author":"Fogle","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.44.4.271","article-title":"St. John's Wort: a systematic review of adverse effects and drug interactions for the consultation psychiatrist","volume":"44","author":"Hammerness","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib12","article-title":"St. John's Wort impact on CYP3A4 activity","author":"Roby","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)00418-3","article-title":"Second thoughts about safety of St. John's Wort","volume":"354","author":"Ernst","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.11.1500","article-title":"Effect of St. John's Wort on drug metabolism by induction of cytochrome p450 3A4 enzyme","volume":"290","author":"Markowitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.11.004","article-title":"Interaction of St. John's Wort with oral contraceptives: effects on the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity, and breakthrough bleeding","volume":"71","author":"Murphy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2003.08.009","article-title":"The interaction between St. John's Wort and an oral contraceptive","volume":"74","author":"Hall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.02005.x","article-title":"Interaction of St. John's wort with low-dose oral contraceptive therapy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Pfrunder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01716.x","article-title":"Unwanted pregnancy on self-medication with St. John's Wort despite hormonal contraception","volume":"55","author":"Schwarz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib19","series-title":"Vasectomy: immunologic and pathophysiologic effects in animals and man","first-page":"165","article-title":"Serum gonadotropin, testosterone, estradiol and estrone levels prior to and following bilateral vasectomy","author":"Goebelsmann","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90199-9","article-title":"Serum testosterone concentrations in women throughout the menstrual cycle and following hCG administration","volume":"119","author":"Goebelsmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-36-5-867","article-title":"Male pseudohermaphroditism due to testicular 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"36","author":"Goebelsmann","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-2-349","article-title":"5\u03b1-Reductase activity in the genital skin of hirsute women","volume":"60","author":"Serafini","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib23","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay kit for the quantitative measurement of androstanediol glucuronide in unextracted serum","author":"Narang","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(82)90038-3","article-title":"Calculations of free and bound fractions of testosterone and 17\u03b2-estradiol to human plasma proteins at body temperature","volume":"16","author":"Sodergard","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.10.3666","article-title":"A critical evaluation of simple methods for estimation of free testosterone in serum","volume":"84","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib26","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Validity of free testosterone and free estradiol determinations in serum samples from postmenopausal women by theoretical calculations","volume":"11","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.130155097","article-title":"St. John's Wort induces hepatic drug metabolism through activation of the pregnane X receptor","volume":"97","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R11","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.166R011","article-title":"St. John's Wort, a herbal antidepressant, activates the steroid X receptor","volume":"166","author":"Wentworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(89)90026-8","article-title":"Testosterone metabolism by microsomal cytochrome P-450 in liver of rats treated with some inducers","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00026-X","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 expression and testosterone metabolism in the liver of deer","volume":"187","author":"Sivapathasundaram","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(93)90152-M","article-title":"The role of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoform(s) in oxidative metabolism of testosterone and benzphetamine in human adult and fetal liver","volume":"44","author":"Maenpaa","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44291-8","article-title":"Testosterone metabolism by cytochrome P-450 isozymes RLM3 and RLM5 and by microsomes. Metabolite identification","volume":"258","author":"Cheng","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Contraception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010782406000953?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010782406000953?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T11:28:04Z","timestamp":1627385284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010782406000953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0010782406000953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.03.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-7824"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-7824","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}